淮河流域风场垂直结构特征分析
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摘要
为进一步加深南北气候过渡带上山地丘陵地区的风场认识,利用淮南2015年3月至2016年2月ST(Stratosphere-Troposphere)风廓线雷达的探测资料,分析了该地区20 km高度内风场的变化特征及垂直结构。结果表明:淮河流域850 h Pa、700 hPa、500 h Pa、100 h Pa等压面高度上,风场有明显的垂直变化,风速及其波动幅度随春、夏、秋、冬先减小后增大,且随高度增加,夏季最小、冬季最大的季节规律逐渐增强;风场的垂直分布存在差异,在中低层以下,以小于10 m/s的风为主,风向转换多,中低层以上10～25 m/s的偏西风居多;年平均风场结构为低层以5 m/s北风为主,到2 km左右向西偏转,风速小于10 m/s,在5 km高度处形成15 m/s的西风,且风速持续增大,10 km左右达到25 m/s后逐渐减小,到15 km左右风向顺时针向北偏转,直到20 km附近与低空风场相近。
To further understand wind fields in mountains and hilly areas in the north-south climate transition zone,based on the March 2015 to February 2016 observational data of ST(stratosphere-troposphere) wind profiler radar, the variation characteristics, and vertical structure of 20-km high wind fields in Huainan were analyzed. The results show the following: In Huaihe River valley, the wind field exhibited significant vertical changes at 850 hPa, 700 hPa, 500 hPa, and100 hPa; through the seasons, the wind speed and its amplitude first decreased and then increased; they were minimum in summer, followed by in autumn, and maximum in winter, whereby the seasonal variation amplified with increasing height. The vertical distribution of the wind field displayed a great difference; the speed was mainly less than 10 m/s, and the wind directions below the middle and lower levels shifted; western winds of 10-25 m/s dominated the region above these levels. As observed from the annual wind vertical structure, in the lower level, mainly about 5 m/s southern wind turned to the west with less than 10 m/s at 2 km height; 15 m/s western wind was developed at 5 km height; its speed continued to increase and reached 25 m/s at 10 km height; when turning north from 15 km height, it gradually decreases to a level closer to that of the lower wind field until about 20 km.
To further understand wind fields in mountains and hilly areas in the north-south climate transition zone,based on the March 2015 to February 2016 observational data of ST(stratosphere-troposphere) wind profiler radar, the variation characteristics, and vertical structure of 20-km high wind fields in Huainan were analyzed. The results show the following: In Huaihe River valley, the wind field exhibited significant vertical changes at 850 hPa, 700 hPa, 500 hPa, and100 hPa; through the seasons, the wind speed and its amplitude first decreased and then increased; they were minimum in summer, followed by in autumn, and maximum in winter, whereby the seasonal variation amplified with increasing height. The vertical distribution of the wind field displayed a great difference; the speed was mainly less than 10 m/s, and the wind directions below the middle and lower levels shifted; western winds of 10-25 m/s dominated the region above these levels. As observed from the annual wind vertical structure, in the lower level, mainly about 5 m/s southern wind turned to the west with less than 10 m/s at 2 km height; 15 m/s western wind was developed at 5 km height; its speed continued to increase and reached 25 m/s at 10 km height; when turning north from 15 km height, it gradually decreases to a level closer to that of the lower wind field until about 20 km.
引文
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中国气象学会,8pp.Fan Jingjing,Zhang Jian,Zhang Liming,et al.2015.Analysis of winter sea-land breeze characteristics in Shenzhen with Wind Profiler Radar[C]//The 32th Chinese Meteorological Society(in Chinese).Tianjin:Chinese Meteorological Society,8pp.
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Luce H,Fukao S,Yamamoto M.2001.Validation of winds measured by MU Radar with GPS Radiosondes during the MUTSI campaign[J].J.Atmos.Oceanic Technol.,18:817-829.doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0817:VOWMBM>2.0.CO;2
吕明华,闫江雨,姚仁太,等.2012.风向的统计方法研究[J].气象与环境学报,28(3):83-89.Lv Huaming,Yan Jiangyu,Yao Rentai,et al.2012.Study on the statistical method of wind direction[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment(in Chinese),28(3):83-89.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2012.03.015
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孙旭映,韩晖,段海霞,等.2008.风廓线仪与气球测风资料的对比分析[J].干旱气象,26(3):48-52.Sun Xuying,Han Hui,Duan Haixia,et al.2008.Comparative analysis on wind data from atmospheric wind profiler and balloon sounding[J].Arid Meteorology(in Chinese),26(3):48-52.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7639.2008.03.009
王海霞,张宏升,李云峰,等.2013.上海浦东国际机场低层大气垂直风场特征研究[J].气象,39:1500-1506.Wang Haixia,Zhang Hongsheng,Li Yunfeng,et al.2013.Study on characteristics of vertical wind field in lower atmosphere over Shanghai Pudong international airport[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),39:1500-1506.doi:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2013.11.014
王柯,何清,王敏仲,等.2012.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地边界层风场特征[J].中国沙漠,32:1029-1034.Wang Ke,He Qing,Wang Minzhong,et al.2012.Wind field at boundary layer in hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research(in Chinese),32:1029-1034.
王欣,卞林根,彭浩,等.2005.风廓线仪系统探测试验与应用[J].应用气象学报,16:693-698.Wang Xin,Bian Lingen,Peng Hao,et al.2005.The atmospheric Wind Profiler and radio acoustic sounding system with its applications[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(in Chinese),16:693-698.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2005.05.017
韦志刚,陈文,黄荣辉.2010.敦煌夏末大气垂直结构和边界层高度特征[J].大气科学,34(5):905-913.Wei Zhigang,Chen Wen,Huang Ronghui.2010.Vertical atmospheric structure and boundary layer height in the summer clear days over Dunhuang[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),34(5):905-913.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2010.05.06
WMO.1996.Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation[M].7th ed.Genena:WMO,222-239.
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吴志根,徐同,丁若洋,等.2013.上海组网边界层风廓线雷达与宝山二次雷达测风数据比较分析[J].气象,39:370-376.Wu Zhigen,Xu Tong,Ding Ruoyang,et al.2013.Comparison of wind data measured by Shanghai network wind profilers and Baoshan GFE(L)-1 sounding radar[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),39:370-376.doi:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2013.03.012气象:2013,39(3):370-376.
徐安伦,钟爱华,孙绩华,等.2016.大理地区对流层至低平流层大气垂直结构的特征分析[J].高原气象,35:77-85.Xu Anlun,Zhong Aihua,Sun Jihua,et al.2016.Vertical structure characteristic from troposphere to low stratosphere in Dali region over the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),35:77-85.doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00136
徐海,邹捍,李鹏,等.2014.藏东南林芝机场低层风场垂直结构与变化特征[J].高原气象,33:355-360.Xu Hai,Zou Han,Li Peng,et al.2014.Vertical structure and variation of wind field over Nyingchi airport southeast Tibet[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),33:335-360.doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00009
张爱英,任国玉,郭军,等.2009.近30年我国高空风速变化趋势分析[J].高原气象,28:680-687.Zhang Aiying,Ren Guoyu,Guo Jun,et al.2009.Change trend analyses on upper-air wind speed over China in past 30 years[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),28:680-687.
赵兴炳,李跃清.2006.风廓线雷达原理及其在高原地区探测结果初析[J].四川气象,26(2):24-26.Zhao Xingbing,Li Yueqing.2006.Principle of wind-profile radar and prime analysis of detected results in the plateau region[J].Journal of Sichuan Meteorology(in Chinese),26(2):24-26.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184.2006.02.010
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邓闯,阮征,魏鸣,等.2012.风廓线雷达测风精度评估[J].应用气象学报,23:523-533.Deng Chuang,Ruan Zheng,Wei Ming,et al.2012.The evaluation of wind measurement accuracy by wnd profile radar[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(in Chinese),23:523-533.
董保举,李建,孙绩华,等.2016.青藏高原东南缘低层风场垂直结构与变化特征[J].高原气象,35:597-607.Dong Baoju,Li Jian,Sun Jihua,et al.2016.Vertical structure and variation characteristics of wind field in low-level atmosphere in the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),35:597-607.doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00041
董保举,张晔,徐安伦,等.2011.风廓线雷达测风和气球测风资料对比分析[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),33(S1):18-25.Dong Baoju,Zhang Ye,Xu Anlun,et al.2011.Comparative analysis on wind data from wind profiler radar and balloon sounding[J].Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences)(in Chinese),33(S1):18-25.
董丽萍,吴蕾,王令,等.2014.风廓线雷达组网资料初步对比分析[J].气象,40:1145-1151.Dong Liping,Wu Lei,Wang Ling,et al.2014.Preliminary comparison research of the wind profile radar network data[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),40:1145-1151.doi:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2014.09.012
范进进,张坚,张立明,等.2015.基于风廓线雷达资料的深圳地区冬季海陆风特征分析[C]//第32届中国气象学会年会S16地基遥感观测技术与应用.天津:
中国气象学会,8pp.Fan Jingjing,Zhang Jian,Zhang Liming,et al.2015.Analysis of winter sea-land breeze characteristics in Shenzhen with Wind Profiler Radar[C]//The 32th Chinese Meteorological Society(in Chinese).Tianjin:Chinese Meteorological Society,8pp.
Frisch A S,Weber B L,Strauch R G,et al.1986.The altitude coverage of the Colorado wind profilers at 50,405 and 915 MHz[J].J.Atmos.Oceanic Technol.,3:680-692.doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1986)003<0680:TACOTC>2.0.CO;2
李晨光,刘淑媛,陶祖钰.2003.华南暴雨试验期间香港风廓线雷达资料的评估[J].热带气象学报,19:269-276.Li Chenguang,Liu Shuyuan,Tao Zuyu.2003.Review of wind profiler data of Hongkong during IOP of Huamex and Scsmex[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology(in Chinese),19:269-276.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2003.03.006
刘天齐.1982.环境保护概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,97-98.Liu Tianqi.1982.Summarization of Environmental Protection(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,97-98.
Luce H,Fukao S,Yamamoto M.2001.Validation of winds measured by MU Radar with GPS Radiosondes during the MUTSI campaign[J].J.Atmos.Oceanic Technol.,18:817-829.doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0817:VOWMBM>2.0.CO;2
吕明华,闫江雨,姚仁太,等.2012.风向的统计方法研究[J].气象与环境学报,28(3):83-89.Lv Huaming,Yan Jiangyu,Yao Rentai,et al.2012.Study on the statistical method of wind direction[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment(in Chinese),28(3):83-89.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2012.03.015
Mihalikova M,Kirkwood S,Arnault J,et al.2012.Observation of a tropopause fold by MARA VHF wind-profiler radar and ozonesonde at Wasa,Antarctica:Comparison with ECMWF analysis and a WRFmodel simulation[J].Ann.Geophys.,30:1411-1421.
曲巧娜,盛春岩,孙青,等.2016.风廓线雷达与L波段探空雷达测风资料的对比[J].干旱气象,34:1078-1086.Qu Qiaona,Sheng Chunyan,Sun Qing,et al.2016.Comparison of horizontal wind between wind profile radar and L band sounding radar[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology(in Chinese),34:1078-1086.
盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,等.2002.大气物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,240-241.Sheng Peixuan,Mao Jietai,Li Jianguo,et al.2002.Atmospheric Physics(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,240-241.
孙旭映,韩晖,段海霞,等.2008.风廓线仪与气球测风资料的对比分析[J].干旱气象,26(3):48-52.Sun Xuying,Han Hui,Duan Haixia,et al.2008.Comparative analysis on wind data from atmospheric wind profiler and balloon sounding[J].Arid Meteorology(in Chinese),26(3):48-52.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7639.2008.03.009
王海霞,张宏升,李云峰,等.2013.上海浦东国际机场低层大气垂直风场特征研究[J].气象,39:1500-1506.Wang Haixia,Zhang Hongsheng,Li Yunfeng,et al.2013.Study on characteristics of vertical wind field in lower atmosphere over Shanghai Pudong international airport[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),39:1500-1506.doi:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2013.11.014
王柯,何清,王敏仲,等.2012.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地边界层风场特征[J].中国沙漠,32:1029-1034.Wang Ke,He Qing,Wang Minzhong,et al.2012.Wind field at boundary layer in hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research(in Chinese),32:1029-1034.
王欣,卞林根,彭浩,等.2005.风廓线仪系统探测试验与应用[J].应用气象学报,16:693-698.Wang Xin,Bian Lingen,Peng Hao,et al.2005.The atmospheric Wind Profiler and radio acoustic sounding system with its applications[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(in Chinese),16:693-698.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2005.05.017
韦志刚,陈文,黄荣辉.2010.敦煌夏末大气垂直结构和边界层高度特征[J].大气科学,34(5):905-913.Wei Zhigang,Chen Wen,Huang Ronghui.2010.Vertical atmospheric structure and boundary layer height in the summer clear days over Dunhuang[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),34(5):905-913.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2010.05.06
WMO.1996.Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation[M].7th ed.Genena:WMO,222-239.
WMO.2008.Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation[M].7th ed.Genena:WMO,1-19.
吴志根,徐同,丁若洋,等.2013.上海组网边界层风廓线雷达与宝山二次雷达测风数据比较分析[J].气象,39:370-376.Wu Zhigen,Xu Tong,Ding Ruoyang,et al.2013.Comparison of wind data measured by Shanghai network wind profilers and Baoshan GFE(L)-1 sounding radar[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),39:370-376.doi:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2013.03.012气象:2013,39(3):370-376.
徐安伦,钟爱华,孙绩华,等.2016.大理地区对流层至低平流层大气垂直结构的特征分析[J].高原气象,35:77-85.Xu Anlun,Zhong Aihua,Sun Jihua,et al.2016.Vertical structure characteristic from troposphere to low stratosphere in Dali region over the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),35:77-85.doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00136
徐海,邹捍,李鹏,等.2014.藏东南林芝机场低层风场垂直结构与变化特征[J].高原气象,33:355-360.Xu Hai,Zou Han,Li Peng,et al.2014.Vertical structure and variation of wind field over Nyingchi airport southeast Tibet[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),33:335-360.doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00009
张爱英,任国玉,郭军,等.2009.近30年我国高空风速变化趋势分析[J].高原气象,28:680-687.Zhang Aiying,Ren Guoyu,Guo Jun,et al.2009.Change trend analyses on upper-air wind speed over China in past 30 years[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),28:680-687.
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