2015-2017年贵阳市流感流行病学特征分析
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摘要
目的了解2015-2017年贵阳市流感病例的流行病学规律和特点。方法流感样本来源于流感样病例,利用逆转录聚合酶链反应确定阳性病例以及流感分型。应用描述性流行病学方法分析2015-2017年流感病例的流行病学特征,包括病例的时间、人群、地区等。采用Excel 2007整理数据和SPSS 13. 0进行统计分整理数据。结果 2015-2017年共监测流感样病例12 484例,其中阳性1 433例,阳性分离率为11. 48%,三年网络报告流感病例男性1 792例,占54. 17%,女性1 576例,占45. 83%,年龄段,25岁以下年龄段病例最多,中位年龄均为22. 5岁,从职业构成看,三年里大多数为散居儿童,占36. 54%。2015年流感高峰期在秋冬季,9月为小高峰,12月为大高峰2016年流感持续2015年冬季的流行,1-3月为全年的高峰期,4月份后趋于平稳; 2017年流感高峰期在春季和冬季,1月为小高峰,11-12月为全年的大高峰。结论贵阳市流感流行具有冬春季流行的特征,散居儿童是流感的危险人群,应当注重对普通市民的流感知识宣传,加强持续流感样病例监测工作尤其是暴发疫情的监测工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza cases in Guiyang in 2015-2017.Methods Influenza samples were obtained from influenza-like cases,and positive cases and influenza typing were identified by RT-PCR. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza cases in2015-2017,including time,population and area. Excel 2007 was used to collate data and SPSS 13 was used for data sorting.Results A total of 12484 cases of influenza-like cases were monitored in 2015-2017,of which 1433 cases were positive,accounting for 11. 48%. In the three-year network,1792 male cases were reported,accounting for 54. 17%,and 1576 females cases were reported,accounting for 45. 83%. In the age group,the most cases in the age group under 25 years old,the median age was 22. 5 years old. The number of scattered children accounted for 36. 54%. The peak of influenza in 2015 occurred in autumn and winter,with a small peak in September and a big peak in December. The flu epidemic in 2016 lasted for the winter of 2015. The 2017 flu peak was in spring and winter,with a small peak in January and a big peak in November and December. Conclusion Influenza epidemic in Guiyang has the characteristics of the epidemic in winter and spring. The scattered children are the dangerous people of the flu. We should pay more attention to the knowledge propaganda in the general public,and strengthen the monitoring work of the continuous influenza-like cases,especially the outbreak.
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza cases in Guiyang in 2015-2017.Methods Influenza samples were obtained from influenza-like cases,and positive cases and influenza typing were identified by RT-PCR. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza cases in2015-2017,including time,population and area. Excel 2007 was used to collate data and SPSS 13 was used for data sorting.Results A total of 12484 cases of influenza-like cases were monitored in 2015-2017,of which 1433 cases were positive,accounting for 11. 48%. In the three-year network,1792 male cases were reported,accounting for 54. 17%,and 1576 females cases were reported,accounting for 45. 83%. In the age group,the most cases in the age group under 25 years old,the median age was 22. 5 years old. The number of scattered children accounted for 36. 54%. The peak of influenza in 2015 occurred in autumn and winter,with a small peak in September and a big peak in December. The flu epidemic in 2016 lasted for the winter of 2015. The 2017 flu peak was in spring and winter,with a small peak in January and a big peak in November and December. Conclusion Influenza epidemic in Guiyang has the characteristics of the epidemic in winter and spring. The scattered children are the dangerous people of the flu. We should pay more attention to the knowledge propaganda in the general public,and strengthen the monitoring work of the continuous influenza-like cases,especially the outbreak.
引文
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[9]段红英,陈碧云,刘富强,等. 2004年湖南省中小学校流感暴发的流行特征和控制措施评价[J].实用预防医学,2002,12(4):848-850.
[10]熊宗年. 2014年钟祥地区儿童流感病毒流行病学分析[J].临床血液学杂志:输血与检验,2016,29(3):477-479.
[11]王玉. 2012年贵阳市哨点医院流感监测分析[J].贵州医药,2013,37(5):448-449.
[12]杨明澜.卫生部应对流感大流行准备计划与应急预案(试行)宣贯手册[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2005.
[2]卫生部办公厅关于印发《流行性感冒诊断与治疗指南(2011年版)》的通知[J].中华人民共和国卫生部公报,2011(9):14-27.
[3]卫生部办公厅关于印发《流感样病例暴发疫情处置指南(2012年版)》的通知[J].中华人民共和国卫生部公报,2012(11):39-47.
[4]王寅,周明浩,霍翔.扬州市2010-2013年流感流行病学特征分析[J].江苏预防医学,2015,26(5):25-29.
[5]金晶,张文艳,李明,等.合肥市2009~2011年流行性感冒监测报告[J].安徽预防医学杂志,2011,17(5):336-337.
[6]黄艳,谭维莲,陈春祥,等.某中学甲型H1N1流感病例流行病学调查[J].现代预防医学,2011,38(14):2698-2700.
[7]谢朝军,袁俊,刘于飞,等.广州市学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情流行病学分析[J].中国学校卫生,2009,30(10):872-874.
[8]唐雅清,马树波,王瑞琴,等. 4起学校流感样病例爆发疫情的流行特征及控制效果分析[J].中国学校卫生,2008,29(2):170-171.
[9]段红英,陈碧云,刘富强,等. 2004年湖南省中小学校流感暴发的流行特征和控制措施评价[J].实用预防医学,2002,12(4):848-850.
[10]熊宗年. 2014年钟祥地区儿童流感病毒流行病学分析[J].临床血液学杂志:输血与检验,2016,29(3):477-479.
[11]王玉. 2012年贵阳市哨点医院流感监测分析[J].贵州医药,2013,37(5):448-449.
[12]杨明澜.卫生部应对流感大流行准备计划与应急预案(试行)宣贯手册[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2005.