黔南双龙泉铅锌矿床热液方解石C-O同位素和REE地球化学特征
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摘要
双龙泉铅锌矿床是牛角塘铅锌矿田的重要组成部分,位于其东北部。矿床以锌为主,锌金属储量约8.5×10~7kg。牛角塘铅锌矿田以往的研究主要集中在马坡矿段,对其它矿段矿床的研究相对薄弱。本文通过对双龙泉矿床热液方解石的C-O同位素和REE地球化学研究,以期为整体认识牛角塘铅锌矿田的成因提供更加丰富的信息。方解石中除Zn和Cd有一定程度富集外,其余微量元素均呈现不同程度的亏损,显示双龙泉铅锌矿床低温成矿的特征及其它热液矿物的存在。方解石REE的富集特征及相关参数表明,赋矿围岩为成矿提供了部分物质,且成矿是在还原的条件下进行的,方解石和围岩的C-O组成,进一步表明赋矿围岩参与了成矿,且碳酸盐矿物在形成大量硫化物矿石中扮演重要角色。综上,双龙泉铅锌矿床具有后生低温成矿特征,但成矿作用(环境)极其特殊。
The Shuanglongquan Pb-Zn deposit, an important part the Niujiaotang Pb-Zn ore field, is located in the northeastern Niujiantang area. The deposit is dominated by Zn with its Zn metal reserves of about 85000 tons. Previous studies are mainly concentrated on studying the Mapo ore block of the Niujiaotang Pb-Zn ore field with little on studying other ore sections. In this paper, to provide more detailed information for overall understanding the genesis of the Niujiaotang Pb-Zn ore field, we have carried out a study on the C-O isotopes, trace elements, and REE geochemistry of the hydrothermal calcite in the Shuanglongquan deposit. With the exception of a certain enrichment of Zn and Cd, other trace elements of the calcite are generally depleted in different degrees, indicating the low temperature metallogenic characteristics of the Shuanglongquan Pb-Zn deposit and the existence of other hydrothermal minerals in the deposit. The REE enrichment characteristics of the calcite and relevant parameters indicate that the host wall rocks could have provided part of ore-forming materials for the mineralization which occurred under reduced environment. The C and O isotopic compositions of calcite and wall rocks further indicate that wall rocks were involved in the mineralization, and carbonate minerals could have played an important role in the formation of large amounts of sulfide ores. In summary, the Shuanglongquan Pb-Zn deposit has characteristics of epigenetic low-temperature mineralization under extremely special environment.
The Shuanglongquan Pb-Zn deposit, an important part the Niujiaotang Pb-Zn ore field, is located in the northeastern Niujiantang area. The deposit is dominated by Zn with its Zn metal reserves of about 85000 tons. Previous studies are mainly concentrated on studying the Mapo ore block of the Niujiaotang Pb-Zn ore field with little on studying other ore sections. In this paper, to provide more detailed information for overall understanding the genesis of the Niujiaotang Pb-Zn ore field, we have carried out a study on the C-O isotopes, trace elements, and REE geochemistry of the hydrothermal calcite in the Shuanglongquan deposit. With the exception of a certain enrichment of Zn and Cd, other trace elements of the calcite are generally depleted in different degrees, indicating the low temperature metallogenic characteristics of the Shuanglongquan Pb-Zn deposit and the existence of other hydrothermal minerals in the deposit. The REE enrichment characteristics of the calcite and relevant parameters indicate that the host wall rocks could have provided part of ore-forming materials for the mineralization which occurred under reduced environment. The C and O isotopic compositions of calcite and wall rocks further indicate that wall rocks were involved in the mineralization, and carbonate minerals could have played an important role in the formation of large amounts of sulfide ores. In summary, the Shuanglongquan Pb-Zn deposit has characteristics of epigenetic low-temperature mineralization under extremely special environment.
引文
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[14]陈国勇,钟奕天,黄根深.都匀牛角塘锌矿床地质特征及成矿控制条件初探[J].贵州地质,1992,9(3):203-212.
[15]谭华.贵州牛角塘锌矿床地质特征及外围找矿潜力分析[J].南方国土资源,2012,(7):26-29.
[16]金灿海,张玙,张达,等.贵州都匀牛角塘铅锌矿床成矿模式[J].矿床地质,2014,33(S1):699-700.
[17]杨坤光,李学刚,戴传固,等.黔东南隔槽式褶皱成因分析[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):53-60.
[18]匡文龙,向世超,肖文舟,等.湘西北地区铅锌矿床成矿地质特征及矿床成因研究[J].矿床地质,2015,34(5):1072-1082.
[19]蔡应雄,杨红梅,段瑞春,等.湘西-黔东下寒武统铅锌矿床流体包裹体和硫、铅、碳同位素地球化学特征[J].现代地质,2014,28(1):29-41.
[20]李明道,袁先顺.曼洞断层与牛角塘断层的主要特征及两者关系探讨[J].贵州地质,1998,15(3):240-245.
[21]Qi L,Hu J,Gregoire DC.Determination of trace elements in granites by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Talanta,2000,51(3):507-513
[22]Taylor SR,McLennan SM.The geochemical evolution of the continental crust[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1995,33(2):241-265.
[23]Sun SS,Mcdonough WF.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:implications for mantle composition and processes[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,1989,42(1):313-345.
[24]刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,等.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984,360-420.
[25]Ye L,Cook NJ,Ciobanu CL,et al.Trace and minor elements in sphalerite from base metal deposits in South China:a LA-ICPMS study[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2011,39(4):188-217.
[26]Lottermoser BG.Rare earth elements and hydrothermal ore formation processes[J].Ore Geology Reviews,1992,7(1):25-41.
[27]Haas JR,Shock EL,Sassani DC.Rare earth elements in hydrothermal systems:estimates of standard partial molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous complexes of the rare earth elements at high pressures and temperatures[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(21):4329-4350.
[28]Wood SA.The aqueous geochemistry of the rare-earth elements and yttrium:1.Review of available low-temperature data for inorganic complexes and the inorganic REE speciation of natural waters[J].Chemical Geology,1990,82:159-186.
[29]Zhong SJ,Mucci A.Partitioning of rare earth elements(REEs)between calcite and seawater solutions at 25℃and 1 atm,and high dissolved REEconcentrations[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(3):443-453.
[30]Rimstidt JD,Balog A,Webb J.Distribution of trace elements between carbonate minerals and aqueous solutions[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998,62(11):1851-1863.
[31]Ma Y,Liu C.Trace element geochemistry during chemical weathering as exemplified by the weathered crust of granite,Longnan,Jiangxi[J].Chinese.Sci.Bull.,1999,44(24):2260-2263.
[32]Chen Y,Fu S.Variation of REE patterns in early Precambrian sediments:Theoretical study and evidence from the southern margin of the northern China craton[J].Chinese.Sci.Bull.,1991,36(l3):1100-1104.
[33]Taylor HP,Frechen J,Degens ET.Oxygen and carbon isotope studies of carbonatites from the Laacher See District,West Germany and the Aln?District,Sweden[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1967,31:407-430.
[34]Demény A,Ahijado A,Casillas R,et al.Crustal contamination and fluid/rock interaction in the carbonatites of Fuerteventura(Canary Islands,Spain):A C,O,H isotope study[J].Lithos,1998,44(3):101-115.
[35]Hoefs J.Stable isotope geochemistry(sixth edition)[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,2009.
[36]Veizer J,Hoefs J.The nature of O18/O16 and C13/C12 secular trends in sedimentary carbonate rocks[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1976,40,1387-1395.
[37]Zheng YF.Carbon-oxygen isotopic covariation in hydrothermal calcite during degassing of CO2[J].Mineralium Deposita,1990,25(4):246-250.
[38]Zheng YF,Hoefs J.Carbon and oxygen isotopic covariations in hydrothermal calcites[J].Mineralium Deposita,1993,28(2):79-89.
[2]Zhou JX,Xiang ZZ,Zhou MF,et al.The giant Upper Yangtze Pb-Zn province in SW China:Reviews,new advances and a new genetic model[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2018,154:280-315.
[3]金中国,周家喜,黄智龙,等.贵州普定纳雍枝铅锌矿矿床成因:S和原位Pb同位素证据[J].岩石学报,2016,32(11):3441-3455.
[4]崔银亮,周家喜,黄智龙,等.云南富乐铅锌矿床地质、地球化学及成因[J].岩石学报,2018,34(1):194-206.
[5]Zhou JX,Wang XC,Wilde SA,et al.New insights into the metallogeny of MVT Zn-Pb deposits:A case study from the Nayongzhi in South China,using field data,fluid compositions,and in situ S-Pb isotopes[J].American Mineralogist,2018,103(1):91-108.
[6]Zhou JX,Luo K,Wang XC,et al.Ore genesis of the Fule Pb-Zn deposit and its relationship with the Emeishan Large Igneous Province:Evidence from mineralogy,bulk C-O-S and in situ S-Pb isotopes[J].Gondwana Research,2018,54:161-179.
[7]周家喜,黄智龙,周国富,等.黔西北天桥铅锌矿床热液方解石C、O同位素和REE地球化学[J].大地构造与成矿学,2012,36(1):93-101.
[8]Zhou J,Huang Z,Yan Z.The origin of the Maozu carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit,southwest China:constrained by C-O-S-Pb isotopic compositions and Sm-Nd isotopic age[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,73:39-47.
[9]黄智龙,陈进,韩润生,等.云南会泽铅锌矿床脉石矿物方解石REE地球化学[J].矿物学报,2001,21(4):659-666.
[10]Ye L,Cook NJ,Liu T G,et al.The Niujiaotang Cd-rich zinc deposit,Duyun,Guizhou Province,Southwest China:ore genesis and mechanisms of cadmium concentration[J].Mineralium Deposita,2012,47:683-700
[11]刘铁庚,叶霖.都匀牛角塘大型独立镉矿床的地质地球化学特征[J].矿物学报,2000,20(3):279-285.
[12]张江江.黔南坳陷构造演化研究[D].硕士学位论文,北京:中国石油大学,2010.
[13]秦守荣,张明发,龚梅,等.贵州的印支运动[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2009,29(2):100-103.
[14]陈国勇,钟奕天,黄根深.都匀牛角塘锌矿床地质特征及成矿控制条件初探[J].贵州地质,1992,9(3):203-212.
[15]谭华.贵州牛角塘锌矿床地质特征及外围找矿潜力分析[J].南方国土资源,2012,(7):26-29.
[16]金灿海,张玙,张达,等.贵州都匀牛角塘铅锌矿床成矿模式[J].矿床地质,2014,33(S1):699-700.
[17]杨坤光,李学刚,戴传固,等.黔东南隔槽式褶皱成因分析[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):53-60.
[18]匡文龙,向世超,肖文舟,等.湘西北地区铅锌矿床成矿地质特征及矿床成因研究[J].矿床地质,2015,34(5):1072-1082.
[19]蔡应雄,杨红梅,段瑞春,等.湘西-黔东下寒武统铅锌矿床流体包裹体和硫、铅、碳同位素地球化学特征[J].现代地质,2014,28(1):29-41.
[20]李明道,袁先顺.曼洞断层与牛角塘断层的主要特征及两者关系探讨[J].贵州地质,1998,15(3):240-245.
[21]Qi L,Hu J,Gregoire DC.Determination of trace elements in granites by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Talanta,2000,51(3):507-513
[22]Taylor SR,McLennan SM.The geochemical evolution of the continental crust[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1995,33(2):241-265.
[23]Sun SS,Mcdonough WF.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:implications for mantle composition and processes[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,1989,42(1):313-345.
[24]刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,等.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984,360-420.
[25]Ye L,Cook NJ,Ciobanu CL,et al.Trace and minor elements in sphalerite from base metal deposits in South China:a LA-ICPMS study[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2011,39(4):188-217.
[26]Lottermoser BG.Rare earth elements and hydrothermal ore formation processes[J].Ore Geology Reviews,1992,7(1):25-41.
[27]Haas JR,Shock EL,Sassani DC.Rare earth elements in hydrothermal systems:estimates of standard partial molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous complexes of the rare earth elements at high pressures and temperatures[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(21):4329-4350.
[28]Wood SA.The aqueous geochemistry of the rare-earth elements and yttrium:1.Review of available low-temperature data for inorganic complexes and the inorganic REE speciation of natural waters[J].Chemical Geology,1990,82:159-186.
[29]Zhong SJ,Mucci A.Partitioning of rare earth elements(REEs)between calcite and seawater solutions at 25℃and 1 atm,and high dissolved REEconcentrations[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(3):443-453.
[30]Rimstidt JD,Balog A,Webb J.Distribution of trace elements between carbonate minerals and aqueous solutions[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998,62(11):1851-1863.
[31]Ma Y,Liu C.Trace element geochemistry during chemical weathering as exemplified by the weathered crust of granite,Longnan,Jiangxi[J].Chinese.Sci.Bull.,1999,44(24):2260-2263.
[32]Chen Y,Fu S.Variation of REE patterns in early Precambrian sediments:Theoretical study and evidence from the southern margin of the northern China craton[J].Chinese.Sci.Bull.,1991,36(l3):1100-1104.
[33]Taylor HP,Frechen J,Degens ET.Oxygen and carbon isotope studies of carbonatites from the Laacher See District,West Germany and the Aln?District,Sweden[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1967,31:407-430.
[34]Demény A,Ahijado A,Casillas R,et al.Crustal contamination and fluid/rock interaction in the carbonatites of Fuerteventura(Canary Islands,Spain):A C,O,H isotope study[J].Lithos,1998,44(3):101-115.
[35]Hoefs J.Stable isotope geochemistry(sixth edition)[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,2009.
[36]Veizer J,Hoefs J.The nature of O18/O16 and C13/C12 secular trends in sedimentary carbonate rocks[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1976,40,1387-1395.
[37]Zheng YF.Carbon-oxygen isotopic covariation in hydrothermal calcite during degassing of CO2[J].Mineralium Deposita,1990,25(4):246-250.
[38]Zheng YF,Hoefs J.Carbon and oxygen isotopic covariations in hydrothermal calcites[J].Mineralium Deposita,1993,28(2):79-89.