冬小麦不同茎蘖生产力对立体匀播技术的响应
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摘要
为了明确小麦立体匀播技术对茎蘖生产力的影响,完善小麦立体匀播技术提高小麦生产力的理论,以多穗型品种藁优2018为试验材料,采用立体匀播和常规条播2种播种方式,探讨了立体匀播对茎蘖叶片光合速率、子粒灌浆特性、生物产量、子粒产量和收获指数的影响。结果表明,与常规条播相比,立体匀播处理的主茎千粒重与之相等;第一子蘖(1蘖)旗叶灌浆期的净光合速率(P_n)提高了0.3%,达到最大灌浆速率的时间、缓慢增长期、指数增长期、增长滞缓期分别延长了0.12、0.12、0.11、0.12d,千粒重和单穗粒重分别增加了0.5和0.03g;第二子蘖(2蘖)P_n提高了8.0%,并且随着灌浆期推进其下降幅度减缓,最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率、千粒重分别提高了2.0%、1.8%、2.3g,成熟期单株生物产量、单穗粒重和收获指数分别增加了0.3g、0.11g和0.02。综合以上结果得出,立体匀播处理在保持主茎粒重不降低的同时,提高了1蘖P_n,延长了灌浆持续期,进而提高了粒重;提高了2蘖的P_n和子粒灌浆速率,进而提高了粒重;并且缩小了1蘖、2蘖与主茎粒重之间的差异,提高了茎蘖群体的整齐度,进而提高了单株和群体生产力。
In order to clarify the effect of tridimensional uniform sowing(TUS) on productive capacity of wheat tillers, improve the high yield potentiality of TUS technology theory,we conducted a test with the variety of Gaoyou2018(much tillers), two sowing patterns including TUS and conventional drilling(CD), and discussed the effect of TUS on net photosynthetic rate(P_n), grain filling characteristics, biomass, grain yield and harvest index among different tillers. The results showed that compared with CD, 1000-kernel weight of the main stem(Z) in TUS unchanged. In the first tiller(1N), P_n of flag leaf increased by 0.3% at grain filling stage; the duration, slow increase period, exponential increase period, stopping growth period of grain weight reaching the maximum grain filling rate extended 0.12, 0.12,0.11, 0.12 d; respectively. 1000-kernel weight and kernels weight per spike increased 0.5 and 0.03 g, respectively. In the second tiller(2N), P_n increased by 8.0%, and decreased slowly with the development of grain filling process. The maximum grain filling rate, mean grain filling rate, 1000-kernel weight increased by 2.0%, 1.8%, 2.3g, respectively;The biomass, kernels weight per spike, harvest index increased 0.3g, 0.11g, 0.02. respectively. In conclusion, TUS remained 1000-kernel weight of the main stem to be not reduced, and improved P_n, grain filling duration as well as kernel weight in 1N simultaneously. Moreover, TUS also improved P_n, grain filling rate and kernel weight in 2N.The difference of kernel weight among 1N, 2N and Z was reduced, the uniformity of tillers was improved, and the productive capacity per plant and population were increased under TUS.
In order to clarify the effect of tridimensional uniform sowing(TUS) on productive capacity of wheat tillers, improve the high yield potentiality of TUS technology theory,we conducted a test with the variety of Gaoyou2018(much tillers), two sowing patterns including TUS and conventional drilling(CD), and discussed the effect of TUS on net photosynthetic rate(P_n), grain filling characteristics, biomass, grain yield and harvest index among different tillers. The results showed that compared with CD, 1000-kernel weight of the main stem(Z) in TUS unchanged. In the first tiller(1N), P_n of flag leaf increased by 0.3% at grain filling stage; the duration, slow increase period, exponential increase period, stopping growth period of grain weight reaching the maximum grain filling rate extended 0.12, 0.12,0.11, 0.12 d; respectively. 1000-kernel weight and kernels weight per spike increased 0.5 and 0.03 g, respectively. In the second tiller(2N), P_n increased by 8.0%, and decreased slowly with the development of grain filling process. The maximum grain filling rate, mean grain filling rate, 1000-kernel weight increased by 2.0%, 1.8%, 2.3g, respectively;The biomass, kernels weight per spike, harvest index increased 0.3g, 0.11g, 0.02. respectively. In conclusion, TUS remained 1000-kernel weight of the main stem to be not reduced, and improved P_n, grain filling duration as well as kernel weight in 1N simultaneously. Moreover, TUS also improved P_n, grain filling rate and kernel weight in 2N.The difference of kernel weight among 1N, 2N and Z was reduced, the uniformity of tillers was improved, and the productive capacity per plant and population were increased under TUS.
引文
[1]赵广才,常旭虹,王德梅,等.小麦生产概况及其发展.作物杂志,2018(4):1-7.
[2]Tao Z Q,Wang D M,Chang X H,et al. Effects of zinc fertilizer and short-term high temperature stress on wheat grain production and wheat flour proteins. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2018,17(9):1979-1990.
[3]Tao Z Q,Wang D M,Ma S K,et al. Light interception and radiation use efficiency response to tridimensional uniform sowing in winter wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2018,17(3):566-578.
[4]赵广才.冬小麦主茎和分蘖的植株性状及分蘖合理利用的研究.莱阳农学院学报,1993,10(1):5-11.
[5]赵广才.小麦优质高产栽培理论与技术.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2018:248-254.
[6]赵广才.小麦立体匀播技术绿色节本高产高效.农民科技培训,2016(1):42-44.
[7]常旭虹,赵广才,杨玉双,等.我国农牧交错区耕作方式与施氮量对小麦氮素利用的影响.应用生态学报,2013,24(4):995-1000.
[8]周羊梅,郭文善,封超年,等.不同生育时期小麦茎蘖光合产物的分配.麦类作物学报,2004,24(3):60-63.
[9]Xu H C,Cai T,Wang Z L,et al. Physiological basis for the differences of productive capacity among tillers in winter wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2015,14(10):1958-1970.
[10]中国农业科学院.小麦栽培理论与技术.北京:农业出版社,1979:65.
[11]郭天财,盛坤,冯伟,等.种植密度对两种穗型小麦品种分蘖期茎蘖生理特性的影响.西北植物学报,2009,29(2):350-355.
[12]White E M,Wilson F E A. Responses of grain yield,biomass and harvest index and their rates of genetic progress to nitrogen availability in ten winter wheat varieties. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research,2006,45(1):85-101.
[13]Wiegand C L,Cuellar J A. Duration of grain filling and kernel weight of wheat affected by temperature. Crop Science,1981,21(1):95-101.
[2]Tao Z Q,Wang D M,Chang X H,et al. Effects of zinc fertilizer and short-term high temperature stress on wheat grain production and wheat flour proteins. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2018,17(9):1979-1990.
[3]Tao Z Q,Wang D M,Ma S K,et al. Light interception and radiation use efficiency response to tridimensional uniform sowing in winter wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2018,17(3):566-578.
[4]赵广才.冬小麦主茎和分蘖的植株性状及分蘖合理利用的研究.莱阳农学院学报,1993,10(1):5-11.
[5]赵广才.小麦优质高产栽培理论与技术.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2018:248-254.
[6]赵广才.小麦立体匀播技术绿色节本高产高效.农民科技培训,2016(1):42-44.
[7]常旭虹,赵广才,杨玉双,等.我国农牧交错区耕作方式与施氮量对小麦氮素利用的影响.应用生态学报,2013,24(4):995-1000.
[8]周羊梅,郭文善,封超年,等.不同生育时期小麦茎蘖光合产物的分配.麦类作物学报,2004,24(3):60-63.
[9]Xu H C,Cai T,Wang Z L,et al. Physiological basis for the differences of productive capacity among tillers in winter wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2015,14(10):1958-1970.
[10]中国农业科学院.小麦栽培理论与技术.北京:农业出版社,1979:65.
[11]郭天财,盛坤,冯伟,等.种植密度对两种穗型小麦品种分蘖期茎蘖生理特性的影响.西北植物学报,2009,29(2):350-355.
[12]White E M,Wilson F E A. Responses of grain yield,biomass and harvest index and their rates of genetic progress to nitrogen availability in ten winter wheat varieties. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research,2006,45(1):85-101.
[13]Wiegand C L,Cuellar J A. Duration of grain filling and kernel weight of wheat affected by temperature. Crop Science,1981,21(1):95-101.