叶尔羌河流域下游土壤的盐渍化特征分析
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摘要
以新疆叶尔羌河流域下游麦盖提县为研究区,采用地统计学等方法,对该区域土壤盐分特征、盐渍化程度及养分状况等进行了分析。结果表明:试验区土壤盐渍化类型以亚硫酸盐渍土为主,其盐渍化程度属于极重盐土,其总盐含量沿着剖面自上而下极显著下降(P<0.01),但土壤表层(0～20 cm)样地间差异不显著(P>0.05),其pH值(7.91～8.97)呈碱性;其土壤容重在1.42～1.91 g·cm~(-3)范围内,沿着剖面自上而下逐渐递减;土壤养分指标速效钾、有效磷和有机质及8种离子在土层间差异均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01);表层(0～20 cm)土壤总盐与土壤养分指标及8种离子含量间均存在不同程度的显著正相关(P<0.05),强弱顺序表现为Ca~(2+)>Na~+>K~+>HCO_3~->Mg~(2+)>Cl~->速效钾>SO_4~(2-)>CO_3~(2-)>有机质>有效磷。
In this study, the original salinization area in Maigaiti county was taken as the target area, and the soil salinity characteristics of soil salinization degree, soil nutrient status were analyzed by using the method of geostatistics related methods. The soil salinization type was dominated by sulfurous acid saline soil and its salinization degree belonged to extremely heavy saline soil. The total salt content was significantly decreased with the increase of soil depth(P<0.01), but there was no significant difference among different soil sample plots in topsoil(0～20 cm). The soil p H value(7.91～8.97) was alkaline. The bulk density of soil in different soil sample plots and different soil layers was 1.42 ～1.91 g·cm~(-3), which was decreased with the increase of soil depth. The soil available K,available P, organic matter and the eight ions content was significantly different among different soil layers(P<0.05). There were different positive correlations between(0～20 cm) soil total salt and soil nutrition and 8 ion contents, and the correlation order was Ca~(2+)>Na~+>K~+>HCO_3~->Mg~(2+)>Cl~->available K>SO_4~(2-)>CO_3~(2-)>organic matter>available P.
In this study, the original salinization area in Maigaiti county was taken as the target area, and the soil salinity characteristics of soil salinization degree, soil nutrient status were analyzed by using the method of geostatistics related methods. The soil salinization type was dominated by sulfurous acid saline soil and its salinization degree belonged to extremely heavy saline soil. The total salt content was significantly decreased with the increase of soil depth(P<0.01), but there was no significant difference among different soil sample plots in topsoil(0～20 cm). The soil p H value(7.91～8.97) was alkaline. The bulk density of soil in different soil sample plots and different soil layers was 1.42 ～1.91 g·cm~(-3), which was decreased with the increase of soil depth. The soil available K,available P, organic matter and the eight ions content was significantly different among different soil layers(P<0.05). There were different positive correlations between(0～20 cm) soil total salt and soil nutrition and 8 ion contents, and the correlation order was Ca~(2+)>Na~+>K~+>HCO_3~->Mg~(2+)>Cl~->available K>SO_4~(2-)>CO_3~(2-)>organic matter>available P.
引文
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[22]樊会敏,许明祥,李杉杉,等.渭北地区农田土壤物理性质对土壤剖面盐分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017(8):199-204.
[23]孙梅,黄运湘,孙楠,等.农田土壤孔隙及其影响因素研究进展[J].土壤通报,2015(2):233-238.
[24]连纲,郭旭东,傅伯杰,等.黄土高原小流域土壤容重及水分空间变异特征[J].生态学报,2006(3):648-653.
[25]邱扬,傅伯杰,王军,等.黄土高原小流域土壤养分的时空变异及其影响因子[J].自然科学进展,2004,14(3):294-299.
[26]冉启洋,贡璐,韩丽,等.塔里木河上游绿洲土壤表层盐分特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):1098-1103.
[27]陈暑晃,马兴旺,徐勇海,等.乌鲁木齐县蔬菜地土壤养分空间变异研究[J].新疆农业,2006,43(1):50-52.
[28]石磊,王娟铃,许明祥,等.陕西省农田土壤紧实度空间变异及其影响因素[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(5):770-778.
[29]HE Q S, TASHPOLAT·T, DING J L. Study on the extraction of saline soil information in arid area based on decision tree algorithm:a case study in the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa Rivers[J].Resources science, 2006, 28(6):134-140.
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[31]余海英,李廷轩,周健民.典型设施栽培土壤盐分变化规律及潜在的环境效应研究[J].土壤学报,2006,43(4):571-576.
[32]KEUTGEN A J, PAWELZIK E. Impacts of NaCl stress on plant growth and mineral nutrient assimilation in two cultivars of strawberry[J].Environmental and experimental botany, 2009,65(2-3):170-176.
[2]王佳丽,黄贤金,钟太洋,等.盐城地可持续利用研究综综述[J].地理学报,2011,66(5):673-684.
[3]董孝斌,张玉芳,严茂超,等.天山北坡山盆系统耦合与农业结构调整[J].农业现代化研究,2006(5):377-379.
[4]孙迪亮.西部地区农业现代化进程中的农民合作社发展研究[J].经济问题探索,2009(4):83-87.
[5]张锦宗,朱瑜馨.新疆县域经济格局时空演变研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012(2):24-29.
[6]朱会义.土地利用变化的内在动力[J].地理学报, 2013(8):1029-1037.
[7]吴旻.西部农业可持续发展研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2005.
[8]乔云峰,沈冰,黄领梅,等.和田绿洲地下水及土壤离子含量特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2002,30(6):186-189.
[9]刘蔚,王涛,苏永红,等.黑河下游土壤和地下水盐分特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(6):890-898.
[10]宋长春,邓伟.吉林西部地下水特征及其与土壤盐渍化的关系[J].地理科学,2000,20(3):246-250.
[11]李韵珠,石元春.土壤和地下水化学类型和垂向主组分的动态[J].土壤学报,2003,40(4):482-489.
[12]樊自立,马英杰,张宏,等.塔里木河流域生态地下水位及其合理深度确定[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(1):913-917.
[13]刘广明,杨劲松,李东顺.地下水蒸发规律及其土壤盐分的关系[J].土壤学报,2002,5(3):384-389.
[14]刘继龙,马孝义,张振华.土壤水盐空间异质性及尺度效应的多重分析[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):81-86.
[15]ZHAO R F, CHEN Y N, HONG C X, et al. Study on spatial variability and pattern of soil salinity of the oasis in the head streams of the Tarim river basin:A case study on Yuepuhu oasis[J]. Geographical reserch,2008,27(3):135-144.
[16]罗芳,黄燕.新疆农业经济增长与农业生产要素的相关性分析[J].石河子大学学报,2013(6):10-14.
[17]雷磊,江红南,阿尔达克,等.干旱区盐渍化土壤高光谱遥感信息分析与提取[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014(3):112-118.
[18]马成霞,丁建丽,张爱霞,等.绿洲区域土壤盐渍化主要参数的空间分异性分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015(2):144-150.
[19]罗菊花,古力巴尔·麦麦提.叶尔羌河流域水文特性分析[J].水文,2005,25(3):58-62.
[20]热汗古丽·吾买尔,满苏尔·沙比提,陆吐布拉·依明.喀什地区近10年地下水资源时空动态变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011(7):63-68.
[21]张川,陈洪松,张伟,等.喀斯特坡面表层土壤含水量,容重和饱和导水率的空间变异特征[J].应用生态学报,2014(6):1585-1591.
[22]樊会敏,许明祥,李杉杉,等.渭北地区农田土壤物理性质对土壤剖面盐分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017(8):199-204.
[23]孙梅,黄运湘,孙楠,等.农田土壤孔隙及其影响因素研究进展[J].土壤通报,2015(2):233-238.
[24]连纲,郭旭东,傅伯杰,等.黄土高原小流域土壤容重及水分空间变异特征[J].生态学报,2006(3):648-653.
[25]邱扬,傅伯杰,王军,等.黄土高原小流域土壤养分的时空变异及其影响因子[J].自然科学进展,2004,14(3):294-299.
[26]冉启洋,贡璐,韩丽,等.塔里木河上游绿洲土壤表层盐分特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):1098-1103.
[27]陈暑晃,马兴旺,徐勇海,等.乌鲁木齐县蔬菜地土壤养分空间变异研究[J].新疆农业,2006,43(1):50-52.
[28]石磊,王娟铃,许明祥,等.陕西省农田土壤紧实度空间变异及其影响因素[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(5):770-778.
[29]HE Q S, TASHPOLAT·T, DING J L. Study on the extraction of saline soil information in arid area based on decision tree algorithm:a case study in the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa Rivers[J].Resources science, 2006, 28(6):134-140.
[30]JORDAN M M, NAVARRO-PEDRE O J, GARC A-S NCHEZ E. Spatial dynamics of soil salinity under arid and semi-arid conditions geological and environmental implications[J].Environmental geology,2004, 45(4):448-456.
[31]余海英,李廷轩,周健民.典型设施栽培土壤盐分变化规律及潜在的环境效应研究[J].土壤学报,2006,43(4):571-576.
[32]KEUTGEN A J, PAWELZIK E. Impacts of NaCl stress on plant growth and mineral nutrient assimilation in two cultivars of strawberry[J].Environmental and experimental botany, 2009,65(2-3):170-176.