变压器交直流混杂运行励磁状态与构件损耗
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摘要
针对变压器交直流混杂运行导致的金属构件局部过热问题,研究变压器励磁特性与拉板损耗的关系。建立交直流混杂模式下的变压器电磁耦合状态方程,基于能量扰动原理计算动态电感与时域电流两个状态变量,在此基础上研究励磁电流辨识方法,利用励磁电流表征变压器励磁饱和状态。通过仿真模拟与实验对比验证该方法的正确性,进一步分析变压器在不同运行方式、直流水平及负载率时拉板的漏磁和涡流损耗分布,总结其变化规律并拟合励磁状态-构件损耗的数学模型,为变压器交直流混杂运行构件损耗计算提供新方法。结果表明,变压器运行于70%负载率时,拉板损耗随直流水平提高而增大,当直流水平达到空载电流2倍时,拉板损耗提升约3倍,易出现局部过热问题。
Aiming at the partial-overheating problem of metal components in transformer caused by AC/DC hybrid operation, the relationship between excitation characteristics and tie plate loss is studied. The electromagnetic coupling state equation of transformer is constructed in AC/DC hybrid mode. Then the dynamic inductance and time-domain current named as state variables are calculated based on energy disturbance principle. Thereafter, the excitation current identification method is studied to present the excitation saturation state. And this method is proved by comparing simulation with experiments. Furthermore, the leakage flux and eddy current loss in tie plate is simulated under different operation situation. Summarizing the variation rule of abnormal feature, the mathematical model of the excitation-loss is fitted, which will be a new way for calculation of components loss in AC/DC hybrid operation. The results show that tie plate loss increases with DC level raising when the transformer operates at 70% load, and its loss increases by about 3 times when DC level is two times as high as the no-load current, which causes the problem of local overheating easily.
Aiming at the partial-overheating problem of metal components in transformer caused by AC/DC hybrid operation, the relationship between excitation characteristics and tie plate loss is studied. The electromagnetic coupling state equation of transformer is constructed in AC/DC hybrid mode. Then the dynamic inductance and time-domain current named as state variables are calculated based on energy disturbance principle. Thereafter, the excitation current identification method is studied to present the excitation saturation state. And this method is proved by comparing simulation with experiments. Furthermore, the leakage flux and eddy current loss in tie plate is simulated under different operation situation. Summarizing the variation rule of abnormal feature, the mathematical model of the excitation-loss is fitted, which will be a new way for calculation of components loss in AC/DC hybrid operation. The results show that tie plate loss increases with DC level raising when the transformer operates at 70% load, and its loss increases by about 3 times when DC level is two times as high as the no-load current, which causes the problem of local overheating easily.
引文
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[19]潘超,孟涛,王梦纯,等.交直流混合模式下变压器动态电感参数辨识方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6315-6321.PAN Chao,MENG Tao,WANG Mengchun,et al.Identification of dynamic inductance for transformer under AC-DC hybrid mode[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6315-6321.
[20]王洋,刘志珍.基于Jiles Atherton磁滞理论的直流偏磁下铁心损耗预测[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1):313-323.WANG Yang,LIU Zhizhen.The forecasting method of core loss under DC bias based on the Jiles Atherton hysteresis theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(1):313-323.
[2]潘超,金明权,蔡国伟,等.基于变压器励磁电流辨识的直流失稳与抑制策略[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(18):4267-4276.PAN Chao,JIN Mingquan,CAI Guowei,et al.DC instability and suppression strategy of transformer based on exciting-current identification[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(18):4267-4276.
[3]刘春明,王璇,刘连光,等.考虑海岸效应影响的电网地磁感应电流的计算方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(22):6059-6066.LIU Chunming,WANG Xuan,LIU Lianguang,et al.Calculation method of geomagnetically induced currents in the power grid considering the influence of the coast effect[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(22):6059-6066.
[4]PAN Z H,WANG X M,TAN B,et al.Potential compensation method for restraining the DC bias of transformers during HVDC monopolar operation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(1):103-111.
[5]刘春明,黄彩臣,潘明明,等.抑制变压器直流偏磁的电容隔直装置优化配置[J].高电压技术,2016,42(7):2308-2314.LIU Chunming,HUANG Caichen,PAN Mingming,et al.Optimal configuration of capacitor blocking devices for suppressing DC bias in transformers[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(7):2308-2314.
[6]林湘宁,杨国稳,翁汉琍,等.直流偏磁下变压器无功消耗增多对系统电压的影响分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):272-278.LIN Xiangning,YANG Guowen,WENG Hanli,et al.Analysis of system voltage impact by transformer reactive power consumption increased under DC bias[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):272-278.
[7]KOSAI H,TURGUT Z,BIXEL T,et al.Performance comparison of finemet and metglas tape cores under non-sinusoidal waveforms with DC bias[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2016,52(7):1-4.
[8]WANG S B,LI L,ZHAO X J,et al.Asymmetrical DC bias analysis of the no-load series transformer by using the TPFEM[J].IET Electric Power Applications,2017,11(2):169-177.
[9]李龙女,李岩,井永腾,等.电力变压器漏磁场与杂散损耗计算的研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(增刊2):122-127.LI Longnü,LI Yan,JING Yongteng,et al.Research of leakage magnetic field and stray loss calculation in power transformer[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(Supplement2):122-127.
[10]YANG Y M,LIU X M,DUAN X,et al.Analysis for temperature rise of a three-phase four limbs transformer by soil structure with DC bias[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2015,30(14):208-214.
[11]赵志刚,程志光,刘福贵,等.基于漏磁补偿的变压器结构件损耗与磁通分布研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(6):1666-1674.ZHAO Zhigang,CHENG Zhiguang,LIU Fugui,et al.Research of structure loss and flux distribution of transformer based on leakage flux compensator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(6):1666-1674.
[12]廖才波,阮江军,刘超,等.油浸式变压器三维电磁-流体-温度场耦合分析方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(9):150-155.LIAO Caibo,RUAN Jiangjun,LIU Chao,et al.Comprehensive analysis of 3-D electromagnetic-fluid-thermal fieldsof oil-immersed transformer[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(9):150-155.
[13]李长云,刘亚魁.直流偏磁条件下变压器铁心磁化特性的Jiles-Atherton修正模型[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(19):193-201.LI Changyun,LIU Yakui.Modified Jiles-Atherton model of transformer iron core magnetization characteristics with DC Bias[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(19):193-201.
[14]潘超,王泽忠,李海龙,等.基于瞬态场路耦合模型的变压器直流偏磁计算[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(5):174-181.PAN Chao,WANG Zezhong,LI Hailong,et al.DC-bias calculation for single phase transformers based on transient field-circuit coupled model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(5):174-181.
[15]索南加乐,许立强,焦在滨,等.基于磁路特征的三相三柱式变压器励磁参数识别[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(19):97-104.SUONAN Jiale,XU Liqiang,JIAO Zaibin,et al.Identification method for excitation inductances of three-phase three-limb transformer based on characteristics of magnetic circuit[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(19):97-104.
[16]熊兰,赵艳龙,杨子康,等.树脂浇注干式变压器温升分析与计算[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):265-271.XIONG Lan,ZHAO Yanlong,YANG Zikang,et al.Temperature rise analysis and calculation of cast resin dry-type transformers[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):265-271.
[17]LIU C M,LIU L G,PIRJOLA R.Geomagnetically induced currents in the high-voltagepower grid in China[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,24(4):2368-2374.
[18]刘曲.高压直流输电系统单极大地运行时地中电流分布的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2007:4-6.LIU Qu.Research on current distribution during monopolar operation of HVDC systems with ground return[D].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University,2007:4-6.
[19]潘超,孟涛,王梦纯,等.交直流混合模式下变压器动态电感参数辨识方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6315-6321.PAN Chao,MENG Tao,WANG Mengchun,et al.Identification of dynamic inductance for transformer under AC-DC hybrid mode[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6315-6321.
[20]王洋,刘志珍.基于Jiles Atherton磁滞理论的直流偏磁下铁心损耗预测[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1):313-323.WANG Yang,LIU Zhizhen.The forecasting method of core loss under DC bias based on the Jiles Atherton hysteresis theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(1):313-323.