水动力水质模型在温黄平原河网入河污染负荷削减中的应用
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摘要
为了探究入河污染负荷削减对河网水环境改善的效果,针对台州市提出的河网水质改善需求,以浙南温黄平原河网为例,设定河网主要污染物氨氮为评价指标,建立能反映出河网水动力水质时空变化规律的模型,通过对入河污染物削减率和配水水源的调节,进行方案模拟计算。结果表明:在长潭水库和灵江联合配水、入河污染负荷削减率达到55%时,水质改善效果最好;温黄平原整体河网平均水质达到较好的Ⅳ类水。提高入河污染物削减率虽然能够大幅度的强化内部河网的治污体系,但控制污染物排放、调水引流、加强区域内截污治污多措并举才能从根本上有利于河网水环境改善。本模型的应用研究可为台州及其他类似城市的河网水污染治理和控制提供参考,为建立有效可行的城市河网水污染防治安全体系提供技术支撑。
In order to explore the effect of reducing pollution load discharged into river on improvement of water environment of river network,a model that can reflect the hydrodynamic and water quality temporal and spatial variation law is established by taking the river network in Wen-Huang Plain of South Zhejiang as the study case,the paper setting up the main pollutant—NH3-N of river network as the evaluating index,according to the water quality improvement demand of river network proposed by Taizhou. And then a simulation calculation on the scheme is carried out through adjusting the reduction rate of pollutants discharged into river and the water sources for water distribution. The result shows that the water quality improvement effect is the best when the joint water distribution is carried out from both Changtan Reservoir and Lingjiang River and the reduction of pollution load discharged into river reaches 55%,while the mean water quality of the integral river network in Wen-Huang Plain reaches a better phase of water of Class IV. Enhancing the reduction rate of pollutants discharged into river can strengthen the pollution control system of the internal river network to a large extent,however,only dealing with the pollution control with several measures,i. e. control of pollutant discharge,water transfer and diversion,strengthening regional pollution control,etc.,can facilitate the improvement of water environment of river network. The application study of this model can provide references for the water pollution control of the urban river network in Taizhou City and then lay a technical support basis for establishing the effective and feasible safety system of water pollution control for the urban river network.
In order to explore the effect of reducing pollution load discharged into river on improvement of water environment of river network,a model that can reflect the hydrodynamic and water quality temporal and spatial variation law is established by taking the river network in Wen-Huang Plain of South Zhejiang as the study case,the paper setting up the main pollutant—NH3-N of river network as the evaluating index,according to the water quality improvement demand of river network proposed by Taizhou. And then a simulation calculation on the scheme is carried out through adjusting the reduction rate of pollutants discharged into river and the water sources for water distribution. The result shows that the water quality improvement effect is the best when the joint water distribution is carried out from both Changtan Reservoir and Lingjiang River and the reduction of pollution load discharged into river reaches 55%,while the mean water quality of the integral river network in Wen-Huang Plain reaches a better phase of water of Class IV. Enhancing the reduction rate of pollutants discharged into river can strengthen the pollution control system of the internal river network to a large extent,however,only dealing with the pollution control with several measures,i. e. control of pollutant discharge,water transfer and diversion,strengthening regional pollution control,etc.,can facilitate the improvement of water environment of river network. The application study of this model can provide references for the water pollution control of the urban river network in Taizhou City and then lay a technical support basis for establishing the effective and feasible safety system of water pollution control for the urban river network.
引文
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[19]LI W C,ZHAI L M,LIU H B,et al.Contrasting spatial distribution of the emission and export of phosphorus loss from a typical watershed in Yunnan Plateau Lakes Area[J].Zhongguo huanjing kexue/China environmental science,2017,37(2):711-719.
[20]张涛.基于MIKE11模型的北运河中游典型河段污染成因分析研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2013.
[2]黄若秋,宋华瑞,张冶金.温黄平原水力学模型建立研究[J].浙江水利科技,2015,43(6):23-25.
[3]曾思育,杜鹏飞,陈吉宁.流域污染负荷模型的比较研究[J].水科学进展,2016,17(1):110-114.
[4]张荣保.典型平原河网地区污染负荷模型研究[D].南京:河海大学,2005.
[5]张斯思.基于MIKE11水质模型的水环境容量计算研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2017.
[6]徐祖信,卢士强.平原感潮河网水质模型研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2003,18(2):182-188.
[7]张明亮,沈永明.河网水动力及综合水质模型的研究[J].中国工程科学,2008,10(10):78-83.
[8]陈炼钢,施勇,钱新,等.闸控河网水文-水动力-水质耦合数学模型——Ⅰ.理论[J].水科学进展,2014,25(4):534-541.
[9]陈炼钢,施勇,钱新,等.闸控河网水文-水动力-水质耦合数学模型——Ⅱ.应用[J].水科学进展,2014,25(6):856-863.
[10]林金.MIKE11模型在台州市区河网纳污能力计算中的应用[J].浙江水利水电学院学报,2014,26(1):13-18.
[11]朱茂森.基于MIKE11的辽河流域一维水质模型[J].水资源保护,2013,29(3):6-9.
[12]杨道军,胡琦玉,佘雁翎.闸坝调控下的MIKE模型在水环境影响预测评价中的应用[J].环境影响评价,2015,37(1):86-91.
[13]邹锐,张晓玲,刘永,等.抚仙湖流域负荷削减的水质风险分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(9):1721-1727.
[14]汪雪格,刘洪超,吕军,等.基于小流域划分的拉林河流域农业非点源污染物入河量估算[J].中国水土保持,2016(10):65-67.
[15]姚艳玲,张宇,吕军.嫩江流域农业面源污染管理及水质模型系统集成及应用[J].中国水土保持,2016(12):48-50.
[16]熊鸿斌,张斯思,匡武,等.基于MIKE11模型入河水污染源处理措施的控制效能分析[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1573-1581.
[17]XU Y L,WANG S J,NI Y M.Research on the influence of land use changing on non-point source pollution in Heihe River Basin[J].Journal of environmental science and engineering,2010,4(5):72-77.
[18]WANG X Q,MIN Z H.Evaluation on water environment benefits of pollutant treatment projects for a typical small watershed in plain river network area[J].Journal of Yangtze River scientific research institute,2017,34(8):24-29.
[19]LI W C,ZHAI L M,LIU H B,et al.Contrasting spatial distribution of the emission and export of phosphorus loss from a typical watershed in Yunnan Plateau Lakes Area[J].Zhongguo huanjing kexue/China environmental science,2017,37(2):711-719.
[20]张涛.基于MIKE11模型的北运河中游典型河段污染成因分析研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2013.