基于变形能的机械采收钙果果实碰撞损伤评估
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摘要
为了评估机械采收钙果与设备碰撞导致果实内部损伤严重程度。通过建立果实变形量与变形能关系方程,以变形能大小评价果实损伤程度。钙果果实准静态压缩试验表明,变形能<28. 56×10~(-3)J时,果实轻度损伤。变形能为(28. 56～195. 57)×10~(-3)J时,果实产生不同程度的中度损伤、重度损伤和破裂损伤;钙果动态下落碰撞试验表明,随着钙果质量的增大,反弹高度按二次曲线规律下降(r~2=0. 880 7)。随着下落高度的增大,反弹高度按三次曲线规律增大(r~2=0. 825 5)。变形能均线性增大(r~2≥0. 994 2),最大为43. 9×10~(-3)J,重度损伤等效下落临界高度为2. 97 m。该研究可为钙果采收机械结构、作业参数的选择提供参考。
In order to evaluate degree of damage caused by collision between Cerasus humilis and equipment. Relationship equation of fruit deformation and deformation energy was established to evaluate degree of fruit damage. The quasi-static compression test showed that deformation energy was less than 28. 56 × 10~(-3) J,and the fruit was slightly damaged. When the deformation energy was( 28. 56 ～ 195. 57) × 10~(-3) J,the fruit produces different degrees of moderate damage,severe damage and rupture damage. The drop impact test of Cerasus humilis fruit showed that bounce height decreases as the mass of fruit increases( r~2=0. 880 7). As the falling height increased,the rebound height increased in accordance with the cubic curve( r~2= 0. 825 5).The deformation energy increased linearly( r~2≥0. 994 2),and the maximum was 43. 9 ×10~(-3) J. Critical height of equivalent damage was 2. 97 m. Mechanical harvesting can meet requirements of Cerasus humilis fruit picking.
In order to evaluate degree of damage caused by collision between Cerasus humilis and equipment. Relationship equation of fruit deformation and deformation energy was established to evaluate degree of fruit damage. The quasi-static compression test showed that deformation energy was less than 28. 56 × 10~(-3) J,and the fruit was slightly damaged. When the deformation energy was( 28. 56 ～ 195. 57) × 10~(-3) J,the fruit produces different degrees of moderate damage,severe damage and rupture damage. The drop impact test of Cerasus humilis fruit showed that bounce height decreases as the mass of fruit increases( r~2=0. 880 7). As the falling height increased,the rebound height increased in accordance with the cubic curve( r~2= 0. 825 5).The deformation energy increased linearly( r~2≥0. 994 2),and the maximum was 43. 9 ×10~(-3) J. Critical height of equivalent damage was 2. 97 m. Mechanical harvesting can meet requirements of Cerasus humilis fruit picking.
引文
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[17]李耀明,王显仁,徐立章.基于能量平衡的水稻谷粒脱粒损伤[J].机械工程学报,2007,43(3):160-164.LI Yaoming, WANG Xianren, XU Lizhang. Threshing injury to rice grain based on the energy conservation[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2007,43(3):160-164.
[2]李晓亮.欧李的营养成分测定与分析[J].农学学报,2015,5(8):97-100.LI Xiaoguang. Determination and analysis of nutritional content in Prunus humilis[J]. Journal of Agriculture,2015,5(8):97-100.
[3]梁文珍,崔东波,张广燕.钙果发酵酒酿造工艺的研究[J].中国酿造,2008(22):72-74.LIANG Wenzhen, CUI Dongbo, ZHANG Guangyan. Study on brewing technology of chinese dwarf cherry fermented wine[J].China Brewing,2008(22):72-74.
[4]刘长江,匡明.枸杞钙果复合运动饮料的研制[J].北方园艺,2013(17):129-131.LIU Changjiang, KUANG Ming. Manufacture of medlar-calcium fruit compound health beverage[J]. Northern Horticulture,2013(17):129-131.
[5]张伟,杜晓斌,贺俊林,等.钙果梳刷采摘仿真分析与试验[J].农业工程,2018,8(5):89-94.ZHANG Wei, DU Xiaobin, HE Junlin. Simulation analysis and experiment of combing pluck of Cerasus humilis[J]. Agricultural Engineering,2018,8(5):89-94.
[6]孙志滨,贺俊林,杜俊杰,等.钙果物理参数和生物力学特性试验[J].农业工程,2016,6(2):1-4.SUN Zhibin,HE Junlin,DU Junjie,et al. Experimental on physical parameter and biomechanical properties of Cerasus humilis[J].Agricultural Engineering,2016,6(2):1-4.
[7]刘海峰.钙果采摘装置的设计与试验研究[D].晋中:山西农业大学,2014.LIU Haijun. Design and experimental study of Cerasus humilis picking device[D]. Jinzhong:Shanxi Agricultural University,2014.
[8]吴杰,郭康权,葛云,等.香梨果实跌落碰撞时的接触应力分布特性[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):250-254.WU Jie,GU Kangquan,GE Yun,et al. Contact pressure distribution characteristics of Korla pear fruit at moment of drop impact[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(1):250-254.
[9] LINDEN V V,KETELAERE B D,DESMET M,et al. Determination of bruise susceptibility of tomato fruit by means of an instrumented pendulum[J]. Postharvest Biology&Technology,2006,40(1):7-14.
[10] STROPEK Z,GOLACKI K. The effect of drop height on bruising of selected apple varieties[J]. Postharvest Biology&Technology,2013,85(11):167-172.
[11]陈燕,向和平,谈建豪,等.挤压对荔枝机械损伤和力学参数的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,39(6):688-692.CHEN Yan,XIANG Heping,TAN Jianhao,et al. Effects of extrusion on mechanical damage and mechanical parameters of litchi[J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2013,39(6):688-692.
[12]鲍玉冬,杨闯,赵彦玲,等.基于碰撞变形能的机械采收蓝莓果实碰撞损伤评估[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(16):283-292.BAO Yudong, YANG Chuang, ZHAO Yanling, et al. Collision injury assessment of mechanical harvesting blueberry fruit based on collision deformation energy[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(16):283-292.
[13]桑永英,张东兴,张梅梅.马铃薯碰撞损伤试验研究及有限元分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,13(1):81-84.SANG Yongying, ZHANG Dongxing, ZHANG Meimei. Study on bruising damage experiment of potato and finite element analysis[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2008,13(1):81-84.
[14] KOMARNICKI P,STOPA R,SZYJEWICZ D,et al. Evaluation of bruise resistance of pears to impact load[J]. Postharvest Biology&Technology,2016,114:36-44.
[15]卢立新,王志伟.基于准静态压缩的果实黏弹塑性模型[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(12):30-33.LU Lixin,WANG Zhiwei. Nonlinear viscoelastic plastic model of the fruits under quasi-static compressive loading[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2005,21(12):30-33.
[16]金浩天,蒲军平.摩擦接触条件下的Hertz接触分布力的适用性研究[J].应用力学学报,2015,32(4):647-651.
[17]李耀明,王显仁,徐立章.基于能量平衡的水稻谷粒脱粒损伤[J].机械工程学报,2007,43(3):160-164.LI Yaoming, WANG Xianren, XU Lizhang. Threshing injury to rice grain based on the energy conservation[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2007,43(3):160-164.