香豆素对入侵植物节节麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
为探讨利用化感物质香豆素对入侵植物节节麦Aegilops tauschii进行生物防控的可行性,采用培养皿生物检测法,研究了50, 100, 150 mg·L~(-1)等3种质量浓度香豆素溶液对其种子萌发及幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:随质量浓度的增加,香豆素溶液显著降低了节节麦种子发芽率、发芽指数,以及幼苗苗高和根长的生长。从抑制率(RI)可知,香豆素溶液对节节麦种子萌发及幼苗生长存在质量浓度效应的抑制作用。此外,不同质量浓度香豆素溶液处理对根长的RI值均明显大于苗高,表明香豆素对节节麦幼苗根长生长的抑制作用大于苗高。幼苗生长试验中,仅50 mg·L~(-1)溶液处理中,至第10天时相对电导率及丙二醛质量摩尔浓度较第5天时增加未达到显著水平,这可能是节节麦通过自身调节机制对香豆素造成的损伤进行积极修复的结果。而150 mg·L~(-1)溶液处理中,至第15天时脯氨酸质量分数较第10天时增加不显著,而超氧化物歧化酶活性则呈下降趋势。表明香豆素150 mg·L~(-1)溶液处理第15天已超出节节麦的适应承受范围。以上结果显示:150 mg·L~(-1)香豆素溶液对节节麦种子萌发具有较强的化感抑制作用,并通过影响植株抗氧化酶系统、细胞膜透性及膜脂过氧化作用等途径调节节节麦的生长。
To determine the allelopathic inhibition of coumarin on Aegilops tauschii and the feasibility of using coumarin as a biological method for invasive plant control, the effects of coumarin with different concentrations(50, 100, 150 mg·L~(-1)) on A. tauschii seed germination and seedling growth were evaluated in a sand-culture experiment. Results showed that compared with a control, the germination rate, germination index, growth of seedling height, and root length were inhibited with increase of coumarin solution treatment. The inhibitory effect of coumarin on the growth of root length was greater than that of seedling height based on the value of the inhibition rate. Only with the 50 mg·L~(-1) coumarin solution treatment did the relative conductivity and MDA content not increase significantly at 10 d compared with at 5 d(P<0.05). With the 150 mg·L~(-1) coumarin solution treatment, the proline content did not increase significantly, and the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity decreased at 15 d compared with at 10 d. The above results indicated that 150 mg·L~(-1) coumarin solution had a strong allelopathic and inhibitory effect on seed germination of A. tauschii and could regulate seedling growth of A. tauschii by changing antioxidant enzyme systems, cell membrane permeability, and membrane lipid peroxidation.
To determine the allelopathic inhibition of coumarin on Aegilops tauschii and the feasibility of using coumarin as a biological method for invasive plant control, the effects of coumarin with different concentrations(50, 100, 150 mg·L~(-1)) on A. tauschii seed germination and seedling growth were evaluated in a sand-culture experiment. Results showed that compared with a control, the germination rate, germination index, growth of seedling height, and root length were inhibited with increase of coumarin solution treatment. The inhibitory effect of coumarin on the growth of root length was greater than that of seedling height based on the value of the inhibition rate. Only with the 50 mg·L~(-1) coumarin solution treatment did the relative conductivity and MDA content not increase significantly at 10 d compared with at 5 d(P<0.05). With the 150 mg·L~(-1) coumarin solution treatment, the proline content did not increase significantly, and the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity decreased at 15 d compared with at 10 d. The above results indicated that 150 mg·L~(-1) coumarin solution had a strong allelopathic and inhibitory effect on seed germination of A. tauschii and could regulate seedling growth of A. tauschii by changing antioxidant enzyme systems, cell membrane permeability, and membrane lipid peroxidation.
引文
[1]王建花,陈婷,林文雄.植物化感作用类型及其在农业中的应用[J].中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21(10):1173-1183.WANG Jianhua, CHEN Ting, LIN Wenxiong. Plant allelopathy types and their application in agriculture[J]. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2013, 21(10):1173-1183.
[2] DUKE S O. Allelopathy:current status of research and future of the discipline:a commentary[J]. Allelopathy J, 2010,25(1):17-30.
[3]邬彩霞,刘苏娇,赵国琦.黄花草木樨水浸提液中潜在化感物质的分离、鉴定[J].草业学报, 2014, 23(5):184-192.WU Caixia, LIU Sujiao, ZHAO Guoqi. Isolation and identification of the potential allelochemicals in the aqueous extract of yellow sweet clover(Melilotus officinalis)[J]. Acta Pratac Sin, 2014, 23(5):184-192.
[4]邬彩霞,刘苏娇,赵国琦,等.黄花草木樨对杂草的化感作用研究[J].草地学报, 2015, 23(1):82-88.WU Caixia, LIU Sujiao, ZHAO Guoqi, et al. The allelopathy of yellow sweet of clover on weeds[J]. Acta Agrestia Sin,23(1):82-88.
[5]邬彩霞,赵国琦,刘苏娇,等.黄花草木樨水浸液中香豆素的含量及其对7种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学, 2014, 31(12):2262-2269.WU Caixia, ZHAO Guoqi, LIU Sujiao, et al. The content and effects of coumarin in the aqueous extract of yellow sweet clover[J]. Pratac Sci, 2014, 31(12):2262-2269.
[6]王婧怡,姚丹丹,徐军,等.香豆素对苏丹草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学, 2017, 34(11):2279-2288.WANG Jingyi, YAO Dandan, XU Jun, et al. Effect of coumarin on Soughum sudanense seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Pratac Sci, 2017, 34(11):2279-2288.
[7]姚丹丹,王婧怡,周倩,等.香豆素对多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长化感作用的机理研究[J].草业学报, 2017,26(2):136-145.YAO Dandan, WANG Jingyi, ZHOU Qian, et al. Effect of coumarin on Italian ryegrass seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Acta Pratac Sin, 2017, 26(2):136-145.
[8]覃逸明,聂刘旺,黄雨清,等.凤丹(Paeonia ostii T.)自毒物质的检测及其作用机制[J].生态学报, 2009, 29(3):1153-1161.QIN Yiming, NIE Liuwang, HUANG Yuqing, et al. Detection of Paeonia ostii autotoxins and their mechanism[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2009, 29(3):1153-1161.
[9] CHON S U, CHOI S K, JUNG S, et al. Effects of alfalfa leaf extracts and phenolic allelochemicals on early seedling growth and root morphology of alfalfa and barnyard grass[J]. Crop Prot, 2002, 21(10):1077-1082.
[10] RAZAVI S M, ZARRINI G, ZAHRI S. Biological activity of Prangos uloptera DC. roots, a medicinal plant from Iran[J]. Nat Prod Res, 2010, 24(9):797-803.
[11]王晓阳.节节麦(Aegilops tauschii Coss)生物学特性和遗传多样性[D].北京:中国农业科学院, 2017.WANG Xiaoyang. The Biological Characteristics and Genetic Diversity of Aegilops tauschii Coss.[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2017.
[12]房锋,张朝贤,黄红娟,等.麦田节节麦发生动态及其对小麦产量的影响[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(14):3917-3923.FANG Feng, ZHANG Chaoxian, HUANG Hongjuan, et al. The occurrence of Tausch’sgoatgrass(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)in wheat fields and its effect on wheat yield[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2014, 34(14):3917-3923.
[13]房锋,高兴祥,魏守辉,等.麦田恶性杂草节节麦在中国的发生发展[J].草业学报, 2015, 24(2):194-201.FANG Feng, GAO Xingxiang, WEI Shouhui, et al. Occurrence and effects of Aegilops tauschii in China[J]. Acta Pratac Sin, 2015, 24(2):194-201.
[14]段美生,杨宽林,李香菊,等.河北省南部小麦田节节麦发生特点及综合防除措施研究[J].河北农业科学,2005, 9(1):72-74.DUAN Meisheng, YANG Kuanlin, LI Xiangju, et al. Studies on characteristic of Aegilops squarrosa occurrence and integrated control approaches in winter wheat in the South of Hebei Province[J]. J Hebei Agric Sci, 2005, 9(1):72-74.
[15]王宁,袁美丽,陈浩.小麦水浸提液对节节麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2018, 35(1):112-120.WANG Ning, YUAN Meili, CHEN Hao. Seed germination and seedling growth of Aegilops tauschii with wheat extracts[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2018, 35(1):112-120.
[16]隋标峰.节节麦(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)不同种群对甲基二磺隆的敏感性差异研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院, 2010.SUI Biaofeng. Basis of Variable Sensitivity to Mesosulfuron-methyl in Different Tausch’s goatgrass(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)Population[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2010.
[17]谢艳红.不同小麦对甲基二磺隆耐药性及安全剂对耐药性的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2004.XIE Yanhong. Effects of Different Wheat on Mesosulfuron-resistance and Safenerson Drug Resistance[D]. Beijing:China Agricultural University, 2004.
[18]李美娜,李志华.紫花苜蓿茎叶浸提液对波斯婆婆纳化感效应的研究[J].中国草地学报, 2010, 32(1):69-74.LI Meina, LI Zhihua. Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts from stems and leaves of alfalfa on persian speedwell[J]. Chin J Grassl, 2010, 32(1):69-74.
[19] WILLIAMSON G B, RICHARDSON D. Bioassays for allelopathy:measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J]. J Chem Ecol, 1988, 14(1):181-187.
[20]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2000.
[21]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000.
[22]黄洪武,李俊,董立尧,等.加拿大一枝黄花对植物化感作用的研究[J].南京农业大学学报, 2009, 32(1):48-54.HUANG Hongwu, LI Jun, DONG Liyao, et al. The study on allelopathy of Solidago canadensis L. to several plants[J]. J Nanjing Agric Univ, 2009, 32(1):48-54.
[23]皇甫超河,陈冬青,王楠楠,等.外来入侵植物黄顶菊与四种牧草间化感互作[J].草业学报, 2010, 19(4):22-32.HUANGPU Chaohe, CHEN Dongqing, WANG Nannan, et al. The mutual allelopathic effect between invasive plant Flaveria bidentis and four forage species[J]. Acta Pratac Sin, 2010, 19(4):22-32.
[24]宋亮,潘开文,王进闯,等.酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子萌发及抗氧化物酶活性的影响[J].生态学报, 2006, 26(10):3393-3403.SONG Liang, PAN Kaiwen, WANG Jinchuang, et al. Effect of phenolic acids on seed germination and seedling antioxidant enzyme activity of alfalfa[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2006, 26(10):3393-3403.
[25] SCANDALIOS L G. Oxygen stress and superoxide dismutase[J]. Plant Physiol, 1993, 101(1):7-12.
[26] YE Shufeng, ZHOU Yanhong, SUN Yan, et al. Cinnamic acid causes oxidative stress in cucumber roots, and promotes incidence of Fusarium wilt[J]. Environ Exp Bot, 2006, 56(3):255-262.
[2] DUKE S O. Allelopathy:current status of research and future of the discipline:a commentary[J]. Allelopathy J, 2010,25(1):17-30.
[3]邬彩霞,刘苏娇,赵国琦.黄花草木樨水浸提液中潜在化感物质的分离、鉴定[J].草业学报, 2014, 23(5):184-192.WU Caixia, LIU Sujiao, ZHAO Guoqi. Isolation and identification of the potential allelochemicals in the aqueous extract of yellow sweet clover(Melilotus officinalis)[J]. Acta Pratac Sin, 2014, 23(5):184-192.
[4]邬彩霞,刘苏娇,赵国琦,等.黄花草木樨对杂草的化感作用研究[J].草地学报, 2015, 23(1):82-88.WU Caixia, LIU Sujiao, ZHAO Guoqi, et al. The allelopathy of yellow sweet of clover on weeds[J]. Acta Agrestia Sin,23(1):82-88.
[5]邬彩霞,赵国琦,刘苏娇,等.黄花草木樨水浸液中香豆素的含量及其对7种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学, 2014, 31(12):2262-2269.WU Caixia, ZHAO Guoqi, LIU Sujiao, et al. The content and effects of coumarin in the aqueous extract of yellow sweet clover[J]. Pratac Sci, 2014, 31(12):2262-2269.
[6]王婧怡,姚丹丹,徐军,等.香豆素对苏丹草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学, 2017, 34(11):2279-2288.WANG Jingyi, YAO Dandan, XU Jun, et al. Effect of coumarin on Soughum sudanense seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Pratac Sci, 2017, 34(11):2279-2288.
[7]姚丹丹,王婧怡,周倩,等.香豆素对多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长化感作用的机理研究[J].草业学报, 2017,26(2):136-145.YAO Dandan, WANG Jingyi, ZHOU Qian, et al. Effect of coumarin on Italian ryegrass seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Acta Pratac Sin, 2017, 26(2):136-145.
[8]覃逸明,聂刘旺,黄雨清,等.凤丹(Paeonia ostii T.)自毒物质的检测及其作用机制[J].生态学报, 2009, 29(3):1153-1161.QIN Yiming, NIE Liuwang, HUANG Yuqing, et al. Detection of Paeonia ostii autotoxins and their mechanism[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2009, 29(3):1153-1161.
[9] CHON S U, CHOI S K, JUNG S, et al. Effects of alfalfa leaf extracts and phenolic allelochemicals on early seedling growth and root morphology of alfalfa and barnyard grass[J]. Crop Prot, 2002, 21(10):1077-1082.
[10] RAZAVI S M, ZARRINI G, ZAHRI S. Biological activity of Prangos uloptera DC. roots, a medicinal plant from Iran[J]. Nat Prod Res, 2010, 24(9):797-803.
[11]王晓阳.节节麦(Aegilops tauschii Coss)生物学特性和遗传多样性[D].北京:中国农业科学院, 2017.WANG Xiaoyang. The Biological Characteristics and Genetic Diversity of Aegilops tauschii Coss.[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2017.
[12]房锋,张朝贤,黄红娟,等.麦田节节麦发生动态及其对小麦产量的影响[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(14):3917-3923.FANG Feng, ZHANG Chaoxian, HUANG Hongjuan, et al. The occurrence of Tausch’sgoatgrass(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)in wheat fields and its effect on wheat yield[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2014, 34(14):3917-3923.
[13]房锋,高兴祥,魏守辉,等.麦田恶性杂草节节麦在中国的发生发展[J].草业学报, 2015, 24(2):194-201.FANG Feng, GAO Xingxiang, WEI Shouhui, et al. Occurrence and effects of Aegilops tauschii in China[J]. Acta Pratac Sin, 2015, 24(2):194-201.
[14]段美生,杨宽林,李香菊,等.河北省南部小麦田节节麦发生特点及综合防除措施研究[J].河北农业科学,2005, 9(1):72-74.DUAN Meisheng, YANG Kuanlin, LI Xiangju, et al. Studies on characteristic of Aegilops squarrosa occurrence and integrated control approaches in winter wheat in the South of Hebei Province[J]. J Hebei Agric Sci, 2005, 9(1):72-74.
[15]王宁,袁美丽,陈浩.小麦水浸提液对节节麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2018, 35(1):112-120.WANG Ning, YUAN Meili, CHEN Hao. Seed germination and seedling growth of Aegilops tauschii with wheat extracts[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2018, 35(1):112-120.
[16]隋标峰.节节麦(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)不同种群对甲基二磺隆的敏感性差异研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院, 2010.SUI Biaofeng. Basis of Variable Sensitivity to Mesosulfuron-methyl in Different Tausch’s goatgrass(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)Population[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2010.
[17]谢艳红.不同小麦对甲基二磺隆耐药性及安全剂对耐药性的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2004.XIE Yanhong. Effects of Different Wheat on Mesosulfuron-resistance and Safenerson Drug Resistance[D]. Beijing:China Agricultural University, 2004.
[18]李美娜,李志华.紫花苜蓿茎叶浸提液对波斯婆婆纳化感效应的研究[J].中国草地学报, 2010, 32(1):69-74.LI Meina, LI Zhihua. Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts from stems and leaves of alfalfa on persian speedwell[J]. Chin J Grassl, 2010, 32(1):69-74.
[19] WILLIAMSON G B, RICHARDSON D. Bioassays for allelopathy:measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J]. J Chem Ecol, 1988, 14(1):181-187.
[20]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2000.
[21]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000.
[22]黄洪武,李俊,董立尧,等.加拿大一枝黄花对植物化感作用的研究[J].南京农业大学学报, 2009, 32(1):48-54.HUANG Hongwu, LI Jun, DONG Liyao, et al. The study on allelopathy of Solidago canadensis L. to several plants[J]. J Nanjing Agric Univ, 2009, 32(1):48-54.
[23]皇甫超河,陈冬青,王楠楠,等.外来入侵植物黄顶菊与四种牧草间化感互作[J].草业学报, 2010, 19(4):22-32.HUANGPU Chaohe, CHEN Dongqing, WANG Nannan, et al. The mutual allelopathic effect between invasive plant Flaveria bidentis and four forage species[J]. Acta Pratac Sin, 2010, 19(4):22-32.
[24]宋亮,潘开文,王进闯,等.酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子萌发及抗氧化物酶活性的影响[J].生态学报, 2006, 26(10):3393-3403.SONG Liang, PAN Kaiwen, WANG Jinchuang, et al. Effect of phenolic acids on seed germination and seedling antioxidant enzyme activity of alfalfa[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2006, 26(10):3393-3403.
[25] SCANDALIOS L G. Oxygen stress and superoxide dismutase[J]. Plant Physiol, 1993, 101(1):7-12.
[26] YE Shufeng, ZHOU Yanhong, SUN Yan, et al. Cinnamic acid causes oxidative stress in cucumber roots, and promotes incidence of Fusarium wilt[J]. Environ Exp Bot, 2006, 56(3):255-262.