互联网情境下基于平台的企业创新组织机制研究——以韩都衣舍为例
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摘要
本文以"天生的"互联网平台企业韩都衣舍为案例,从规则、参与主体、目标和结构等组织的基本要素出发,对韩都衣舍不同发展时期创新活动的组织特性进行提炼,并据此剖析互联网情境下基于平台的企业创新活动的组织机制。研究发现,共创共享规则、多元参与主体、市场导向目标和动态网络结构是基于平台的企业创新活动的组织特性。基于平台的企业创新活动的组织机制是这些组织要素相互作用的结果:平台为创新活动提供专业基础性服务,共创共享规则为具有自主决策权力的参与主体基于市场机会迅速确定并达成目标提供制度保护;多元参与主体以市场导向设定目标,并根据市场动态变化进行动态调整;市场导向目标的动态性决定了网络结构的动态性;这种具有动态网络特征的结构更有利于企业把握市场机会实现创新。
Based on the basic dimensions of an organization,including rules,participants,objectives and structures,taked the " natural" Internet platform enterprise—Handu Group as a case,this paper tries to extract the organizational characteristics of innovation activities in different development periods of Handu Group,and analyze the organizational mechanism of enterprise innovation activities based on platform in the context of internet.It is found that the organizational characteristics of platform-based innovation activities are co-creation and co-sharing rules,diversified participants,marketoriented goals and dynamic network structure.The essence of the organizational mechanism of platform-based innovation activities is the result of the interaction of these organizational elements.Platform provides professional basic services for innovation activities,the co-creation and co-sharing rules jointly provide institutional protection for the participants with independent decision-making power to quickly determine and achieve the goal based on market opportunities.The diversified participants set market-oriented goals,and with the dynamic market changes,adjust dynamically.The dynamics of the market-oriented goals determines the dynamics of the network structure.This structure with dynamic network characteristics is more conducive for the enterprise to grasp the market opportunities and achieve innovation.
Based on the basic dimensions of an organization,including rules,participants,objectives and structures,taked the " natural" Internet platform enterprise—Handu Group as a case,this paper tries to extract the organizational characteristics of innovation activities in different development periods of Handu Group,and analyze the organizational mechanism of enterprise innovation activities based on platform in the context of internet.It is found that the organizational characteristics of platform-based innovation activities are co-creation and co-sharing rules,diversified participants,marketoriented goals and dynamic network structure.The essence of the organizational mechanism of platform-based innovation activities is the result of the interaction of these organizational elements.Platform provides professional basic services for innovation activities,the co-creation and co-sharing rules jointly provide institutional protection for the participants with independent decision-making power to quickly determine and achieve the goal based on market opportunities.The diversified participants set market-oriented goals,and with the dynamic market changes,adjust dynamically.The dynamics of the market-oriented goals determines the dynamics of the network structure.This structure with dynamic network characteristics is more conducive for the enterprise to grasp the market opportunities and achieve innovation.
引文
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[19]Hossain M.Performance and potential of open innovation intermediaries[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,58,754-764.
[20]崔晓明,姚凯,胡君辰.交易成本、网络价值与平台创新---基于38个平台实践案例的质性分析[J].研究与发展管理,2014,26(3):22-31.
[2]Scholten S,Scholten U.Platform-based innovation management:Directing external innovational efforts in platform ecosystems[J].Journal of the Knowledge Economy,2012,3(2):164-184.
[3]Mcintyre D P,Srinivasan A.Networks,platforms,and strategy:Emerging views and next steps[J].Strategic Management Journal,2017,38(1):141-160.
[4]Miller D,Greenwood R,Prakash R.What happened to organization theory?[J].Journal of Management Inquiry,2009,18(4):273-279.
[5]Ciborra C U.Theplatform organization:Recombining strategies,structures,and surprises[J].Organization Science,1996,7(2):103-118.
[6]Scott W R,Davis G F.Organizations and organizing:Pearson new international edition:Rational,natural and open systems perspectives[M].Pearson Prentice Hall,2007.
[7]Leavitt H J,Dill W R,Eyring H B.The organizational world[M].NY:Harcourt Barce Jovanovich,1973.
[8]Boudreau K.Openplatform strategies and innovation:Granting access vs.devolving control[J].Management Science,2010,56(10):1849-1872.
[9]Kogut B.Joint ventures and the option to expand and acquire[J].Management science,1991,37(1):19-33.
[10]Stabell C B,FjeldstadD.Configuring value for competitive advantage:On chains,shops,and networks[J].Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(5):413-437.
[11]Gawer A,Cusumano M A.Industry platforms and ecosystem innovation[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2014,31.3:417-433.
[12]Hossain M,Islam K M Z.Ideation through online open innovation platform:Dell idea storm[J].Journal of the Knowledge Economy,2015,6(3):1-14.
[13]纪婷琪,张颖,孙中元.打造孵化小微创客的平台型组织[J].中国人力资源开发,2015(10):11-18.
[14]Daft R L,Lewin A Y.Can organization studies begin to break out of the normal science straitjacket?An editorial essay[J].Organization Science,1990,1(1):1-9.
[15]Davis G F,Marquis C.Prospects for organizationa theory in the early 21stcentury:Institutional fields and mechanisms[J].Organization Science,2005,16(4):332-343.
[16]Greenwood R.,Miller D.Tackling design anew:Getting back to the heart of organizational theory[J].Academy of Management Perspectives,2010,24(4):78-88.
[17]Puranam P,Alexy O,Reitzig M.What's“new”about new forms of organizing?[J].Academy of Management Review,2014,39(2):162-180.
[18]Nadler D,Tushman M L.Competing by Design:The Power of Organizational Architecture[M].NY:Oxford University Press,1997.
[19]Hossain M.Performance and potential of open innovation intermediaries[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,58,754-764.
[20]崔晓明,姚凯,胡君辰.交易成本、网络价值与平台创新---基于38个平台实践案例的质性分析[J].研究与发展管理,2014,26(3):22-31.