农民专业合作社在乡村治理体系中的定位与实践角色
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摘要
[目的]构建德治、法治与自治相结合的有中国特色的乡村治理体系促进乡村振兴。[方法]文章分别从历史视角和组织视角研究了改革开放以来我国乡村社会治理体系变革和农村各类组织构成,从农民专业合作社的社区属性探讨了其在乡村治理体系中的功能和作用,从制度视角分析了农民专业合作社参与乡村治理面临的体制机制障碍。[结果]农民合作社在乡村治理体系中具有多项功能和价值,可以教育和引导农民,提高农民的组织化水平;能代表农民发声,成为农村公共事务协商决策的重要主体;可以承担乡村基础设施建设和公共服务,成为乡村社会建设的重要承载主体;可以调节农民之间、农民与其他各类组织之间的冲突和矛盾,成为乡村社会重要的纠纷调处主体。[结论]推动农民专业合作社参与乡村治理,要从转变观念、完善体制、创新方式、完善法律等方面,加快推动合作社参与乡村公共事务的协商决策,承担更多公共服务。(1)要转变观念和意识,重视合作社在乡村治理体系中的作用。(2)完善乡村管理体制,细化县乡政府与村级自治的职责和界限。(3)推动合作社规范发展,健全合作社民主管理。(4)推动购买服务方式,让合作社承担更多乡村公共事务。(5)完善法律法规,为合作社参与乡村治理提供法制保障。
This study aims to construct a rural governance system with Chinese characteristics by combining the rule of virtue,rule of law and autonomy,so as to promote the revitalization of rural areas. This study researched China's reform of rural social governance system and the composition of various rural organizations since the reform and opening-up respectively from a historical perspective and an organizational perspective. Moreover,it discussed the function and role of farmers' specialized cooperatives in rural governance system according to its attribute. In addition,it analyzed the obstacles faced by farmers' specialized cooperatives in participating in rural governance from the perspective of system. The research revealed that farmers' specialized cooperatives provided a lot of functions and value in rural governance system,such as educating and guiding farmers to enhance their organizational level,speaking for farmers and functioning as the main body conducting consultation and making decisions about rural public affairs,undertaking rural infrastructure construction and public services and functioning as the main body of rural social construction,mediating the conflicts and contradictions between farmers,between farmers and other organizations. To encourage farmers' specialized cooperatives to participate in rural governance,we should accelerate the cooperatives' participation in the consultation and decision-making of rural public affairs to make it assume more public services through ideology transformation,system perfection,approach innovation and law improvement. First,we should transforming our concept and ideology,valuing the role of cooperatives in rural governance system. Second,we should perfect rural governance system,further clarifying the responsibilities and boundaries of country and township governments and village-level autonomy. Third,we should promote the standardized development of cooperatives and improve its democratic management. Fourth,we should promote the purchase of services and enable cooperatives to undertake more rural public affairs. Finally,we should improve laws and regulations to provide legal guarantees for cooperatives to participate in rural governance.
This study aims to construct a rural governance system with Chinese characteristics by combining the rule of virtue,rule of law and autonomy,so as to promote the revitalization of rural areas. This study researched China's reform of rural social governance system and the composition of various rural organizations since the reform and opening-up respectively from a historical perspective and an organizational perspective. Moreover,it discussed the function and role of farmers' specialized cooperatives in rural governance system according to its attribute. In addition,it analyzed the obstacles faced by farmers' specialized cooperatives in participating in rural governance from the perspective of system. The research revealed that farmers' specialized cooperatives provided a lot of functions and value in rural governance system,such as educating and guiding farmers to enhance their organizational level,speaking for farmers and functioning as the main body conducting consultation and making decisions about rural public affairs,undertaking rural infrastructure construction and public services and functioning as the main body of rural social construction,mediating the conflicts and contradictions between farmers,between farmers and other organizations. To encourage farmers' specialized cooperatives to participate in rural governance,we should accelerate the cooperatives' participation in the consultation and decision-making of rural public affairs to make it assume more public services through ideology transformation,system perfection,approach innovation and law improvement. First,we should transforming our concept and ideology,valuing the role of cooperatives in rural governance system. Second,we should perfect rural governance system,further clarifying the responsibilities and boundaries of country and township governments and village-level autonomy. Third,we should promote the standardized development of cooperatives and improve its democratic management. Fourth,we should promote the purchase of services and enable cooperatives to undertake more rural public affairs. Finally,we should improve laws and regulations to provide legal guarantees for cooperatives to participate in rural governance.
引文
[1]党国英.中国乡村社会治理现状与展望.华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2017(3):2-7.
[2]赵泉民.合作社组织嵌人与乡村社会治理结构转型.社会科学,2015(3):59-71.
[3]孔德斌.农村社区治理--从硬治理向软治理的转变.南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[4]朱余斌.建国以来乡村治理体制的演变与发展研究.上海:上海社会科学院,2017.
[5]阎占定.新型农民合作经济组织参与乡村社会建设分析.理论月刊,2014(8):6-9.
[6]刘守英.中国乡村治理的制度与秩序演变.农业经济问题,2018(9):10-23.
[7]张照新,吴天龙.培育农村社会组织,推进以农民为中心的乡村振兴.经济纵横,2019(1):29-35.
[8]孔祥智.中国农民合作经济组织的发展与创新:1978-2018.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(6):1-10.
[9]高强,孔祥智.农民专业合作社与村庄社区间依附逻辑与互动关系研究.农业经济与管理,2015(5):7-14.
[10]蔺雪春.新型农民组织发展对乡村治理的影响:山东个案评估.中国农村观察,2012(1):89-96.
[11]赵碧倩.当前我国农村社会组织的现状、问题与对策分析.中国发展观察,2016(8):54-56.
[12]袁成芳,杨灿.从分治到整合融合:中国乡村治理体系之变.中央社会主义学院学报,2018(5):135-141.
[13]韩俊.实施乡村振兴战略的目标要求.中国乡村发现,2018(6):6-10.
[14]张逸芳,陈国申.乡村振兴背景下农村组织建设研究的新趋势.社会治理现代化,2018(19):13-16.
[2]赵泉民.合作社组织嵌人与乡村社会治理结构转型.社会科学,2015(3):59-71.
[3]孔德斌.农村社区治理--从硬治理向软治理的转变.南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[4]朱余斌.建国以来乡村治理体制的演变与发展研究.上海:上海社会科学院,2017.
[5]阎占定.新型农民合作经济组织参与乡村社会建设分析.理论月刊,2014(8):6-9.
[6]刘守英.中国乡村治理的制度与秩序演变.农业经济问题,2018(9):10-23.
[7]张照新,吴天龙.培育农村社会组织,推进以农民为中心的乡村振兴.经济纵横,2019(1):29-35.
[8]孔祥智.中国农民合作经济组织的发展与创新:1978-2018.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(6):1-10.
[9]高强,孔祥智.农民专业合作社与村庄社区间依附逻辑与互动关系研究.农业经济与管理,2015(5):7-14.
[10]蔺雪春.新型农民组织发展对乡村治理的影响:山东个案评估.中国农村观察,2012(1):89-96.
[11]赵碧倩.当前我国农村社会组织的现状、问题与对策分析.中国发展观察,2016(8):54-56.
[12]袁成芳,杨灿.从分治到整合融合:中国乡村治理体系之变.中央社会主义学院学报,2018(5):135-141.
[13]韩俊.实施乡村振兴战略的目标要求.中国乡村发现,2018(6):6-10.
[14]张逸芳,陈国申.乡村振兴背景下农村组织建设研究的新趋势.社会治理现代化,2018(19):13-16.