Some Thoughts on the Earthquake Science Experimental Site——The Underground Cloud Map
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摘要
The Western Yunnan Earthquake Predication Test Site set up jointly by the China Earthquake Administration,the National Science Foundation Commission of America,and United States Geological Survey has played an important role in development of early earthquake research work in China. Due to various objective reasons, most of the predicted targets in the earthquake prediction test site have not been achieved,and the development has been hindered. In recent years, the experiment site has been reconsidered,and renamed the "Earthquake Science Experimental Site". Combined with the current development of seismology and the practical needs of disaster prevention and mitigation,we propose adding the "Underground Cloud Map"as the new direction of the experimental site. Using highly repeatable, environmentally friendly and safe airgun sources,we could send constant seismic signals,which realizes continuous monitoring of subsurface velocity changes. Utilizing the high-resolution 3-D crustal structure from ambient noise tomography,we could obtain 4-D (3-D space+1-D time) images of subsurface structures, which we termed the "Underground Cloud Map". The"Underground Cloud Map" can reflect underground velocity and stress changes,providing new means for the earthquake monitoring forecast nationwide,which promotes the conversion of experience-based earthquake prediction to physics-based prediction.
The Western Yunnan Earthquake Predication Test Site set up jointly by the China Earthquake Administration,the National Science Foundation Commission of America,and United States Geological Survey has played an important role in development of early earthquake research work in China. Due to various objective reasons, most of the predicted targets in the earthquake prediction test site have not been achieved,and the development has been hindered. In recent years, the experiment site has been reconsidered,and renamed the "Earthquake Science Experimental Site". Combined with the current development of seismology and the practical needs of disaster prevention and mitigation,we propose adding the "Underground Cloud Map"as the new direction of the experimental site. Using highly repeatable, environmentally friendly and safe airgun sources,we could send constant seismic signals,which realizes continuous monitoring of subsurface velocity changes. Utilizing the high-resolution 3-D crustal structure from ambient noise tomography,we could obtain 4-D (3-D space+1-D time) images of subsurface structures, which we termed the "Underground Cloud Map". The"Underground Cloud Map" can reflect underground velocity and stress changes,providing new means for the earthquake monitoring forecast nationwide,which promotes the conversion of experience-based earthquake prediction to physics-based prediction.
The Western Yunnan Earthquake Predication Test Site set up jointly by the China Earthquake Administration,the National Science Foundation Commission of America,and United States Geological Survey has played an important role in development of early earthquake research work in China. Due to various objective reasons, most of the predicted targets in the earthquake prediction test site have not been achieved,and the development has been hindered. In recent years, the experiment site has been reconsidered,and renamed the "Earthquake Science Experimental Site". Combined with the current development of seismology and the practical needs of disaster prevention and mitigation,we propose adding the "Underground Cloud Map"as the new direction of the experimental site. Using highly repeatable, environmentally friendly and safe airgun sources,we could send constant seismic signals,which realizes continuous monitoring of subsurface velocity changes. Utilizing the high-resolution 3-D crustal structure from ambient noise tomography,we could obtain 4-D (3-D space+1-D time) images of subsurface structures, which we termed the "Underground Cloud Map". The"Underground Cloud Map" can reflect underground velocity and stress changes,providing new means for the earthquake monitoring forecast nationwide,which promotes the conversion of experience-based earthquake prediction to physics-based prediction.
引文
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Chen Yong,Zhang Xiankang,Qiu Xuelin,Ge Hongkui,Liu Baojin,Wang Baoshan.A new way to generate seismic waves for continental crustal exploration[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2007,52(16):2264-2268.
Chen Yong,Wang Baoshan,Yao Huajian.Seismic airgun exploration of continental crust structures[J].Science China (Earth Sciences),2017,60(10):1739-1751.
Dziewonski A.M.,Anderson D.L.Preliminary reference earth model[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1981,25(4):297-356.
Gu Ping.Overview of Sino-U.S.Scientific and Technological Cooperation in Seismological Research [J] Earthquake Research in China,1985,1(2):74-77 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Gu Ping.Record of Sino-U.S.Cooperation in Seismological Science and Technology[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,1987,(12):32-33 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Y.C.,Yao Huajian,Huang B.S.,van der Hilst R.D.,Wen Kuoliang,Huang W.G.,Chen C.H.Phase velocity variation at periods of 0.5-3 seconds in the Taipei Basin of Taiwan from correlation of ambient seismic noise[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2010,100(5A):2250-2263.
Kennett B.L.N.,Engdahl E.R.Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification[J].Geophysical Journal International,1991,105(2):429-465.
Kennett B.L.N.,Engdahl E.R.,Buland R.Constraints on seismic velocities in the earth from traveltimes[J].Geophysical Journal International,1995,122(1):108-124.
Li Cheng,Yao Huajian,Fang Hongjian,Huang Xianliang,Wan Kesong,Zhang Haijiang,Wang Kangdong.3D near-surface shear-wave velocity structure from ambient-noise tomography and borehole data in the Hefei urban area,China[J].Seismological Research Letters,2016,87(4):882-892.
Lin Fanchi,Li Dunzhu,Clayton R.W.,Hollis D.High-resolution 3D shallow crustal structure in Long Beach,California:Application of ambient noise tomography on a dense seismic array[J].Geophysics,2013,78(4):Q45-Q56.
Ma Zongjin.Review and prospect of science of earthquake prediction for the 20th Century[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2000,(6):1-4 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Mei Shirong.Progress in earthquake monitoring and prediction in China in recent forty years[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1994,37(S1):196-207 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Nishida K.,Montagner J.P.,Kawakatsu H.Global surface wave tomography using seismic hum[J].Science,2009,326(5949):112.
Pang A.J.,Li Shengrong,Santosh M.,Yang Qingyu,Jia Baojian,Yang Chengdong.Geochemistry,and zircon U-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os geochronology of Jilongshan Cu-Au deposit,southeastern Hubei Province,China[J].Geological Journal,2014,49(1):52-68.
Platnick S.,King M.D.,Ackerman S.A.,Menzel W.P.,Baum B.A.,Riedi J.C.,Frey R.A.The MODIS cloud products:algorithms and examples from Terra[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2003,41(2):459-473.
Shapiro N.M.,Campillo M.,Stehly L.,Ritzwoller M.H.High-resolution surface-wave tomography from ambient seismic noise[J].Science,2005,307(5715):1615-1618.
She Yuyang,Yao Huajian,Zhai Qiushi,Wang Fuyun,Tian Xiaofeng.Shallow crustal structure of the middle-lower Yangtze River region in eastern China from surface-wave tomography of a large volume airgun-shot experiment[J].Seismological Research Letters,2018,89(3):1003-1013.
Tian Xiaofeng,Yang Zhuoxin,Wang Baoshan,Yao Huajian,Wang Fuyun,Liu Baofeng,Zheng Chenglong,Gao Zhanyong,Xiong Wei,Deng Xiaoguo.3D seismic refraction travel-time tomography beneath the middle-lower Yangtze River region[J].Seismological Research Letters,2018,89(3):992-1002.
Wang Baoshan,Ge Hongkui,Yang Wei,Wang Weitao,Wang Bin,Wu Guohua,Su Youjin.Transmitting seismic station monitors fault zone at depth[J].Eos,Transactions American Geophysical Union,2012,93(5):49-50.
Wei Yiqing,Ding Guoyu.Earthquake Career in Contemporary China[M].Beijing:Contemporary China Publishing House,1993 (in Chinese)
Wu Ningyuan,Zou Qijia.The current situation of Sino-U.S.cooperation in seismology[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,1981,(7):1-4,24-25 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Jun,Xu Jianmin,Dong Chaohua.40th anniversary of Fengyun meteorological satellites:evolution in view of the international development[J].Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology,2011,1(1):6-13,24 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao Huajian,van der Hilst R.D.,de Hoop M.V.Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis - I.Phase velocity maps[J].Geophysical Journal International,2006,166(2):732-744.
Yao Huajian,Beghein C.,van der Hilst R.D.Surface wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis - II.Crustal and upper-mantle structure[J].Geophysical Journal International,2008,173(1):205-219.
Zhang Yunpeng,Wang Baoshan,Wang Weitao,Xu Yihe.Preliminary results of tomography from permanent stations in the Anhui airgun experiment[J].Earthquake Research in China,2016,30(3):405-417.
Chen Xinlian.Review and prospects of earthquake prediction in China[J].Earthquake Research in China,1987,3(2):1-6 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Yong,Zhang Xiankang,Qiu Xuelin,Ge Hongkui,Liu Baojin,Wang Baoshan.A new way to generate seismic waves for continental crustal exploration[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2007,52(16):2264-2268.
Chen Yong,Wang Baoshan,Yao Huajian.Seismic airgun exploration of continental crust structures[J].Science China (Earth Sciences),2017,60(10):1739-1751.
Dziewonski A.M.,Anderson D.L.Preliminary reference earth model[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1981,25(4):297-356.
Gu Ping.Overview of Sino-U.S.Scientific and Technological Cooperation in Seismological Research [J] Earthquake Research in China,1985,1(2):74-77 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Gu Ping.Record of Sino-U.S.Cooperation in Seismological Science and Technology[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,1987,(12):32-33 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Y.C.,Yao Huajian,Huang B.S.,van der Hilst R.D.,Wen Kuoliang,Huang W.G.,Chen C.H.Phase velocity variation at periods of 0.5-3 seconds in the Taipei Basin of Taiwan from correlation of ambient seismic noise[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2010,100(5A):2250-2263.
Kennett B.L.N.,Engdahl E.R.Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification[J].Geophysical Journal International,1991,105(2):429-465.
Kennett B.L.N.,Engdahl E.R.,Buland R.Constraints on seismic velocities in the earth from traveltimes[J].Geophysical Journal International,1995,122(1):108-124.
Li Cheng,Yao Huajian,Fang Hongjian,Huang Xianliang,Wan Kesong,Zhang Haijiang,Wang Kangdong.3D near-surface shear-wave velocity structure from ambient-noise tomography and borehole data in the Hefei urban area,China[J].Seismological Research Letters,2016,87(4):882-892.
Lin Fanchi,Li Dunzhu,Clayton R.W.,Hollis D.High-resolution 3D shallow crustal structure in Long Beach,California:Application of ambient noise tomography on a dense seismic array[J].Geophysics,2013,78(4):Q45-Q56.
Ma Zongjin.Review and prospect of science of earthquake prediction for the 20th Century[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2000,(6):1-4 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Mei Shirong.Progress in earthquake monitoring and prediction in China in recent forty years[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1994,37(S1):196-207 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Nishida K.,Montagner J.P.,Kawakatsu H.Global surface wave tomography using seismic hum[J].Science,2009,326(5949):112.
Pang A.J.,Li Shengrong,Santosh M.,Yang Qingyu,Jia Baojian,Yang Chengdong.Geochemistry,and zircon U-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os geochronology of Jilongshan Cu-Au deposit,southeastern Hubei Province,China[J].Geological Journal,2014,49(1):52-68.
Platnick S.,King M.D.,Ackerman S.A.,Menzel W.P.,Baum B.A.,Riedi J.C.,Frey R.A.The MODIS cloud products:algorithms and examples from Terra[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2003,41(2):459-473.
Shapiro N.M.,Campillo M.,Stehly L.,Ritzwoller M.H.High-resolution surface-wave tomography from ambient seismic noise[J].Science,2005,307(5715):1615-1618.
She Yuyang,Yao Huajian,Zhai Qiushi,Wang Fuyun,Tian Xiaofeng.Shallow crustal structure of the middle-lower Yangtze River region in eastern China from surface-wave tomography of a large volume airgun-shot experiment[J].Seismological Research Letters,2018,89(3):1003-1013.
Tian Xiaofeng,Yang Zhuoxin,Wang Baoshan,Yao Huajian,Wang Fuyun,Liu Baofeng,Zheng Chenglong,Gao Zhanyong,Xiong Wei,Deng Xiaoguo.3D seismic refraction travel-time tomography beneath the middle-lower Yangtze River region[J].Seismological Research Letters,2018,89(3):992-1002.
Wang Baoshan,Ge Hongkui,Yang Wei,Wang Weitao,Wang Bin,Wu Guohua,Su Youjin.Transmitting seismic station monitors fault zone at depth[J].Eos,Transactions American Geophysical Union,2012,93(5):49-50.
Wei Yiqing,Ding Guoyu.Earthquake Career in Contemporary China[M].Beijing:Contemporary China Publishing House,1993 (in Chinese)
Wu Ningyuan,Zou Qijia.The current situation of Sino-U.S.cooperation in seismology[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,1981,(7):1-4,24-25 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Jun,Xu Jianmin,Dong Chaohua.40th anniversary of Fengyun meteorological satellites:evolution in view of the international development[J].Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology,2011,1(1):6-13,24 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao Huajian,van der Hilst R.D.,de Hoop M.V.Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis - I.Phase velocity maps[J].Geophysical Journal International,2006,166(2):732-744.
Yao Huajian,Beghein C.,van der Hilst R.D.Surface wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis - II.Crustal and upper-mantle structure[J].Geophysical Journal International,2008,173(1):205-219.
Zhang Yunpeng,Wang Baoshan,Wang Weitao,Xu Yihe.Preliminary results of tomography from permanent stations in the Anhui airgun experiment[J].Earthquake Research in China,2016,30(3):405-417.