南海中南部鸢乌贼中型群与微型群形态指标的分析比较
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摘要
为了深入认识南海鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)各形态指标与胴长之间的关系,本研究使用254尾微型群个体和3 183尾中型群个体的胴长(ML)、右第一腕长(AL1)、右第二腕长(AL2)、右第三腕长(AL3)、右第四腕长(AL4)、右触腕长(TL)、鳍长(FL)和鳍宽(FW)等形态指标,通过线性、幂和指数等函数模型拟合筛选获得能够反映不同种群雌性和雄性个体各形态指标与胴长关系的最佳模型。建立了以胴长为自变量、各形态指标作为因变量的回归方程。通过赤池信息量准则对模型拟合结果进行检验,结果表明,2个种群雌、雄个体各形态指标和胴长的最优拟合模型都以幂函数曲线模型为主。采用幂函数模型对2个种群各形态性状和胴长关系进行比较发现,中型群雌性与微型群雌性AL1、AL2、AL3、TL、FL与ML的关系式中幂指数差异显著(P<0.05),中型群雌性与微型群雌性AL1、AL2、AL3、AL4、TL、FL、FW与ML的关系式中常数项差异显著(P<0.05);中型群雄性与微型群雄性AL1、AL2、AL3、AL4、TL、FL、FW与ML的关系式中常数项差异显著(P<0.05)。各性状指标随性腺成熟度的增加而增加明显,且雌性增加值大于雄性,中型群增加值大于微型群。鳍长与鳍宽的分析结果表明,2个种群鳍长鳍宽比随鳍长的变化具有差异,且在雄性个体中差异更加明显。综上研究结果表明,南海鸢乌贼个体的形态指标在种群间和性别间存在显著性差异,且各性状指标随性腺成熟度的增加而产生的变化在种群间和性别间也存在差异,对于鸢乌贼的种群鉴别和生物学研究具有一定的参考意义。
In order to know the relationship between mantle length and the other morphometric indicators in the purple flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,the morphological indicators including Mantle Length(ML),Arm Length-I(AL1),Arm Length-Ⅱ(AL2),Arm Length-Ⅲ(AL3),Arm Length-Ⅳ(AL4),Tentacle Length(TL),Fin Length(FL)and Fin Width(FW)of 254 individuals of dwarf form and 3 183 individuals of medium form of S.oualaniensis were measured in this study.The best models for female and male individuals reflecting the relationship between each morphometric indicator and ML were obtained through model fitting screening by linear model,power and exponential and other functional models,respectively.We established the regression equation with morphometric indicators as variables and ML as the dependent variable and calculated the direct and indirect path coefficient and the coefficient of determination.The results of the model fitting test were carried out by the Akaike information criterion.The results showed that the best model fitted for most male and female individuals of two forms was power function.Through comparing two forms power function between mantle length and the other morphometric indicators,the result showed that:Significant differences of coefficient in AL1-ML,AL2-ML,AL3-ML,TL-ML,FL-ML and power exponent in AL1-ML,AL2-ML,AL3-ML,AL4-ML,TL-ML,FL-ML were identified between the female of medium and dwarf forms(P<0.05).Significant differences of coefficient in AL1-ML,AL2-ML,AL3-ML,AL4-ML,TL-ML,FL-ML,FW-ML were identified and power exponent in AL1-ML,AL2-ML,AL3-ML,AL4-ML,TL-ML,FLML,FW-ML were not identified between the male of medium and dwarf forms(P<0.05).It is shown that the length of all morphometric indicators increased obviously with the elevation of gonadal maturity,the average rate of female is bigger than male,and the average rate of medium form is bigger than dwarf form.The analysis of fin length and fin width showed that the ratio of fin length and fin width is different with the increasing of fin length between medium and dwarf forms,and the difference is more obvious in male individuals.These results confirm that Significant differences in morphometric indicators between the medium and dwarf forms of males and females were found,and With the growth of gonadal maturity,there were significant differences in morphometric indicators between the medium and dwarf forms of males and females,which can provide a reference for distinguishing the different populations and biological research of S.oualaniensis.
In order to know the relationship between mantle length and the other morphometric indicators in the purple flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,the morphological indicators including Mantle Length(ML),Arm Length-I(AL1),Arm Length-Ⅱ(AL2),Arm Length-Ⅲ(AL3),Arm Length-Ⅳ(AL4),Tentacle Length(TL),Fin Length(FL)and Fin Width(FW)of 254 individuals of dwarf form and 3 183 individuals of medium form of S.oualaniensis were measured in this study.The best models for female and male individuals reflecting the relationship between each morphometric indicator and ML were obtained through model fitting screening by linear model,power and exponential and other functional models,respectively.We established the regression equation with morphometric indicators as variables and ML as the dependent variable and calculated the direct and indirect path coefficient and the coefficient of determination.The results of the model fitting test were carried out by the Akaike information criterion.The results showed that the best model fitted for most male and female individuals of two forms was power function.Through comparing two forms power function between mantle length and the other morphometric indicators,the result showed that:Significant differences of coefficient in AL1-ML,AL2-ML,AL3-ML,TL-ML,FL-ML and power exponent in AL1-ML,AL2-ML,AL3-ML,AL4-ML,TL-ML,FL-ML were identified between the female of medium and dwarf forms(P<0.05).Significant differences of coefficient in AL1-ML,AL2-ML,AL3-ML,AL4-ML,TL-ML,FL-ML,FW-ML were identified and power exponent in AL1-ML,AL2-ML,AL3-ML,AL4-ML,TL-ML,FLML,FW-ML were not identified between the male of medium and dwarf forms(P<0.05).It is shown that the length of all morphometric indicators increased obviously with the elevation of gonadal maturity,the average rate of female is bigger than male,and the average rate of medium form is bigger than dwarf form.The analysis of fin length and fin width showed that the ratio of fin length and fin width is different with the increasing of fin length between medium and dwarf forms,and the difference is more obvious in male individuals.These results confirm that Significant differences in morphometric indicators between the medium and dwarf forms of males and females were found,and With the growth of gonadal maturity,there were significant differences in morphometric indicators between the medium and dwarf forms of males and females,which can provide a reference for distinguishing the different populations and biological research of S.oualaniensis.
引文
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[22]贡艺.基于内壳稳定同位素信息的秘鲁外海茎柔鱼摄食与洄游研究[D].上海海洋大学,2015.Yi Gong.The Study on Foraging Strategies and Migration Patterns of Jumbo Squid(Dosidicus gigas)off Peru Based on the Stable Isotopic Information in Gladius[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2015.
[23]江艳娥,张鹏,林昭进,等.南海外海鸢乌贼耳石形态特征分析[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(5):27-37.Jiang Y E,Zhang P,Lin Z J,et al,2015.Statolith morphology of purpleback flying squid(Sthenoeuthis oualaniensis)in the offshore south china sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(5):27-37.
[24] Chen X J,Liu B L,Tian S Q,et al.Fishery biology of purpleback squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,in the northwest Indian Ocean[J].Fisheries Research,2007,83(1):98-104.
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[26] Bizikov V A.Growth of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,using a new method based on gladius microstructure[C]//ICES Marine Science Symposia.Copenhagen,Denmark:International Council for the Exploration of the Sea,1995,199:445-458.
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[2] Basir S.Biological feature of an oceanic squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the South China Sea,Area III:Western Philippines[C].//Proceedings of the SEAFDEC Seminar on Fishery Resources in the South China Sea,Area III:Western Philippines.Malaysia.2000:135-147.
[3]陈新军,刘必林,王尧耕.世界头足类[M].北京:海洋出版社,2009.Chen X J,Liu B L,Wang Y G.The World Cephalopods[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2009.
[4] Nesis K N.Population structure of oceanic ommastrephids,with particular reference to Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis:A review[J].Recent Advances in Cephalopod Fisheries Biology,1993:375-383.
[5]刘金立.利用形态学和RAPD方法鉴定印度洋西北部海域鸢乌贼的种群结构[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2006.Liu J L.Identifying Population Structure in the Northwestern Indian Ocean Using Morphological and RAPD Analysis of the Purpleback Flying Squid Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2006.
[6]张鹏,晏磊,杨炳忠,等.春季南沙海域鸢乌贼种群结构特征的研究[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(5):11-19.Zhang P,Yan L,Yang B Z,et al.Population structure of purpleback flying squid(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)in Nansha area in spring[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(5):11-19.
[7]颜云榕,冯波,卢伙胜,等.南沙群岛北部海域鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)夏季渔业生物学研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(6):1177-1187.Yan Y R,Feng B,Lu H S,et al.Fishery biology of purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in northern sea areas around nansha islands in summer[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2012,43(6):1177-1187.
[8]李朋.南海鸢乌贼的种群遗传结构[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.Li P.Population Genetic Structure of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in South China Sea[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2014.
[9] Wang X H,Qiu Y S,Zhang P,et al.Natural mortality estimation and rational exploitation of purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the southern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2017,35(4):1-10.
[10]张宇美,颜云榕,卢伙胜,等.西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼摄食与繁殖生物学初步研究[J].广东海洋大学学报,2013,33(3):56-64.Zhang Y M,Yan Y R,Lu H S,et al.Study on feeding and reproduction biology of purple flying squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the Western South China Sea[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2013,33(3):56-64.
[11]颜云榕,易木荣,冯波,等.南海鸢乌贼3个地理群体形态差异与判别分析[J].广东海洋大学学报,2015,35(3):43-50.Yan Y R,Yi M R,Feng B,et al.Morphological variations and discriminant analysis of three different geographic cohorts of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2015,35(3):43-50.
[12]张俊,陈国宝,张鹏,等.基于渔业声学和灯光罩网的南海中南部鸢乌贼资源评估[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(4):822-831.Zhang J,Chen G B,Zhang P,et al.Estimation of purpleback flying squid(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)resource in the central and southern South China Sea based on fisheries acoustics and lightfalling net[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2014,21(4):822-831.
[13]范江涛,张俊,冯雪,等.基于栖息地模型的南沙海域鸢乌贼渔情预报研究[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(5):20-26.Fan J T,Zhang J,Feng X,et al.Fishery forecast research of purpleback flying squid in Nansha area based on Habitat model[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(5):20-26.
[14] Wu Y Y,Shen Y,Huang H,et al.Trace element accumulation and tissue distribution in the purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis from the central and southern South China Sea[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2016,175(1):1-9.
[15] Jiang Y E,Chen Z Z,Zhang P,et al.Statolith Morphology of the Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the Central South China Sea[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2015,7(5):30-35.
[16] Chembian A J,Mathew S.Population structure of the purpleback squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis(Lesson,1830)along the southwest coast of India[J].Indian Journal of Fisheries,2014,61(3):20-28.
[17]朱凯,王雪辉,张鹏,等.南海南部鸢乌贼中型群与微型群形态学差异及其判别分析[J].热带海洋学报,2016,35(6):82-88.Zhu K,Wang X H,Zhang P,et al.A study on morphological variations and discrimination of medium and dwarf forms of purple flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the southern South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2016,35(6):82-88.
[18] Lin D,Chen X,Chen Y,et al.Sex-specific reproductive investment of summer spawners of Illex argentinus in the southwest Atlantic[J].Invertebrate Biology,2015,134(3):203-213.
[19] González A F,Castro B G,Guerra A.Age and growth of the short-finned squid Illex coindetii in Galician waters(NW Spain)based on statolith analysis[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science:Journal du Conseil,1996,53(5):802-810.
[20] Fang Z,Xu L,Chen X,et al.Beak growth pattern of purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the eastern tropical Pacific equatorial waters[J].Fisheries Science,2015,81(3):443-452.
[21]范江涛,邱永松,陈作志,等.南海鸢乌贼两个群体间角质颚形态差异分析[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(10):42-49.Fan J T,Qiu Y S,Chen Z Z,et al.Morphological difference of the beak between two stocks of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis inhabiting South China Sea[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015,45(10):42-49.
[22]贡艺.基于内壳稳定同位素信息的秘鲁外海茎柔鱼摄食与洄游研究[D].上海海洋大学,2015.Yi Gong.The Study on Foraging Strategies and Migration Patterns of Jumbo Squid(Dosidicus gigas)off Peru Based on the Stable Isotopic Information in Gladius[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2015.
[23]江艳娥,张鹏,林昭进,等.南海外海鸢乌贼耳石形态特征分析[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(5):27-37.Jiang Y E,Zhang P,Lin Z J,et al,2015.Statolith morphology of purpleback flying squid(Sthenoeuthis oualaniensis)in the offshore south china sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(5):27-37.
[24] Chen X J,Liu B L,Tian S Q,et al.Fishery biology of purpleback squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,in the northwest Indian Ocean[J].Fisheries Research,2007,83(1):98-104.
[25] Liu B L,Chen X J,Chen Y,et al.Determination of squid age using upper beak rostrum sections:Technique improvement and comparison with the statolith[J].Marine Biology,2015,162(8):1685-1693.
[26] Bizikov V A.Growth of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,using a new method based on gladius microstructure[C]//ICES Marine Science Symposia.Copenhagen,Denmark:International Council for the Exploration of the Sea,1995,199:445-458.
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