河西走廊不同砧木对‘贵人香’葡萄生长与果实品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究不同砧木处理对‘贵人香’葡萄生长及果实品质的影响。【方法】以12个砧木与‘贵人香’葡萄进行绿枝嫁接,以‘贵人香’葡萄扦插自根苗为对照,对植株的枝条生长情况、果粒质量、产量、糖酸含量以及果实中酚类物质含量等进行对比分析。【结果】供试砧木‘圣乔治’‘5BB’‘101-14’‘SO_4’‘110R’和‘3309C’的枝条节间长度比对照增加了11.24%~19.95%。参试砧木对枝条粗度无影响,但‘5C’‘520a’‘110R’和‘贝达’枝条髓心直径分别比对照减小了20.72%、20.17%、19.06%和11.88%,显著增加了枝条成熟度。‘Flourilush’和‘贝达’增加了果穗质量和产量,其中‘Flourilush’产量最高,比对照增加10.47%,‘110R’单穗质量最高,增幅23.52%,同时发现‘520a’‘420’和‘5C’果穗质量、果粒质量和产量均比对照显著降低;不同砧木对‘贵人香’果实中还原糖含量的影响不同,其中‘SO_4’‘420’和‘5BB’分别比对照提高了15.78%、11.66%和10.61%,‘Flourilush’比对照减少了10.04%;‘5BB’‘420’‘1103P’‘520a’‘圣乔治’和‘3309C’砧穗组合显著提高了果实中糖酸比,比对照增加了7.97%~42.15%,‘5BB’明显降低了果实中可滴定酸含量,‘5C’中的可滴定酸含量远远大于对照。各砧穗组合对果实p H影响较小。供试砧木多数可提高果实总酚及单宁含量,以‘101-14’‘420’‘110R’‘贝达’和‘5C’砧木效果较为显著。‘420’‘3309C’‘101-14’和‘Flourilush’显著增加了冰酒原料中的可溶性固形物,冰酒原料采收期(10月2日至26日)‘101-14’砧穗组合果实中可溶性固形物积累速率最快,从29.63%增加至40.30%,相反,‘110R’砧穗组合果实中可溶性固形物积累增幅最小,仅由24.77%增加至28.27%,采收时显著低于对照。【结论】在河西走廊产区,通过适宜砧木选配可促进葡萄枝条的生长,且可以提高葡萄果实的产量,改善果实品质。
【Objective】The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks on the growth, biomass, yield and fruit quality of Italian Riesling grape. Proper rootstocks may enhance the adaptability and resistance of grape cultivars. It may also improve their growth, berry masses and quality.However, the effects of rootstocks on grapes varied with scion varieties, site conditions and cultivation measures. This study was conducted to find the most suitable rootstocks for growth and development of'Italian Riesling'grape in Gansu Hexi Corridor.【Methods】'Italian Riesling'grape was grafted onto 12 different rootstocks, including'101-14''520 a''3309 C''SO_4''420''1103 P''St George''110 R''Flourilush''Beta''5 C'and'5 BB', self-root seedlings were used as the control. The effects of rootstocks on branch growth, average cluster masses, berry masses, soluble solids, titratable acids, reducingsugars, phenols and tannins were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in the experimental station of the Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Gaotai, where it has an annual rainfall of 103 mm, an annual evaporation of 2 000 mm, and deep and loose sandy loam soils. The seedlings of the twelve rootstocks and the self-rooted Italian Riesling seedlings were planted in Spring, 2011. The grafting was made on green shoots in May to June, 2012. Shoot lengths, shoot diameters, average cluster mass, average berry mass and yield were collected, and the contents of soluble solids,reducing sugars, titratable acids, phenols and tannins in the peel were measured.【Results】The results showed that Italian Riesling grafted on'101-14''3309 C''SO_4''St George''110 R'and'5 BB'rootstocks had obviously higher lengths of the forth internode.'5 C''520 a''110 R'and'Beta'significantly decreased the pith diameter of the forth internode, sign of increased shoot maturity, by 20.72%, 20.17%,19.06% and 11.88%, respectively.'Flourilush'and'Beta'significantly increased the cluster masses and yield of Italian Riesling grape compared to the control.'Flourilush'obtained the highest yield, which was 10.47% higher than the control.'110 R'produced the highest cluster mass, however, there was no significant difference in berry yield. Meanwhile, the cluster masses, berry masses and yield in plants on'520 a''420'and'5 C'were significantly lower than in the self-root seedlings. Different rootstocks had different effects on reducing sugar content.'SO_4''420'and'5 BB'had 15.78%, 11.66% and 10.61%higher reducing sugars than the control, respectively. However,'Flourilush'was 10.04% lower than the control.'5 BB''420''1103 P''520 a''St Georges' and'3309 C'significantly increased sugar to acid ratio in the fruit by a range of 7.97% to 42.15% compared with the control.'5 BB'significantly reduced the acid content in fruit, and the total acid content of'5 C'was much higher than that of the control. The rootstocks had little effect on fruit p H. Most of these rootstocks could improve tannin content in fruit, and'101-14''420''110 R''Beta'and'5 C'rootstocks were most effective.'420''3309 C''101-14'and'Flourilush'increased the soluble solids in ice-wine raw materials during harvest period(from Oct. 2 to Oct. 26). The soluble solid in'101-14'rootstocks increased from 29.63% to 40.30%. In seedlings grafted on'110 R'rootstock, soluble solid increase was very slow, from 24.77% to 28.27%, which was significantly lower than that of the control.【Conclusion】'3309 C''110 R''SO_4''101-14''5 BB'and'St Georges' contributed to increased growth of branches, however, they had no effect on shoot thickening.'5 C''520 a''110 R'and'Beta'promoted shoot maturation.'Flourilush'and'Beta'significantly improved the cluster masses and yield.'SO_4''420'and'5 BB'increased reducing sugar content in fruit,while'Flourilush'reduced it.'420''5 BB''1103 P'520 a''St Georges' and'3309 C'rootstocks increased reducing sugar content and sugar to acid ratio.'5 BB'significantly decreased the acid content and improved fruit quality.'101-14''420''110 R'and'Beta'obtained the best result in increasing total phenols and tannins in fruits. According to the above results, depend on the production purpose, the suitable rootstock can be selected to improve the wine quality of Italian Riesling grape in Hexi Corridor area.
【Objective】The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks on the growth, biomass, yield and fruit quality of Italian Riesling grape. Proper rootstocks may enhance the adaptability and resistance of grape cultivars. It may also improve their growth, berry masses and quality.However, the effects of rootstocks on grapes varied with scion varieties, site conditions and cultivation measures. This study was conducted to find the most suitable rootstocks for growth and development of'Italian Riesling'grape in Gansu Hexi Corridor.【Methods】'Italian Riesling'grape was grafted onto 12 different rootstocks, including'101-14''520 a''3309 C''SO_4''420''1103 P''St George''110 R''Flourilush''Beta''5 C'and'5 BB', self-root seedlings were used as the control. The effects of rootstocks on branch growth, average cluster masses, berry masses, soluble solids, titratable acids, reducingsugars, phenols and tannins were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in the experimental station of the Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Gaotai, where it has an annual rainfall of 103 mm, an annual evaporation of 2 000 mm, and deep and loose sandy loam soils. The seedlings of the twelve rootstocks and the self-rooted Italian Riesling seedlings were planted in Spring, 2011. The grafting was made on green shoots in May to June, 2012. Shoot lengths, shoot diameters, average cluster mass, average berry mass and yield were collected, and the contents of soluble solids,reducing sugars, titratable acids, phenols and tannins in the peel were measured.【Results】The results showed that Italian Riesling grafted on'101-14''3309 C''SO_4''St George''110 R'and'5 BB'rootstocks had obviously higher lengths of the forth internode.'5 C''520 a''110 R'and'Beta'significantly decreased the pith diameter of the forth internode, sign of increased shoot maturity, by 20.72%, 20.17%,19.06% and 11.88%, respectively.'Flourilush'and'Beta'significantly increased the cluster masses and yield of Italian Riesling grape compared to the control.'Flourilush'obtained the highest yield, which was 10.47% higher than the control.'110 R'produced the highest cluster mass, however, there was no significant difference in berry yield. Meanwhile, the cluster masses, berry masses and yield in plants on'520 a''420'and'5 C'were significantly lower than in the self-root seedlings. Different rootstocks had different effects on reducing sugar content.'SO_4''420'and'5 BB'had 15.78%, 11.66% and 10.61%higher reducing sugars than the control, respectively. However,'Flourilush'was 10.04% lower than the control.'5 BB''420''1103 P''520 a''St Georges' and'3309 C'significantly increased sugar to acid ratio in the fruit by a range of 7.97% to 42.15% compared with the control.'5 BB'significantly reduced the acid content in fruit, and the total acid content of'5 C'was much higher than that of the control. The rootstocks had little effect on fruit p H. Most of these rootstocks could improve tannin content in fruit, and'101-14''420''110 R''Beta'and'5 C'rootstocks were most effective.'420''3309 C''101-14'and'Flourilush'increased the soluble solids in ice-wine raw materials during harvest period(from Oct. 2 to Oct. 26). The soluble solid in'101-14'rootstocks increased from 29.63% to 40.30%. In seedlings grafted on'110 R'rootstock, soluble solid increase was very slow, from 24.77% to 28.27%, which was significantly lower than that of the control.【Conclusion】'3309 C''110 R''SO_4''101-14''5 BB'and'St Georges' contributed to increased growth of branches, however, they had no effect on shoot thickening.'5 C''520 a''110 R'and'Beta'promoted shoot maturation.'Flourilush'and'Beta'significantly improved the cluster masses and yield.'SO_4''420'and'5 BB'increased reducing sugar content in fruit,while'Flourilush'reduced it.'420''5 BB''1103 P'520 a''St Georges' and'3309 C'rootstocks increased reducing sugar content and sugar to acid ratio.'5 BB'significantly decreased the acid content and improved fruit quality.'101-14''420''110 R'and'Beta'obtained the best result in increasing total phenols and tannins in fruits. According to the above results, depend on the production purpose, the suitable rootstock can be selected to improve the wine quality of Italian Riesling grape in Hexi Corridor area.
引文
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[2]郝燕,张坤,马麒龙,白耀栋.甘肃河西走廊酿酒葡萄晚霜冻害成因及补救措施[J].甘肃农业科技,2013(2):60-61.HAO Yan,ZHANG Kun,MA Qilong,BAI Yaodong.Causes and remedial measures of Late frost damage on wine in Gansu Hexi corridor[J].Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,2013(2):60-61.
[3]郑平生,赵贵宾,康天兰,李国梁,王艳兰.葡萄嫁接栽培研究进展[J].北方园艺,2009(7):146-148.ZHENG Pingsheng,ZHAO Guibin,KANG Tianlan,LI Guoliang,WANG Yanlan.Advances in research of grafted cultivation on grape in China[J].Northern Horticulture,2009(7):146-148.
[4]高秀萍,郭修武,王克,傅望衡.葡萄砧木抗寒与抗根癌病的研究[J].园艺学报,1993,20(4):313-318.GAO Xiuping,GUO Xiuwu,WANG Ke,FU Wangheng.The Research of risistance to cold and grown call in different grape rootstocks[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1993,20(4):313-318.
[5]李会云,郭修武.盐胁迫对葡萄砧木叶片保护酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响[J].果树学报,2008,25(2):240-243.LI Huiyun,GUO Xiuwu.Influence of Na Cl on activities of protective enzymes and MDA content in grape rootstock leaves[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2008,25(2):240-243.
[6]綦伟,厉恩茂,翟衡,王晓芳,杜远鹏.不同砧穗组合葡萄植株对部分根区干旱的生理生化响应[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):306-310.QI Wei,LI Enmao,ZHAI Heng,WANG Xiaofang,DU Yuanpeng.Physiological and biochemical responses of differents scion/rootstock combinations grapevine topartial root zone drought[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(2):306-310.
[7]牛锐敏,许泽华,陈卫平,王国珍.砧木对酿酒葡萄生长和结果状况的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2015(4):24-27.NIU Ruimin,XU Zehua,CHEN Weiping,WANG Guozhen.Effects of rootstocks on growth and fruit quality of wine grapevine[J].Sino-Overseas Grapevine&Wine,2015(4):24-27.
[8]周万海,曹孜义,李胜,王雅梅.三个酿酒葡萄品种嫁接在520A砧木上的栽培表现[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2005,40(3):330-333.ZHOU Wanhai,CAO Ziyi,LI Sheng,WANG Yamei.Growth performance of three wine grape cultivars grafted on the rootstock520A[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2005,40(3):330-333.
[9]范培格,李连生,杨美容,黎盛臣,李绍华.葡萄砧木对接穗生长发育影响的研究进展[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2007(1):48-51.FAN Peige,LI Liansheng,YANG Meirong,LI Shengchen,LI Shaohua.The research develepment of effects of grape rootstock on shoot growth[J]].Sino-Overseas Grapevine&Wine,2007(1):48-51.
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