多OLTC协调动作对电压稳定影响的定量评估方法
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摘要
为定量评估复杂系统中多台有载调压变压器(OLTC)调节对系统电压稳定的影响,根据非线性方程极值分析原理,推导出了网络传输功率极限的必要条件,提出可以评价负荷节点电压稳定性的法向阻抗模裕度指标(NIMMI)。基于法向动态等值阻抗模,提出了可以动态跟踪系统节点间联系紧密性程度的电气耦合系数指标。针对含OLTC的非线性电力系统特点,考虑变比的影响,在牛顿-拉夫逊法求解潮流方程组的基础上,对初始状态下使潮流计算收敛的雅可比矩阵进行修正,计算节点动态等值参数,并进一步提出了计及负荷特性和OLTC调压效应的NIMMI。所提出的NIMMI能精确地量化分析复杂系统中多OLTC协调动作对电压稳定的综合影响,可以作为全网OLTC协调动作方案及变比调节范围的合理性评价依据。电气耦合系数指标能准确有效地识别出电压失稳速度较快的关键节点。最后,通过IEEE 14节点系统的仿真结果验证了分析方法的有效性和正确性。
In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of OLTC(On-Load Tap Changer) regulation on voltage stability in complex systems,according to the principle of extremum analysis of nonlinear equations,the necessary conditions for the network transmission power limit are deduced,and the NIMMI(Normal Impedance Modulus Margin Index) is proposed to analyze the voltage stability of load nodes. Based on the normal dynamic equivalent impe-dance,the electrical coupling coefficient index that can dynamically track the degree of contact tightness between nodes of the system is proposed. Considering the characteristics of nonlinear power system with OLTC,taking into account the effect of transformation ratio,based on the Newton-Raphson method for solving the power flow equations,the Jacobian matrix for the convergence of load flow calculation in the initial state is modified to calculate the dyna-mic equivalent parameters of nodes,and the NIMMI which takes into account load characteristics and OLTC voltage regulation effects is further proposed. The proposed NIMMI can accurately quantify and analyze the comprehensive influence of multi-OLTC coordinated action on the system voltage stability in a complex system,and can be used for assessing the rationality of the OLTC coordinated operation scheme and transformation ratio adjustment range of the entire network. The electrical coupling coefficient index can identify the key nodes with fast voltage instability accurately and effectively. The simulative results of the IEEE 14-bus system verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed analysis method.
In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of OLTC(On-Load Tap Changer) regulation on voltage stability in complex systems,according to the principle of extremum analysis of nonlinear equations,the necessary conditions for the network transmission power limit are deduced,and the NIMMI(Normal Impedance Modulus Margin Index) is proposed to analyze the voltage stability of load nodes. Based on the normal dynamic equivalent impe-dance,the electrical coupling coefficient index that can dynamically track the degree of contact tightness between nodes of the system is proposed. Considering the characteristics of nonlinear power system with OLTC,taking into account the effect of transformation ratio,based on the Newton-Raphson method for solving the power flow equations,the Jacobian matrix for the convergence of load flow calculation in the initial state is modified to calculate the dyna-mic equivalent parameters of nodes,and the NIMMI which takes into account load characteristics and OLTC voltage regulation effects is further proposed. The proposed NIMMI can accurately quantify and analyze the comprehensive influence of multi-OLTC coordinated action on the system voltage stability in a complex system,and can be used for assessing the rationality of the OLTC coordinated operation scheme and transformation ratio adjustment range of the entire network. The electrical coupling coefficient index can identify the key nodes with fast voltage instability accurately and effectively. The simulative results of the IEEE 14-bus system verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed analysis method.
引文
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[8] 艾琳,姜彤,杨以涵.基于节点导纳矩阵形式的在线电压稳定分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(22):51-56.AI Lin,JIANG Tong,YANG Yihan.On-line voltage stability analysis based on bus admittance matrix form[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(22):51-56.
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[10] 彭志炜,胡国根,韩帧祥.有载调压变压器调整对电力系统电压稳定性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,1998,18(6):408-412.PENG Zhiwei,HU Guogen,HAN Zhenxiang.The power system vol-tage stability affected by on-load tap changer[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1998,18(6):408-412.
[11] 段献忠,何仰赞,陈德树.有载调压变压器与电压稳定性关系的静态分析[J].电力系统自动化,1995,19(4):22-27.DUAN Xianzhong,HE Yangzan,CHEN Deshu.Static analysis of the relation between on-load tap changer and voltage stability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,1995,19(4):22-27.
[12] 王涛,张尚,顾雪平,等.电力系统运行状态的趋势辨识[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(24):171-180.WANG Tao,ZHANG Shang,GU Xueping,et al.Trends identification of power system operating states[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(24):171-180.
[13] 张学清,梁军,董晓明.基于累积指数的电网电压稳定性能的评估[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(7):235-241.ZHANG Xueqing,LIANG Jun,DONG Xiaoming.An assessment for voltage stability performance of power grid based on cumulating index[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(7):235-241.
[14] 刘光晔,施海亮,杨以涵.非解析复变电力系统电压稳定的动态分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(10):50-56.LIU Guangye,SHI Hailiang,YANG Yihan.Comprehensive dynamic analysis method for power system static voltage stability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(10):50-56.
[15] 刘光晔,杨以涵.电力系统电压稳定与功角稳定的统一分析原理[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(13):135-149.LIU Guangye,YANG Yihan.Theoretical foundation of power system voltage and angle stability unified analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(13):135-149.
[16] 谭玉东,李欣然,蔡晔,等.基于电气距离的复杂电网关键节点识别[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):146-152.TAN Yudong,LI Xinran,CAI Ye,et al.Critical node identification for complex power grid based on electrical distance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):146-152.
[17] 王锡凡,方万良,杜正春.现代电力系统分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:425-427.
[18] 李欣然,贺仁睦,章健,等.负荷特性对电力系统静态电压稳定性的影响及静态电压稳定性广义实用判据[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(4):26-30.LI Xinran,HE Renmu,ZHANG Jian,et al.Effect of load characte-ristics on power system stead-state voltage stability and the practical criterion of voltage stability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(4):26-30.
[2] MEDANIC J,ILIC-SPONG M,CHRISTENSEN J.Discrete models of slow voltage dynamics for under load tap-changing transformer coordination[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1987,2(4):873-880.
[3] OHTSUKI H,YOKOYAMA A,SEKINE Y.Reverse action of on-load tap changer in association with voltage collapse[J].Power Engineering Review IEEE,1991,6(1):300-306.
[4] 黄俊杰,李晓明.基于动态模型的无触点有载调压系统[J].电力自动化设备,2011,31(8):52-57.HUANG Junjie,LI Xiaoming.Contactor-less OLTC system based on dynamic model[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2011,31(8):52-57.
[5] 赵建伟,严正,徐潇源,等.戴维南等值参数时域仿真跟踪算法分析与改进[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(7):115-122.ZHAO Jianwei,YAN Zheng,XU Xiaoyuan,et al.Analysis and improvement of Thevenin equivalent parameter tracking based on time-domain simulation[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(7):115-122.
[6] 周念成,苏宇,王强钢,等.基于IGBT的配电变压器有载调压开关参数设计及分析[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(7):35-42.ZHOU Niancheng,SU Yu,WANG Qianggang,et al.Parameter design and analysis of IGBT-based on-load tap changers for distribution transformer[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(7):35-42.
[7] 张靖,文劲宇,程时杰,等.电力系统电压稳定性的平衡点分析方法[J].电网技术,2006,30(10):13-17.ZHANG Jing,WEN Jinyu,CHENG Shijie,et al.Analysis of power system voltage stability with equilibrium points[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(10):13-17.
[8] 艾琳,姜彤,杨以涵.基于节点导纳矩阵形式的在线电压稳定分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(22):51-56.AI Lin,JIANG Tong,YANG Yihan.On-line voltage stability analysis based on bus admittance matrix form[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(22):51-56.
[9] ZHU T X,TSO S K,LO K L.An investigation into the OLTC effects on voltage collapse[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2000,15(2):515-521.
[10] 彭志炜,胡国根,韩帧祥.有载调压变压器调整对电力系统电压稳定性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,1998,18(6):408-412.PENG Zhiwei,HU Guogen,HAN Zhenxiang.The power system vol-tage stability affected by on-load tap changer[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1998,18(6):408-412.
[11] 段献忠,何仰赞,陈德树.有载调压变压器与电压稳定性关系的静态分析[J].电力系统自动化,1995,19(4):22-27.DUAN Xianzhong,HE Yangzan,CHEN Deshu.Static analysis of the relation between on-load tap changer and voltage stability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,1995,19(4):22-27.
[12] 王涛,张尚,顾雪平,等.电力系统运行状态的趋势辨识[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(24):171-180.WANG Tao,ZHANG Shang,GU Xueping,et al.Trends identification of power system operating states[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(24):171-180.
[13] 张学清,梁军,董晓明.基于累积指数的电网电压稳定性能的评估[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(7):235-241.ZHANG Xueqing,LIANG Jun,DONG Xiaoming.An assessment for voltage stability performance of power grid based on cumulating index[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(7):235-241.
[14] 刘光晔,施海亮,杨以涵.非解析复变电力系统电压稳定的动态分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(10):50-56.LIU Guangye,SHI Hailiang,YANG Yihan.Comprehensive dynamic analysis method for power system static voltage stability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(10):50-56.
[15] 刘光晔,杨以涵.电力系统电压稳定与功角稳定的统一分析原理[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(13):135-149.LIU Guangye,YANG Yihan.Theoretical foundation of power system voltage and angle stability unified analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(13):135-149.
[16] 谭玉东,李欣然,蔡晔,等.基于电气距离的复杂电网关键节点识别[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):146-152.TAN Yudong,LI Xinran,CAI Ye,et al.Critical node identification for complex power grid based on electrical distance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):146-152.
[17] 王锡凡,方万良,杜正春.现代电力系统分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:425-427.
[18] 李欣然,贺仁睦,章健,等.负荷特性对电力系统静态电压稳定性的影响及静态电压稳定性广义实用判据[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(4):26-30.LI Xinran,HE Renmu,ZHANG Jian,et al.Effect of load characte-ristics on power system stead-state voltage stability and the practical criterion of voltage stability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(4):26-30.