基于DEA-Tobit模型的农业综合开发投入产出效果地区差异研究
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摘要
全国各省区由于自然资源禀赋和社会经济状况不同,农业综合开发项目的投入产出效率也存在一定的差异,在财政支农资金有限的情况下,研究不同地区农发项目的投入产出效率、分析原因并促进支农资金向资金高效利用区转移意义重大。笔者以该视角为研究起点,运用DEA-Tobit模型实证分析2006—2015年农发项目投入产出效率的地区差异,并研究效率的影响因素。结果表明:10年间综合效率不断提高,2015年均值大于0.9,农发项目能够在一定的条件下实现受益归宿的效率与公平兼备,并且样本各省区呈现"中部最高、西部次之、东部较低"的效率分布格局;2015年,纯技术有效地区占样本省份的83.87%,除北京、辽宁、四川、贵州、新疆外其余地区均达到技术有效水平,规模有效地区占样本省份的70.97%,效率较差的地区主要分布在北京、辽宁、广东等经济发达省份以及四川、云南、贵州、西藏、甘肃、新疆西部省份;人均地方财政支出水平及农林牧渔业从业人员占总人口的比重是影响农发项目投入产出效率的2个重要因素。最后,提出了优化农发项目布局及缩小地区效率差异的政策建议。
The input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects in each province and autonomous region in China was different due to different natural resources endowments and socioeconomic conditions. It is of certain significance to calculate the input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects in different regions, analyze the reasons and promote the agricultural supporting funds to transfer to the higher efficient areas under the limited financial support for agriculture. Based on the above perspectives, this paper used DEA-Tobit model to empirically analyze the regional differences in input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects from 2006 to 2015 and studied the factors affecting the efficiency. The results showed that the comprehensive efficiency increased during the ten years, and the average value in 2015 was greater than 0.9. The project of agricultural development could meet the efficiency and fairness of benefiting and returning to the destination under certain conditions. The sample provinces and autonomous regions showed"central was the highest, western was lower, eastern was the lowest"efficiency distribution pattern. In 2015,pure-technically effective areas accounted for 83.87% of the total sample provinces, except Beijing, Liaoning,Sichuan, Guizhou and Xinjiang, all the other sample regions reached the technical effective level. The effective scale areas accounted for 70.97% of the sample provinces, the areas with poor efficiency were mainly in economically developed provinces such as Beijing, Liaoning and Guangdong, as well as in western provinces and autonomous regions like Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Gansu and Xinjiang; the average level of per local government expenditure and the share of the total population were the two important factors that affect the inputoptimize the layout of agricultural development projects and to reduce the difference in regional efficiency.
The input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects in each province and autonomous region in China was different due to different natural resources endowments and socioeconomic conditions. It is of certain significance to calculate the input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects in different regions, analyze the reasons and promote the agricultural supporting funds to transfer to the higher efficient areas under the limited financial support for agriculture. Based on the above perspectives, this paper used DEA-Tobit model to empirically analyze the regional differences in input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects from 2006 to 2015 and studied the factors affecting the efficiency. The results showed that the comprehensive efficiency increased during the ten years, and the average value in 2015 was greater than 0.9. The project of agricultural development could meet the efficiency and fairness of benefiting and returning to the destination under certain conditions. The sample provinces and autonomous regions showed"central was the highest, western was lower, eastern was the lowest"efficiency distribution pattern. In 2015,pure-technically effective areas accounted for 83.87% of the total sample provinces, except Beijing, Liaoning,Sichuan, Guizhou and Xinjiang, all the other sample regions reached the technical effective level. The effective scale areas accounted for 70.97% of the sample provinces, the areas with poor efficiency were mainly in economically developed provinces such as Beijing, Liaoning and Guangdong, as well as in western provinces and autonomous regions like Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Gansu and Xinjiang; the average level of per local government expenditure and the share of the total population were the two important factors that affect the inputoptimize the layout of agricultural development projects and to reduce the difference in regional efficiency.
引文
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[18]厉伟,姜玲等.基于三阶段DEA模型的我国省级财政支农绩效分析[J].华中农业大学学报,2014(1):69-77
[19]李俊杰,李建平.区域产业发展视角的农业综合开发影响评估-基于对蔬菜产业的干预效应分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(1):199-206,215.
[20]侯石安.中国财政农业投入的目标选择与政策优化[J].农业经济问题,2004(3):40-43.
[21]唐沿源.非对称地方财政竞争-对资本的争夺使地方财政支出更具有生产性吗[J].云南财经大学学报,2016,32(5):3-16.
[22] Banker R D, Chames A, Cooper W W. Some models for estimatingtechnical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science,1984(30):1078-1092.
[23]何利辉.中美农业综合开发比较分析[J].世界农业,2005(1):23-26.
[24]唐辉远.农业生态环境治理与可持续发展[J].长江流域资源与环境,2001(3):248-251.
[25]张雄,张安录,闵敏.湖北省农地城市流转效率及其影响因素[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(3):146-151.
[26] CharnesA, Cooper W W, Rhodes E. Measuring the Efficiency ofDecision Making Units. European[J]. Journal of OperationalResearch,1978,2:429-444.
[2]国家财政部.中国财政年鉴[J].北京:中国财政杂志社,2006—2015.
[3]王金安.农业综合开发制度创新的理论透视[J].中国农村经济,2000(2):21-25.
[4]樊继红,郭东清,贾利,等.农业综合开发投资绩效评价初探[J].农业经济问题,2006(5):55-57.
[5]郭海丽,王礼力,李敏.农业综合开发产业化经营项目投资绩效评价——基于灰色综合关联度的分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2012,12(5):53-60.
[6]田祥宇,孔荣.农业综合开发产业化经营项目投资绩效分析——基于农民收入促进作用的视角[J].财政研究,2010(7):64-67.
[7]邢珺,杜本.农业综合开发产业化经营项目投资绩效分析——基于农业GDP贡献的视角[J].会计之友,2010(9):59-61.
[8]万伦来,周莹,高翔.中国农业综合开发产业化经营财政支出的受益归宿分析——来自1997—2011年安徽省农业综合开发产业化经营的经验证据[J].中国农村经济,2013(12):60-71.
[9]崔元锋,严立冬.基于DEA的财政农业支出资金绩效评价[J].农业经济问题,2006(9):37-40,79.
[10]李燕凌.基于DEA-Tobit模型的财政支农效率分析——以湖南省为例[J].中国农村经济,2008(9):52-62.
[11]汪文雄,余利红,刘凌览,等.农地整治效率评价研究——基于标杆管理和DEA模型[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(6):103-113.
[12]贺正楚,翟欢欢.基于DEA三阶段模型的两型农业生产效率——以湖南省为例[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2011(4):395-400.
[13]刘安学,张莹,陈晓茹.基于DEA的农业综合开发财政支出效率省际差异分析[J].西安财经学院学报,2014,27(5):78-84.
[14]俞雅乖.我国农田水利财政支出效率的省际差异分析[J].农业经济问题,2013(4):55-63.
[15] Timothy Jcoelli, PrasadaRao D S, Christopher J. o'Donnell,等.效率和生产率分析导论(第2版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009:114-132.
[16]李祥云,陈建伟.我国财政农业支出的规模、结构与绩效评估[J].农业经济问题,2010(8):20-25.
[17]林江鹏,樊小璞.我国财政农业投入产出效率研究——以农业综合开发中的土地治理项目为例[J].经济学家,2009(8):31-36.
[18]厉伟,姜玲等.基于三阶段DEA模型的我国省级财政支农绩效分析[J].华中农业大学学报,2014(1):69-77
[19]李俊杰,李建平.区域产业发展视角的农业综合开发影响评估-基于对蔬菜产业的干预效应分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(1):199-206,215.
[20]侯石安.中国财政农业投入的目标选择与政策优化[J].农业经济问题,2004(3):40-43.
[21]唐沿源.非对称地方财政竞争-对资本的争夺使地方财政支出更具有生产性吗[J].云南财经大学学报,2016,32(5):3-16.
[22] Banker R D, Chames A, Cooper W W. Some models for estimatingtechnical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science,1984(30):1078-1092.
[23]何利辉.中美农业综合开发比较分析[J].世界农业,2005(1):23-26.
[24]唐辉远.农业生态环境治理与可持续发展[J].长江流域资源与环境,2001(3):248-251.
[25]张雄,张安录,闵敏.湖北省农地城市流转效率及其影响因素[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(3):146-151.
[26] CharnesA, Cooper W W, Rhodes E. Measuring the Efficiency ofDecision Making Units. European[J]. Journal of OperationalResearch,1978,2:429-444.