空间高光谱相机调焦机构精度分析与试验
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摘要
针对空间高光谱相机的使用特性及要求,设计一套调焦范围±3 mm的像面移动式调焦机构,对偏离的焦面进行校正,以满足高光谱相机成像质量要求。介绍调焦机构的工作原理,对调焦机构的传动关系、定位精度进行理论分析;建立调焦机构的动力学模型,进行有限元分析;详细论述编码器码值与CMOS靶面位移关系测试方法,得到真实可靠的调焦公式;动力学试验表明,调焦机构一阶自然频率为182.7 Hz,可以有效地避免共振现象,加速度响应合理,具有较好的强度、刚度;同时在动力学试验前后,对调焦机构分别进行闭环精度测试,定位精度均优于±6μm,试验结果表明调焦机构具有较好的稳定性,满足±10μm的设计指标要求,验证调焦公式以及闭环控制程序设计的有效性。目前,此套调焦机构已经成功在轨运行,各项指标状态良好,满足高光谱相机的成像质量要求。
For meeting the features and requirements of space hyperspectral camera, the image surface movable focusing mechanism is designed, the motion displacement is in the range of ±3 mm, correcting deviated focal plane, and meeting the imaging quality requirements of hyperspectral camera. The working principle of the focusing mechanism is introduced, and the transmission curve and positioning accuracy are theoretically analyzed; Dynamic model of the focusing mechanism is established and the finite element analysis is performed. The relationship test method of code value and displacement of CMOS target plane is discussed in detail, and obtain the reliable focusing formula. The dynamic experiments show that the first-order natural frequency of the focusing mechanism is 182.7 Hz, which can effectively avoid the resonance phenomenon, the acceleration response is reasonable, and has good strength and stiffness; Before and after the dynamic experiments, the closed-loop accuracy tests are performed on the focusing mechanism, and the positioning accuracy is better than ±6 μm, therefore the focusing mechanism has good stability, which satisfies the ±10 μm design index and verifies the effectiveness of focusing formula and closed-loop control programs. At present, this set of focusing mechanism has been successfully on-orbit operation, and the indicators are in good condition, which satisfies the imaging quality requirements of hyperspectral camera.
For meeting the features and requirements of space hyperspectral camera, the image surface movable focusing mechanism is designed, the motion displacement is in the range of ±3 mm, correcting deviated focal plane, and meeting the imaging quality requirements of hyperspectral camera. The working principle of the focusing mechanism is introduced, and the transmission curve and positioning accuracy are theoretically analyzed; Dynamic model of the focusing mechanism is established and the finite element analysis is performed. The relationship test method of code value and displacement of CMOS target plane is discussed in detail, and obtain the reliable focusing formula. The dynamic experiments show that the first-order natural frequency of the focusing mechanism is 182.7 Hz, which can effectively avoid the resonance phenomenon, the acceleration response is reasonable, and has good strength and stiffness; Before and after the dynamic experiments, the closed-loop accuracy tests are performed on the focusing mechanism, and the positioning accuracy is better than ±6 μm, therefore the focusing mechanism has good stability, which satisfies the ±10 μm design index and verifies the effectiveness of focusing formula and closed-loop control programs. At present, this set of focusing mechanism has been successfully on-orbit operation, and the indicators are in good condition, which satisfies the imaging quality requirements of hyperspectral camera.
引文
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[10]惠守文.长焦距斜视实时航空相机自动调焦技术的研究[D].长春:中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,2003.HUI Shouwen.Study of automatic focusing technique for long focus oblique real-time aerial camera[D].Changchun:Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003.
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[13]刘磊,曹国华.大视场长焦面光学遥感器双凸轮式焦面调焦机构[J].光学精密工程,2012,20(9):1939-1944.LIU Lei,CAO Guohua.Double cam focusing mechanism of space camera with wide field and long-focal-plane[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2012,20(9):1939-1944.
[14]刘磊.空间三反相机调焦范围的确定[J].光学精密工程,2013,21(3):631-636.LIU Lei.Focusing range of space off-axial TMA optical camera[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2013,21(3):631-636.
[15]王智,张立平,李朝辉,等.传输型立体测绘相机的调焦机构设计[J].光学精密工程,2009,17(5):1051-1056.WANG Zhi,ZHANG Liping,LI Chaohui,et al.Design of focusing mechanism of space tridimensional mapping camera[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2009,17(5):1051-1056.
[16]张洪文.空间相机调焦技术的研究[D].长春:中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,2003.ZHNAG Hongwen.Research on the Auto-focusing technology for space camera[D].Changchun:Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003.
[17]王显军.光电轴角编码器细分信号误差及精度分析[J].光学精密工程,2012,20(2):379-386.WANG Xianjun.Errors and precision analysis of subdivision signals for photoelectric angle encoders[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2012,20(2):379-386.
[2]丁亚林,田海英,王家骐.空间遥感相机调焦机构设计[J].光学精密工程,2001,9(1):35-38.DING Yalin,TIAN Haiying,WANG Jiaqi.Design on the focusing mechanism of space remote-sensing camera[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2001,9(1):35-38.
[3]JIA Xuezhi,JIN Guang.Design and precision measurement of TDI CCD focal plane for space camera[J].SPIE,2012,8419:84190X-1-84190X-5.
[4]GAUNEKAR A S,WIDDOWSON Gary P,NARASIMALU Srikanth,et al.Design and development of a high precision lens focusing mechanism using flexure bearings[J].Precision Engineering,2005(29):81-85.
[5]贾学志,张雷,安源,等.空间光学遥感器精密调焦机构设计与试验[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(13):25-30.JIA Xuezhi,ZHANG Lei,AN Yuan,et al.Design and experiment research on precision focusing mechanism of space remote sensor[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(13):25-30.
[6]许志涛,刘金国,龙科慧,等.高分辨率空间相机调焦机构精度分析[J].光学学报,2013,33(7):0728001.XU Zhitao,LIU Jinguo,LONG Kehui,et al.Accuracy analysis of focusing mechanism of high resolution space camera[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2013,33(7):0728001.
[7]王书新,李景林,刘磊,等.大尺寸焦平面空间相机调焦机构的精度分析[J].光学精密工程,2010,18(10):2239-2243.WANG Shuxin,LI Jinglin,LIU Lei,et al.Accuracy analysis of focusing mechanism in space camera with long-focal-plane[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2010,18(10):2239-2243.
[8]伞兵,李景林.大口径反射光学系统调焦机构设[J].红外与激光工程,2013,42(增刊2):329-332.SAN Bing,LI Jinglin.Focusing device design of the large aperture optics system[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2013,42(Suppl.2):329-332.
[9]王忠善,何欣,崔永鹏,等.长焦面空间相机调焦机构分析与验证[J].红外与激光工程,2014,43(4):1206-1209.WANG Zhongshan,HE Xin,CUI Yongpeng,et al.Analysis and validation of large size focal-plane focusing device for space camera[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2014,43(4):1206-1209.
[10]惠守文.长焦距斜视实时航空相机自动调焦技术的研究[D].长春:中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,2003.HUI Shouwen.Study of automatic focusing technique for long focus oblique real-time aerial camera[D].Changchun:Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003.
[11]ZHANG Xinjie,YAN Changxiang.Application of precision harmonic gear drive in focusing mechanism of space camera[J].SPIE,2010(7659):76590M-1-76590M-7.
[12]吕世良,刘金国,贾平.空间多光谱CCD相机调焦精度分析[J].红外与激光工程,2013,42(2):392-397.LüShiliang,LIU Jinguo,JIA Ping.Accuracy analysis of the focusing precision for multispectral CCD space camera[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2013,42(2):392-397.
[13]刘磊,曹国华.大视场长焦面光学遥感器双凸轮式焦面调焦机构[J].光学精密工程,2012,20(9):1939-1944.LIU Lei,CAO Guohua.Double cam focusing mechanism of space camera with wide field and long-focal-plane[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2012,20(9):1939-1944.
[14]刘磊.空间三反相机调焦范围的确定[J].光学精密工程,2013,21(3):631-636.LIU Lei.Focusing range of space off-axial TMA optical camera[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2013,21(3):631-636.
[15]王智,张立平,李朝辉,等.传输型立体测绘相机的调焦机构设计[J].光学精密工程,2009,17(5):1051-1056.WANG Zhi,ZHANG Liping,LI Chaohui,et al.Design of focusing mechanism of space tridimensional mapping camera[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2009,17(5):1051-1056.
[16]张洪文.空间相机调焦技术的研究[D].长春:中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,2003.ZHNAG Hongwen.Research on the Auto-focusing technology for space camera[D].Changchun:Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003.
[17]王显军.光电轴角编码器细分信号误差及精度分析[J].光学精密工程,2012,20(2):379-386.WANG Xianjun.Errors and precision analysis of subdivision signals for photoelectric angle encoders[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2012,20(2):379-386.