铀属性测量中的时间关联符合法研究进展
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摘要
综述了在铀属性测量中,时间关联符合法的研究进展情况,简要地介绍了铀、钚的属性,核材料的被动与主动探测方式、时间关联符合法的基本原理、起源和发展,详细地归纳了时间关联符合法在计算方法、数值模拟、实验研究和应用研究四个方面的国内外研究现状,并分析了发展趋势及需要解决的问题。
This paper reviews the progress of the time-correlated coincidence method in uranium attributes measurement,briefly introduces the attributes of uranium and plutonium,the passive and active detection methods of nuclear material,the main theory,the origin and development,summarizes in details the current situation of time-correlated coincidence method in four aspects,that is calculation method,numerical simulation,experimental research and application research,and analyzes the trend and problems to be solved.
This paper reviews the progress of the time-correlated coincidence method in uranium attributes measurement,briefly introduces the attributes of uranium and plutonium,the passive and active detection methods of nuclear material,the main theory,the origin and development,summarizes in details the current situation of time-correlated coincidence method in four aspects,that is calculation method,numerical simulation,experimental research and application research,and analyzes the trend and problems to be solved.
引文
[1]弟宇鸣,张全虎.核武器军备控制概述[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2012.
[2]刘成安,伍均.核军备控制核查技术概论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007.
[3]龚建,陈波,郝樊华.核材料的探测与识别[J].核电子学与探测技术,1995.(6):334-338.
[4]向永春,熊宗华,郝樊华,等.主动探钡J贫化铀的实验研究[J].核电子学与探测技术,2007.3.Vol.27.No.2:376-379.
[5]董传江,刘晓波,陈利高,等.大空腔探测系统主动中子多重性反应系数模拟研究[J].强激光与粒子束,2014,26(3):034006-1-034006-6.
[6]陈利高,龚建,等.基于中子多重性方法的252Cf中子强度测量算法及实验研究[J].原子能科学技术,2014,48增:1417.
[7]Clark S D,Miller EC,Flaska M,et al.Verification and validation of the MCNP-Poli Mi code for simulations of neutron multiplicity counting systems[J].Nucl Instr Meth A,2013,700:135-139.
[8]Menlove H O,Menlove S H,Rael C D.The development of a new,neutron,time correlated,interrogation method for measurement of U-235 content in LWR fuel assemblies[J].Nul Instr Meth A,2012,701:72-79
[9]任忠国,张宏俊,赵志平,等.铀材料同位素组成的主动中子测量方法初步模拟研究[J].核电子学与探测技术,2011,31(11):1279-1283.
[10]W.H.Geist,L.A.Carrillo,N.Ensslin,et.al.Evaluation of a fast neutron coincidence counter for the measurements of uranium samples[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in physics Research A,2001,470:590-99.
[11]赵德山,陈琦,陈想林.有源符合中子法探测高浓缩铀的技术研究[J].核电子学与探测技术,2004.11,24(6):726-728.
[12]王效忠,贾向军,赵荣生.有源符合中子法测量材料中的高浓铀[J].原子能科学技术,1998.5,32(3):256-262.
[13]蒙延泰,王效忠,贾向军,等.铀标样的无损测量检验[J].原子能科学技术,2007.1,41(1):121-124.
[14]D.G.Langner,M.5.Kriek,K.E.Kroncke.The application of neutron multiplicity counting to the assay of bulk Plutonium bearing materials at RFETS and LLNL[R].LA-UR-95-3320,1995.
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[17]L.G.Chianng,J.K.Mattingly,J.A.Ramsey,J.TMihalczo,et.al.VERIFICATION OF URANIUM MASS AND ENRICHMENTS OF HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM(HEU)USING THE NUCLEAR MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM(NMIS)[R].OakRidgey-12Plant,2000.4.
[18]杜科.核信息系统的随机核信号频谱分析研究[D].2008.
[19]魏彪,任勇,冯鹏,等.基于252Cf裂变中子源的核信息系统频谱分析[J].强激光与粒子束,2009,12(21):1898-1902.
[20]胡世鹏、刘知贵,张活力,等.诱发核部件裂变探测技术仿真研究[J].西南科技大学学报,2012,12(1):60-64.
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[22]Valentine T E.Monte Carlo evaluation of passive NMIS for assay of plutonium in shielded containers[R].Y-12 OakRidge Y-12 Plant,May 30,2000,Nuclear Materials Management and Storage Program Office.
[23]Mattingly J K.Time-dependent coincidence method to measure plutonium mass and multiplication[R].Y-12 National Security Complex,December 17,2001,Nuclear Materials Management and Storage Program Office.
[24]Pozzi S A,MCNP-POLIMI evaluation of time dependent coincidence between detectors for fissile metal vs.oxide determination[R].Y-12 National Security Complex,May 23,2002.
[25]Pozzi S A.Recent developments in the MCNP-POLIMI post processing code[R].ORNL/TM-2004/299,2004.
[26]Pozzi S A,Padovani E,Marseguerra M.MCNPPOLIMI:a Monte-Carlo code for correlation measurements[J].Nucl Instru Methods Phys Res,2003,A513:550-558.
[27]Marseguerra M,Padovani E,Pozzi S A.Use of the MCNP-POLIMI code for time-correlation safeguards measurements[J].Progress in Nuclear Energy,2003,43(1 4):305-311.
[28]Pozzi S A,Flaskaa M,Enqvistb A,et al.Monte Carlo and analytical models of neutron detection with organic scintillation detectors[J].Nucl Instru Methods Phys Res,2007,A582:629-637.
[29]黄坡,谢奇林,曾立恒,等.铀部件质量属性测量中的信噪比初步分析[J].原子能科学技术,2010,44增:626-630.
[30]张松柏,伍均,朱剑钰,等..主动中子时间关联符合测量探测金属铀质量和丰度[J].原子能科学技术,2011,45(4):389-393.
[31]黄坡,李建胜,叶岑明,等.时间关联符合法铀部件质量测量中的几何影响[J].原子能科学技术,2012,46增:53-56.
[32]朱剑钰,谢文雄,李刚,等.核查技术数值实验平台中的时间关联符合测量与中子多重性测量[J].计算物理,2015,32(2):213-219.
[33]周密,魏彪,杨帆,等.基于252Cf源驱动噪声分析法的铀部件裂变中子时间关联符合计数模拟研究[J].核技术,2013,36(6):060606-1-060606-5.
[34]周密,魏彪,米德伶,等.基于252Cf源驱动噪声分析法的高浓缩铀部件外加反射层效应[J].强激光与粒子束,2014,26(5):050101-1-050101-3.
[35]谢军华,刘知贵,张活力,等.宏观噪声方法在铀部件分析中的应用研究[J].计算机仿真,2012,29(7):9-13.
[36]谢军华,刘知贵,任立学,等.基于BP神经网络的诱发铀部件裂变信号特征分析及识别[J].原子核物理评论,2012,29(2):202-207.
[37]梁庆雷,李井怀,刘国荣,等.252Cf自发裂变n/γTOF和TCC谱的MC模拟[J].核技术,2012,35(5):375-379.
[38]谢文雄.时间关联符合法测量铀部件浓缩度[D].2011.
[39]谢文雄,龚建,李建胜,等.时间关联符合法测量铀部件浓缩度[J].核技术,2011,34(8):609-612.
[40]黄坡,谢文雄,谢奇林,等.金属铀部件235U富集度中子时间关联符合测量实验优化分析[J].原子能科学技术,2012,46(3):257-262.
[41]曾立恒,李建胜,谢文雄,等.时间关联符合法探测铀部件质量实验研究[J].原子能科学技术,2012,6(46):754-757.
[42]李建胜,叶岑明,谢文雄,等.定时DT中子源驱动铀部件的相关函数测量[J].核技术,2013,36(9):090204-1-090204-7.
[43]刘国荣,李井怀,梁庆雷,等.时间关联符合法测量铀材料质量和丰度的进一步研究[R].中国原子能科学研究院年报,2010,基础和应用基础研究·放射化学与核化学:279-281.
[44]梁庆雷,李井怀,刘国荣,等.时间关联符合法对铀质量和富集度的测量[J].核技术,2014,37(2):020202-1-020202-4.
[45]Mihalczo J,Mullens J.Nuclear Material Identification System with Imaging and Gamma-Ray Spectrometry for Plutonium,Highly Enriched Uranium,High Explosives,and Other Materials[R].ORNL/TM-2012/22.February 2012.
[46]Swift AL.Materials and Configuration from NMIS Type Neutron Imaging and Gamma Spectroscopy[R].Oak Ridge National Laboratory,May 2012.
[47]Paul A.Hausladen,Matthew A.Blackston,James A.Mullens,Seth Mc Conchie,John T.Mihalczo,Philip R.Bingham,M.Nance Ericson,Lorenzo Fabris,et al.Induced-Fission Imaging of Nuclear Material*[R].Oak Ridge National Laboratory.Jan.2010.
[48]James Mullens SM,Paul Hausladen,John Mihalczo,Brandon Grogan,Eric Sword.NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY AND FISSION MAPPING MEASUREMENTS OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS WITH VARYING COMPOSITION AND SHIELDING[R].Oak Ridge National Laboratory.2011.11.
[49]S.M.Robinson n,K.D.Jarman,W.K.Pitts,A.Seifert,A.C.Misner,M.L.Woodring,M.J.Myjak,et al.Imaging for dismantlement verification:Information management and analysis algorithms[R].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A,2012:81-89.
[50]Mark M.Bourne,Jeff Whaley,Jennifer L.Dolan,John K.Polack,Marek Flaska,Shaun D.Clarke,Alice Tomanin,Paolo Peerani,Sara A.Pozzi.Cross-correlation measurements with the EJ-299-33plastic scintillator[R].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 784(2015)460-464.
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[52]D.Cester,G.Nebbia,L.Stevanato,G Viesti,F.Neri,S.Petrucci,S.Selmi,C.Tintori,P.Peerani,A.Tomanind.Special nuclear material detection with a mobile multi-detector system[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A.663(2012)55-63.
[53]Cl ment Deyglun,C dric Carasco,Bertrand P rot,Cyrille El on,Guillaume Sanni,Karim Boudergui,Gwenol Corre,Vladimir Kondrasovs,St phane Normand,and Philippe Pras.Passive and Active Correlation Techniques for the Detection of Nuclear Materials[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE,VOL.61,NO.4,AUGUST 2014.
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[2]刘成安,伍均.核军备控制核查技术概论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007.
[3]龚建,陈波,郝樊华.核材料的探测与识别[J].核电子学与探测技术,1995.(6):334-338.
[4]向永春,熊宗华,郝樊华,等.主动探钡J贫化铀的实验研究[J].核电子学与探测技术,2007.3.Vol.27.No.2:376-379.
[5]董传江,刘晓波,陈利高,等.大空腔探测系统主动中子多重性反应系数模拟研究[J].强激光与粒子束,2014,26(3):034006-1-034006-6.
[6]陈利高,龚建,等.基于中子多重性方法的252Cf中子强度测量算法及实验研究[J].原子能科学技术,2014,48增:1417.
[7]Clark S D,Miller EC,Flaska M,et al.Verification and validation of the MCNP-Poli Mi code for simulations of neutron multiplicity counting systems[J].Nucl Instr Meth A,2013,700:135-139.
[8]Menlove H O,Menlove S H,Rael C D.The development of a new,neutron,time correlated,interrogation method for measurement of U-235 content in LWR fuel assemblies[J].Nul Instr Meth A,2012,701:72-79
[9]任忠国,张宏俊,赵志平,等.铀材料同位素组成的主动中子测量方法初步模拟研究[J].核电子学与探测技术,2011,31(11):1279-1283.
[10]W.H.Geist,L.A.Carrillo,N.Ensslin,et.al.Evaluation of a fast neutron coincidence counter for the measurements of uranium samples[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in physics Research A,2001,470:590-99.
[11]赵德山,陈琦,陈想林.有源符合中子法探测高浓缩铀的技术研究[J].核电子学与探测技术,2004.11,24(6):726-728.
[12]王效忠,贾向军,赵荣生.有源符合中子法测量材料中的高浓铀[J].原子能科学技术,1998.5,32(3):256-262.
[13]蒙延泰,王效忠,贾向军,等.铀标样的无损测量检验[J].原子能科学技术,2007.1,41(1):121-124.
[14]D.G.Langner,M.5.Kriek,K.E.Kroncke.The application of neutron multiplicity counting to the assay of bulk Plutonium bearing materials at RFETS and LLNL[R].LA-UR-95-3320,1995.
[15]J.T.Mihalezo,J.A.Mullens,,J.K.Mattingly,,et.al.Physical description of nuclear materials identification system(NMIS)signatures[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A,2000,450:531-555.
[16]Mihalczo JT,Mattingly JK.Attributes and Templates from Active Measurements with NMIS(ORNL)[R].Technology R&D for Arms Control(Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering).Spring,2001.
[17]L.G.Chianng,J.K.Mattingly,J.A.Ramsey,J.TMihalczo,et.al.VERIFICATION OF URANIUM MASS AND ENRICHMENTS OF HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM(HEU)USING THE NUCLEAR MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM(NMIS)[R].OakRidgey-12Plant,2000.4.
[18]杜科.核信息系统的随机核信号频谱分析研究[D].2008.
[19]魏彪,任勇,冯鹏,等.基于252Cf裂变中子源的核信息系统频谱分析[J].强激光与粒子束,2009,12(21):1898-1902.
[20]胡世鹏、刘知贵,张活力,等.诱发核部件裂变探测技术仿真研究[J].西南科技大学学报,2012,12(1):60-64.
[21]Xie Wenxiong,Li Jiansheng,Zhu Jianyu.Uranium mass and neutron multiplication factor estimates from time-correlation coincidence counts[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 797(2015)182 187.
[22]Valentine T E.Monte Carlo evaluation of passive NMIS for assay of plutonium in shielded containers[R].Y-12 OakRidge Y-12 Plant,May 30,2000,Nuclear Materials Management and Storage Program Office.
[23]Mattingly J K.Time-dependent coincidence method to measure plutonium mass and multiplication[R].Y-12 National Security Complex,December 17,2001,Nuclear Materials Management and Storage Program Office.
[24]Pozzi S A,MCNP-POLIMI evaluation of time dependent coincidence between detectors for fissile metal vs.oxide determination[R].Y-12 National Security Complex,May 23,2002.
[25]Pozzi S A.Recent developments in the MCNP-POLIMI post processing code[R].ORNL/TM-2004/299,2004.
[26]Pozzi S A,Padovani E,Marseguerra M.MCNPPOLIMI:a Monte-Carlo code for correlation measurements[J].Nucl Instru Methods Phys Res,2003,A513:550-558.
[27]Marseguerra M,Padovani E,Pozzi S A.Use of the MCNP-POLIMI code for time-correlation safeguards measurements[J].Progress in Nuclear Energy,2003,43(1 4):305-311.
[28]Pozzi S A,Flaskaa M,Enqvistb A,et al.Monte Carlo and analytical models of neutron detection with organic scintillation detectors[J].Nucl Instru Methods Phys Res,2007,A582:629-637.
[29]黄坡,谢奇林,曾立恒,等.铀部件质量属性测量中的信噪比初步分析[J].原子能科学技术,2010,44增:626-630.
[30]张松柏,伍均,朱剑钰,等..主动中子时间关联符合测量探测金属铀质量和丰度[J].原子能科学技术,2011,45(4):389-393.
[31]黄坡,李建胜,叶岑明,等.时间关联符合法铀部件质量测量中的几何影响[J].原子能科学技术,2012,46增:53-56.
[32]朱剑钰,谢文雄,李刚,等.核查技术数值实验平台中的时间关联符合测量与中子多重性测量[J].计算物理,2015,32(2):213-219.
[33]周密,魏彪,杨帆,等.基于252Cf源驱动噪声分析法的铀部件裂变中子时间关联符合计数模拟研究[J].核技术,2013,36(6):060606-1-060606-5.
[34]周密,魏彪,米德伶,等.基于252Cf源驱动噪声分析法的高浓缩铀部件外加反射层效应[J].强激光与粒子束,2014,26(5):050101-1-050101-3.
[35]谢军华,刘知贵,张活力,等.宏观噪声方法在铀部件分析中的应用研究[J].计算机仿真,2012,29(7):9-13.
[36]谢军华,刘知贵,任立学,等.基于BP神经网络的诱发铀部件裂变信号特征分析及识别[J].原子核物理评论,2012,29(2):202-207.
[37]梁庆雷,李井怀,刘国荣,等.252Cf自发裂变n/γTOF和TCC谱的MC模拟[J].核技术,2012,35(5):375-379.
[38]谢文雄.时间关联符合法测量铀部件浓缩度[D].2011.
[39]谢文雄,龚建,李建胜,等.时间关联符合法测量铀部件浓缩度[J].核技术,2011,34(8):609-612.
[40]黄坡,谢文雄,谢奇林,等.金属铀部件235U富集度中子时间关联符合测量实验优化分析[J].原子能科学技术,2012,46(3):257-262.
[41]曾立恒,李建胜,谢文雄,等.时间关联符合法探测铀部件质量实验研究[J].原子能科学技术,2012,6(46):754-757.
[42]李建胜,叶岑明,谢文雄,等.定时DT中子源驱动铀部件的相关函数测量[J].核技术,2013,36(9):090204-1-090204-7.
[43]刘国荣,李井怀,梁庆雷,等.时间关联符合法测量铀材料质量和丰度的进一步研究[R].中国原子能科学研究院年报,2010,基础和应用基础研究·放射化学与核化学:279-281.
[44]梁庆雷,李井怀,刘国荣,等.时间关联符合法对铀质量和富集度的测量[J].核技术,2014,37(2):020202-1-020202-4.
[45]Mihalczo J,Mullens J.Nuclear Material Identification System with Imaging and Gamma-Ray Spectrometry for Plutonium,Highly Enriched Uranium,High Explosives,and Other Materials[R].ORNL/TM-2012/22.February 2012.
[46]Swift AL.Materials and Configuration from NMIS Type Neutron Imaging and Gamma Spectroscopy[R].Oak Ridge National Laboratory,May 2012.
[47]Paul A.Hausladen,Matthew A.Blackston,James A.Mullens,Seth Mc Conchie,John T.Mihalczo,Philip R.Bingham,M.Nance Ericson,Lorenzo Fabris,et al.Induced-Fission Imaging of Nuclear Material*[R].Oak Ridge National Laboratory.Jan.2010.
[48]James Mullens SM,Paul Hausladen,John Mihalczo,Brandon Grogan,Eric Sword.NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY AND FISSION MAPPING MEASUREMENTS OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS WITH VARYING COMPOSITION AND SHIELDING[R].Oak Ridge National Laboratory.2011.11.
[49]S.M.Robinson n,K.D.Jarman,W.K.Pitts,A.Seifert,A.C.Misner,M.L.Woodring,M.J.Myjak,et al.Imaging for dismantlement verification:Information management and analysis algorithms[R].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A,2012:81-89.
[50]Mark M.Bourne,Jeff Whaley,Jennifer L.Dolan,John K.Polack,Marek Flaska,Shaun D.Clarke,Alice Tomanin,Paolo Peerani,Sara A.Pozzi.Cross-correlation measurements with the EJ-299-33plastic scintillator[R].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 784(2015)460-464.
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