年份气温差异对野生型和转OsPIN1a基因水稻胚乳发育及种子萌发的影响
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摘要
为了探讨孕穗和灌浆期高温对水稻胚乳发育和种子萌发影响及Os PIN1a在高温下的作用,以超表达Os PIN1a和野生型水稻为材料,分别比较高温年份(2013年)和正常年景(2014年)下稻穗的相对含水量、结实率及种子的千粒重、发芽率、发芽势和胚乳细胞充实程度等。结果显示:2种水稻的稻穗相对含水量均呈现出开花前最高、盛花当天最低、花后再增加的规律;高温胁迫年份显著降低稻穗相对含水量、结实率,还降低了种子的千粒重、发芽势、发芽率、淀粉酶活性及子代乳苗根系活力;正常年景下,水稻淀粉体排列紧密,淀粉粒呈规则的多面体,而高温胁迫年份下淀粉体发育不良,出现圆形或不规则的多面体;在高温年份下,转基因水稻稻穗相对含水量、结实率、TCC还原力以及胚乳充实程度均高于野生型。试验表明,高温胁迫引起稻穗水分胁迫,使水稻胚乳发育不良,充实程度降低并影响种子萌发;超表达Os PIN1a的水稻在孕穗期与灌浆期对高温胁迫的耐性优于野生型。本研究可为解析高温胁迫对水稻胚乳发育影响及Os PIN1a基因作用提供理论依据。
To analyze the effects of high temperature stress at heading and booting stages on development of rice endosperm and seed germination characteristics in different years,and the function of Os PIN1 a. Two rice cultivars of wild-type rice Zhonghua 11 and Over-expression Os PIN1a( Indica) were used in this study. Relative water content in ears,seeds setting percent, seed 1000- grains weight, germination rate, germination energy, the structure of endosperm cells and some physiological parameters relate to seedling growth were observed to compare high temperature( 2013) and normal temperature( 2014). Results showed that the relative water content in ears of rice from the time of heading to booting was high before flowering,and then low in that day of flowering,but after flowering the relative water content was increased to high content,high temperature stress significantly decreased the relative water content from the time of heading to booing,especially in that day of flowering. High temperature stress significantly decreased seedsetting percent and 1000- grains weight,germination rate,germination energy,the activitles of amylase and offspring seedling root. Starch granules accumulated in endosperm cells stacked densely and showed a regular polyhedral shape under normal temperature. However,accumulation process of starch in endosperm cells was delayed and starch granules did not show regular shape in high temperature stress. However,the relative water content in ears,seed-setting percent,endosperm development,TCC reduced power in primary root of Over-expression Os PIN1 awere higher and better than wild type rice under high temperature stress. It was suggested that high temperature stress caused to water stress of rice spike,and affected endosperm development and seeds germination. In addition,over-expression the gene of Os PIN1 a gene can decrease high temperature stress during the stages of heading and booting and promote seed germination. This study can provide scientific and reasonable basis for that high temperature stress how to effect the development of rice endosperm,seed germination and the function of Os PIN1 a.
To analyze the effects of high temperature stress at heading and booting stages on development of rice endosperm and seed germination characteristics in different years,and the function of Os PIN1 a. Two rice cultivars of wild-type rice Zhonghua 11 and Over-expression Os PIN1a( Indica) were used in this study. Relative water content in ears,seeds setting percent, seed 1000- grains weight, germination rate, germination energy, the structure of endosperm cells and some physiological parameters relate to seedling growth were observed to compare high temperature( 2013) and normal temperature( 2014). Results showed that the relative water content in ears of rice from the time of heading to booting was high before flowering,and then low in that day of flowering,but after flowering the relative water content was increased to high content,high temperature stress significantly decreased the relative water content from the time of heading to booing,especially in that day of flowering. High temperature stress significantly decreased seedsetting percent and 1000- grains weight,germination rate,germination energy,the activitles of amylase and offspring seedling root. Starch granules accumulated in endosperm cells stacked densely and showed a regular polyhedral shape under normal temperature. However,accumulation process of starch in endosperm cells was delayed and starch granules did not show regular shape in high temperature stress. However,the relative water content in ears,seed-setting percent,endosperm development,TCC reduced power in primary root of Over-expression Os PIN1 awere higher and better than wild type rice under high temperature stress. It was suggested that high temperature stress caused to water stress of rice spike,and affected endosperm development and seeds germination. In addition,over-expression the gene of Os PIN1 a gene can decrease high temperature stress during the stages of heading and booting and promote seed germination. This study can provide scientific and reasonable basis for that high temperature stress how to effect the development of rice endosperm,seed germination and the function of Os PIN1 a.
引文
[1]徐小健,李波,刘思言,张桂莲.抽穗期高温胁迫对水稻开花习性及结实率的影响[J].杂交水稻,2014,29(2):57-62
[2]曹云英,段骅,杨立年,王志琴,周少川,杨建昌.减数分裂期高温胁迫对耐热性不同水稻品种产量的影响及其生理原因[J].作物学报,2008,34(12):2134-2142
[3]任昌福,张洪松.高温对杂交水稻开花结实的影响[J].西南农学院学报,1984,6(1):25-25
[4]熊飞,王忠,陈刚,王珏.不同籼稻颖果发育及其结构与品质性状[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(1):43-46
[5]周建霞,张玉屏,朱德峰,林贤青,向镜,陈惠哲,胡声博.高温下水稻开花习性对受精率的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(3):297-303
[6]段素梅,杨安中,黄义德,吴文革,许有尊,陈刚.干旱胁迫对水稻生长、生理特性和产量的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(6):1124-1132
[7]彭小松,昌兰,王方,欧阳林娟,贺晓鹏,傅军如,陈小荣,刘琚珥,贺浩华.籼粳杂种后代支链淀粉结构及其与稻米糊化特性相关性分析[J].核农学报,2014,28(7):1219-1225
[8]李栋梁,李小刚,顾蕴洁,王忠.不同类型水稻品种胚乳发育的研究[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(19):3757-3768
[9]Mo Y,Liang G,Shi W,Xie J.Metabolic responses of alfalfa(Medicago Sativa L.)leaves to low and high temperature-induced stresses[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(7):1117-1124
[10]董明辉,赵步洪,吴翔宙,陈涛,杨建昌.水稻结实期不同粒位籽粒相关内源激素含量和关键酶活性的差异及其与品质的关系[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):370-380
[11]鄂志国,王磊.水稻中生长素作用的分子机理研究进展[J].核农学报,2011,25(4):730-735
[12]胥华伟,莫亿伟,史国安,金文龙,王忠.OsP IN1a基因在水稻根负向光性中的作用初探[J].中国水稻科学,2013,27(5):466-472
[13]宋丽珍,王逸,杨青华,程佑发.生长素在植物胚胎早期发育中的作用[J].植物学报,2013,48(4):371-380
[14]赵亚波,卜贤盼,李培纲,王路蝉,陈晶晶,莫亿伟.OsP IN1a基因在水稻植株不同组织表达与定位研究[J].生物技术,2014,24(1):27-32
[15]Yang J,Zhang J,Wang Z,Zhu Q.Hormones in the grains in relation to sink strength and post anthesis development of spikelets in rice[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2003,41(3):185-195
[16]陈义芳,顾蕴洁,王忠.四个不同粒重水稻品种颖果发育的比较[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(4):405-413
[17]冯九焕,卢永根,刘向东,徐雪宾.水稻花粉发育过程及其分期[J].中国水稻科学,2001,15(1):22-29
[18]张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].第三版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003
[19]刘满希,王忠,吴小美,陈义芳,顾蕴洁.水稻胚乳游离核的分裂及其影响因素[J].中国水稻科学,2008,22(3):273-278
[20]张桂莲,张顺堂,肖浪涛,唐文帮,肖应辉,陈立云.抽穗开花期高温胁迫对水稻花药、花粉粒及柱头生理特性的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(2):155-166
[21]张彬,芮雯奕,郑建初,周博,杨飞.水稻开花期花粉活力和结实率对高温的响应特征[J].作物学报,2007,33(7):1177-1181
[22]李贤勇,李顺武,何永歆,王楚桃,黄中伦,钟世良.穗层自然高温对杂交水稻结实的影响[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(1):44-47
[23]田淑兰,王熹.IAA与亚种间杂交稻籽粒发育的关系及烯效唑的调节[J].中国水稻科学,1998,12(2):99-104
[24]赵步洪,张洪熙,朱庆森,杨建昌.两系杂交稻籽粒充实不良的成因及其与激素含量的关系[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(3):477-486
[25]黄升谋,邹应斌,敖和军.植物激素与谷类作物籽粒发育[J].植物生理学通讯,2007,43(1):184-188
[26]朱雪梅,邵继荣,杨文钰,任正隆.温度对杂交中籼稻灌浆期淀粉体发育及胚乳透明度的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(6):790-795
[27]Murai-Hatano M,Kuwagata T,Sakurai J,Nonami H,Ahamed A,Nagasuga K,Matsunami T,Fukushi K,Maeshima M,Okada M.Effect of low Root temperature on hydraulic conductivity of rice plants and the possible role of Aquaporins[J].Plant Cell and Physiology,2008,49(9):1294-1305
[28]王夏雯,王绍华,李刚华,王强盛,刘正辉,余翔,丁艳锋.氮素穗肥对水稻幼穗细胞分裂素和生长素浓度的影响及其与颖花发育的关系[J].作物学报,2008,34(12):2184-2189
[29]李经勇,唐永群,余官平,卢瑶,黄世龙,王光明.水稻后期功能叶内源激素与光合产物相关研究[J].西南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2004,26(2):203-205
[30]黄锦文,梁康迳,梁义元,林文雄.不同类型水稻籽粒灌浆过程内源激素含量变化的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(2):11-13
[31]段俊,田长恩,梁承邺,黄毓文,刘鸿先.水稻结实过程中穗不同部位谷粒中内源激素的动态变化[J].植物学报,1999,41(1):75-79
[32]陈惠哲,朱德峰,林贤青,张玉屏.杂交稻种子饱满度对发芽率、成苗率及秧苗生长的影响[J].福建农业学报,2004,19(2):65-67
[33]张桂莲,杨定照,张顺堂,陈立云.不同成熟度对水稻种子萌发及其生理特性的影响[J].植物生理学报,2012,48(3):272-276
[34]莫亿伟,王忠,梁国斌,钱善勤,陈刚,顾蕴洁.施氮处理对水稻子代乳苗素质的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(2):227-231
[2]曹云英,段骅,杨立年,王志琴,周少川,杨建昌.减数分裂期高温胁迫对耐热性不同水稻品种产量的影响及其生理原因[J].作物学报,2008,34(12):2134-2142
[3]任昌福,张洪松.高温对杂交水稻开花结实的影响[J].西南农学院学报,1984,6(1):25-25
[4]熊飞,王忠,陈刚,王珏.不同籼稻颖果发育及其结构与品质性状[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(1):43-46
[5]周建霞,张玉屏,朱德峰,林贤青,向镜,陈惠哲,胡声博.高温下水稻开花习性对受精率的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(3):297-303
[6]段素梅,杨安中,黄义德,吴文革,许有尊,陈刚.干旱胁迫对水稻生长、生理特性和产量的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(6):1124-1132
[7]彭小松,昌兰,王方,欧阳林娟,贺晓鹏,傅军如,陈小荣,刘琚珥,贺浩华.籼粳杂种后代支链淀粉结构及其与稻米糊化特性相关性分析[J].核农学报,2014,28(7):1219-1225
[8]李栋梁,李小刚,顾蕴洁,王忠.不同类型水稻品种胚乳发育的研究[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(19):3757-3768
[9]Mo Y,Liang G,Shi W,Xie J.Metabolic responses of alfalfa(Medicago Sativa L.)leaves to low and high temperature-induced stresses[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(7):1117-1124
[10]董明辉,赵步洪,吴翔宙,陈涛,杨建昌.水稻结实期不同粒位籽粒相关内源激素含量和关键酶活性的差异及其与品质的关系[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):370-380
[11]鄂志国,王磊.水稻中生长素作用的分子机理研究进展[J].核农学报,2011,25(4):730-735
[12]胥华伟,莫亿伟,史国安,金文龙,王忠.OsP IN1a基因在水稻根负向光性中的作用初探[J].中国水稻科学,2013,27(5):466-472
[13]宋丽珍,王逸,杨青华,程佑发.生长素在植物胚胎早期发育中的作用[J].植物学报,2013,48(4):371-380
[14]赵亚波,卜贤盼,李培纲,王路蝉,陈晶晶,莫亿伟.OsP IN1a基因在水稻植株不同组织表达与定位研究[J].生物技术,2014,24(1):27-32
[15]Yang J,Zhang J,Wang Z,Zhu Q.Hormones in the grains in relation to sink strength and post anthesis development of spikelets in rice[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2003,41(3):185-195
[16]陈义芳,顾蕴洁,王忠.四个不同粒重水稻品种颖果发育的比较[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(4):405-413
[17]冯九焕,卢永根,刘向东,徐雪宾.水稻花粉发育过程及其分期[J].中国水稻科学,2001,15(1):22-29
[18]张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].第三版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003
[19]刘满希,王忠,吴小美,陈义芳,顾蕴洁.水稻胚乳游离核的分裂及其影响因素[J].中国水稻科学,2008,22(3):273-278
[20]张桂莲,张顺堂,肖浪涛,唐文帮,肖应辉,陈立云.抽穗开花期高温胁迫对水稻花药、花粉粒及柱头生理特性的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(2):155-166
[21]张彬,芮雯奕,郑建初,周博,杨飞.水稻开花期花粉活力和结实率对高温的响应特征[J].作物学报,2007,33(7):1177-1181
[22]李贤勇,李顺武,何永歆,王楚桃,黄中伦,钟世良.穗层自然高温对杂交水稻结实的影响[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(1):44-47
[23]田淑兰,王熹.IAA与亚种间杂交稻籽粒发育的关系及烯效唑的调节[J].中国水稻科学,1998,12(2):99-104
[24]赵步洪,张洪熙,朱庆森,杨建昌.两系杂交稻籽粒充实不良的成因及其与激素含量的关系[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(3):477-486
[25]黄升谋,邹应斌,敖和军.植物激素与谷类作物籽粒发育[J].植物生理学通讯,2007,43(1):184-188
[26]朱雪梅,邵继荣,杨文钰,任正隆.温度对杂交中籼稻灌浆期淀粉体发育及胚乳透明度的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(6):790-795
[27]Murai-Hatano M,Kuwagata T,Sakurai J,Nonami H,Ahamed A,Nagasuga K,Matsunami T,Fukushi K,Maeshima M,Okada M.Effect of low Root temperature on hydraulic conductivity of rice plants and the possible role of Aquaporins[J].Plant Cell and Physiology,2008,49(9):1294-1305
[28]王夏雯,王绍华,李刚华,王强盛,刘正辉,余翔,丁艳锋.氮素穗肥对水稻幼穗细胞分裂素和生长素浓度的影响及其与颖花发育的关系[J].作物学报,2008,34(12):2184-2189
[29]李经勇,唐永群,余官平,卢瑶,黄世龙,王光明.水稻后期功能叶内源激素与光合产物相关研究[J].西南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2004,26(2):203-205
[30]黄锦文,梁康迳,梁义元,林文雄.不同类型水稻籽粒灌浆过程内源激素含量变化的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(2):11-13
[31]段俊,田长恩,梁承邺,黄毓文,刘鸿先.水稻结实过程中穗不同部位谷粒中内源激素的动态变化[J].植物学报,1999,41(1):75-79
[32]陈惠哲,朱德峰,林贤青,张玉屏.杂交稻种子饱满度对发芽率、成苗率及秧苗生长的影响[J].福建农业学报,2004,19(2):65-67
[33]张桂莲,杨定照,张顺堂,陈立云.不同成熟度对水稻种子萌发及其生理特性的影响[J].植物生理学报,2012,48(3):272-276
[34]莫亿伟,王忠,梁国斌,钱善勤,陈刚,顾蕴洁.施氮处理对水稻子代乳苗素质的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(2):227-231