运城市苹果主产区丰产果园土壤养分状况分析
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摘要
为探明运城市苹果主产区果园土壤养分状况,以运城市不同县域、不同海拔、不同树龄的盛果期果园土壤为研究对象,测定0～40 cm土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾含量以及pH水平。结果表明,运城市主产果园氮含量总体偏低,磷、钾含量丰富,土壤偏碱性;不同县域、不同海拔高度、不同树龄的果园土壤养分状况之间存在显著差异,其中,临猗县果园氮、磷、钾含量显著低于万荣、芮城和平陆县域;海拔高度在700～850 m的果园氮含量显著高于700 m以下的果园,海拔高度在550～700 m的果园与树龄少于10 a的果园中有效磷平均值含量较高,不同海拔高度的速效钾含量差异不显著;不同县域及不同海拔主产果园土壤有机质含量存在差异,总体表现为平陆县有机质含量显著高于万荣、芮城和临猗县域,海拔高度在700～850 m的果园有机质含量显著高于700 m以下的果园,但平陆县及海拔高度在700～850 m果园的有机质含量平均值均未达到绿色食品产地土壤肥力分级Ⅱ级标准。运城市主产果园土壤管理过程中应注重有机肥的施用,提高土壤有机质含量,降低土壤pH值,平衡使用化肥。
To study the difference of soil nutrient distribution characteristic in the major apple production areas of Yuncheng, this paper took full fruit period orchards soil in different counties, altitude and tree-ages as research objects, respectively, and analyzed organic matters, nutrient elements(N, P, K)and pH in 0-40 cm depths soil layer. The result showed that the content of N was low, while the contents of P and K were high in Yuncheng apple plantations generally. There were significant differences in soil nutrient status among different counties, altitudes and tree-ages. The contents of N, P and K in orchards of Linyi were significantly lower than Wanrong,Ruicheng and Pinglu, the contects of N in orchard at altitudes between 700-850 m were apparently higher than other orchard below 700 m,the average mean of available P in orchard at 550-700 m were higher than other orchard. There was no significant difference in available K contents at different altitudes. Soil organic matters were different under different counties and altitudes, the general results showed that the organic matter contents in Pinglu were higher than Wanrong, Ruicheng and Linyi, and 700-850 m orchard at altitudes was higher than other orchard below 700 m, however, the mean value of organic matter contents of both didnt reach the grade Ⅱstandard of soil fertility of green-fruit production area. The apple orchard soil and fertilizer management in Yuncheng should pay more attention on increasing organic fertilizer and organic matter of soil, reduce soil pH value, balance the use of fertilizer.
To study the difference of soil nutrient distribution characteristic in the major apple production areas of Yuncheng, this paper took full fruit period orchards soil in different counties, altitude and tree-ages as research objects, respectively, and analyzed organic matters, nutrient elements(N, P, K)and pH in 0-40 cm depths soil layer. The result showed that the content of N was low, while the contents of P and K were high in Yuncheng apple plantations generally. There were significant differences in soil nutrient status among different counties, altitudes and tree-ages. The contents of N, P and K in orchards of Linyi were significantly lower than Wanrong,Ruicheng and Pinglu, the contects of N in orchard at altitudes between 700-850 m were apparently higher than other orchard below 700 m,the average mean of available P in orchard at 550-700 m were higher than other orchard. There was no significant difference in available K contents at different altitudes. Soil organic matters were different under different counties and altitudes, the general results showed that the organic matter contents in Pinglu were higher than Wanrong, Ruicheng and Linyi, and 700-850 m orchard at altitudes was higher than other orchard below 700 m, however, the mean value of organic matter contents of both didnt reach the grade Ⅱstandard of soil fertility of green-fruit production area. The apple orchard soil and fertilizer management in Yuncheng should pay more attention on increasing organic fertilizer and organic matter of soil, reduce soil pH value, balance the use of fertilizer.
引文
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[21]赵业婷,李志鹏,常庆瑞.关中盆地县域农田土壤碱解氮空间分异及变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(6):1030-1038.
[22]卢树昌,陈清,张福锁,等.河北果园主分布区土壤磷素投入特点及磷负荷风险分析[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(10):3149-3157.
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[24]张维理,徐爱国,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策Ⅲ.中国农业面源污染控制中存在问题分析[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1026-1026.
[25]朱占玲,夏营,刘晶晶,等.山东省苹果园磷素投入调查及磷环境负荷风险分析[J].园艺学报,2017,44(1):97-105.
[26]从怀军,张展,徐斌.黄土高原沟壑区不同施肥条件下土壤速效钾含量研究[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):129-133.
[27]路永莉.苹果园水肥一体化和钾肥肥效研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[28]谌琛.长期施钾对苹果产量、品质和耐贮性的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[29]李书田,崔荣宗,同延安,等.钾肥用量和施用时期对苹果产量、品质和果园钾素平衡的影响[J].中国果树,2016(5):11-18.
[30]张玉琪,顾振西,刘惠军,等.蓬莱地区苹果园土壤及果实品质分析[J].北方园艺,2014(18):192-195.
[31]陈杉艳,王蜀,邵抚民,等.矮化密植苹果园土壤养分对果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(23):161-164.
[32]王海云.土壤pH值对苹果生长发育影响及其酸害机理研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2008.
[33]张强,魏钦平,齐鸿雁,等.北京果园土壤养分和pH与微生物数量的相关分析及优化方案[J].果树学报,2011,28(1):15-19.
[34]田稼,孙超,杨明琰,等.黄土高原不同树龄苹果园土壤微生物、养分及pH的相关性[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(7):138-141.
[35]王艳廷,冀晓昊,吴玉森,等.我国果园生草的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1892-1900.
[36]袁嘉玮,张健,梁哲军,等.果园水肥一体化技术研究进展[J].黑龙江农业科学,2018(5):148-151.
[37]相微微,段义忠,王建武,等.榆林主要山地苹果园地土壤养分状况调查与评价[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(9):1503-1506.
[38]梁芊,孙慧英,李一路.苹果园树下覆草研究初报[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(2):228-233.
[2]张丹,张进忠,汤民,等.山地果园土壤肥力调查与评价[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(31):290-295.
[3]卢树昌,贾文竹.河北省果园土壤质量现状及演变分析[J].华北农学报,2008,23(5):219-222.
[4]姜远茂,彭福田,张宏彦,等.山东省苹果园土壤有机质及养分状况研究[J].土壤通报,2001,32(4):167-169.
[5]张强,魏钦平,蒋瑞山,等.北京苹果主产区果园土壤理化性状和果实品质评价分析[J].园艺学报,2011,38(11):2180-2186.
[6]陈艺夫.辽河流域(辽宁段)寒富苹果园土壤健康评价[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2018.
[7]张东,郑立伟,韩明玉,等.黄土高原成龄富士苹果园土壤养分含量标准值研究[J].园艺学报,2016,43(1):121-131.
[8]张彦山.正宁县苹果园土壤养分状况分析与评价[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[9]刘子龙,张广军,赵政阳,等.陕西苹果主产区丰产果园土壤养分状况的调查[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(2):50-53.
[10]李柳莹,王延平,韩明玉,等.洛川苹果园土壤的理化特征分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(4):185-194.
[11]张进,吴发启,张扬,等.渭北优质苹果种植区土壤养分调查与评价[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(1):102-108.
[12]王留好.陕西省渭北苹果主产区苹果园土壤养分现状评价[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[13]ZHANG P,LI Y. Study on the Comparisons of the establishment of two mathematical modeling methods for soil organic matter content based on spectral reflectance[J]. Spectroscopy&Spectral Analysis,2016,36(3):903-910.
[14]江叶枫,孙凯,郭熙,等.南方红壤区不同侵蚀程度下土壤有机质空间变异的影响因素研究[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(1):149-160.
[15]赵香兰.有机质在果园土壤肥力中的作用[J].河北果树,1990(4):47-50.
[16]寇建村,杨文权,李尚玮,等.我国果园土壤有机质研究进展[J].北方园艺,2016(4):185-191.
[17]彭福田.氮素对苹果果实发育与产量、品质的调控[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2001.
[18]郭亚飞,翟正丽,张延,等.长期不同耕作方式对土壤耕层全氮的影响[J].土壤与作物,2018,7(1):38-46.
[19] MULVANEY R L,KHAN S A,ELLSWORTH T R. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers deplete soil nitrogen:a global dilemma for sustainable cereal production[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2009,38(6):2295-2314.
[20]李会民,程雪绒,徐驰,等.咸阳地区苹果园土壤养分状况调查及建议[J].陕西农业科学,2002(2):10-12.
[21]赵业婷,李志鹏,常庆瑞.关中盆地县域农田土壤碱解氮空间分异及变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(6):1030-1038.
[22]卢树昌,陈清,张福锁,等.河北果园主分布区土壤磷素投入特点及磷负荷风险分析[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(10):3149-3157.
[23]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会,全国供销合作总社,中华人民共和国农业部,等.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编[M].北京:中国物价出版社,2002.
[24]张维理,徐爱国,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策Ⅲ.中国农业面源污染控制中存在问题分析[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1026-1026.
[25]朱占玲,夏营,刘晶晶,等.山东省苹果园磷素投入调查及磷环境负荷风险分析[J].园艺学报,2017,44(1):97-105.
[26]从怀军,张展,徐斌.黄土高原沟壑区不同施肥条件下土壤速效钾含量研究[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):129-133.
[27]路永莉.苹果园水肥一体化和钾肥肥效研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[28]谌琛.长期施钾对苹果产量、品质和耐贮性的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[29]李书田,崔荣宗,同延安,等.钾肥用量和施用时期对苹果产量、品质和果园钾素平衡的影响[J].中国果树,2016(5):11-18.
[30]张玉琪,顾振西,刘惠军,等.蓬莱地区苹果园土壤及果实品质分析[J].北方园艺,2014(18):192-195.
[31]陈杉艳,王蜀,邵抚民,等.矮化密植苹果园土壤养分对果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(23):161-164.
[32]王海云.土壤pH值对苹果生长发育影响及其酸害机理研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2008.
[33]张强,魏钦平,齐鸿雁,等.北京果园土壤养分和pH与微生物数量的相关分析及优化方案[J].果树学报,2011,28(1):15-19.
[34]田稼,孙超,杨明琰,等.黄土高原不同树龄苹果园土壤微生物、养分及pH的相关性[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(7):138-141.
[35]王艳廷,冀晓昊,吴玉森,等.我国果园生草的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1892-1900.
[36]袁嘉玮,张健,梁哲军,等.果园水肥一体化技术研究进展[J].黑龙江农业科学,2018(5):148-151.
[37]相微微,段义忠,王建武,等.榆林主要山地苹果园地土壤养分状况调查与评价[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(9):1503-1506.
[38]梁芊,孙慧英,李一路.苹果园树下覆草研究初报[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(2):228-233.