国学课:文化自觉意识下的思考与实践
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摘要
国学这个概念在不同的历史阶段有不同的意涵,在不同的思想者的文本中也呈现出不同的意涵。但是,如果总体而言,国学的概念基本在这样四个层面上进行运用:第一是,作为舆论话题的国学;第二是作为学术研究的国学;第三是作为教育实验的国学;第四是作为一门生意的国学。在概念厘清的基础之上,强调了国学课重要的是提升对于国学原典的阅读力。以《孟子》一书为例子,认为从三个角度可以落实课程大纲要求,提升本科生的原典阅读力:第一是,语文学方法,弄清基本文义;第二,强调从思想现场的角度来理解原典关键概念的重要性,同时注重思想关键概念的论证过程的考察;第三,强调比较法在原典精读教学中的意义,可以让学生深刻理解中国学术思想历史的形成。最后,提出对人文通识课程自我精英化的警惕以及国学课程背后所蕴含的文化自觉抱负。
The concept of Chinese learning has different meanings in different historical stages, and it also presents different meanings in the texts of different thinkers. However, the concept of Chinese studies is basically applied on these four levels: first, Chinese studies as a topic of public opinion; second, national studies as academic research; third, national studies as an educational experiment; fourth it is a national study as a business. On the basis of the clarification of the concept, it is emphasized that the important thing in the national study class is to enhance the reading power of the original Chinese language dictionary. Taking "Mengzi" as an example, it is believed that the syllabus requirements can be implemented from three angles, and reading ability of undergraduates can be improved: first, the literary method, to clarify the basic meaning;second, emphasize the scene from the thought from the perspective of understanding the importance of the key concepts of the original code,and paying attention to the investigation process of the key concepts of thinking; third, emphasizing the significance of the comparative method in the intensive reading of the original text, can give students a deep understanding of the formation of the history of Chinese academic thought.Finally, it puts forward the vigilance of self-elitization of the humanities curriculum and the cultural conscious ambition behind the curriculum of Chinese studies.
The concept of Chinese learning has different meanings in different historical stages, and it also presents different meanings in the texts of different thinkers. However, the concept of Chinese studies is basically applied on these four levels: first, Chinese studies as a topic of public opinion; second, national studies as academic research; third, national studies as an educational experiment; fourth it is a national study as a business. On the basis of the clarification of the concept, it is emphasized that the important thing in the national study class is to enhance the reading power of the original Chinese language dictionary. Taking "Mengzi" as an example, it is believed that the syllabus requirements can be implemented from three angles, and reading ability of undergraduates can be improved: first, the literary method, to clarify the basic meaning;second, emphasize the scene from the thought from the perspective of understanding the importance of the key concepts of the original code,and paying attention to the investigation process of the key concepts of thinking; third, emphasizing the significance of the comparative method in the intensive reading of the original text, can give students a deep understanding of the formation of the history of Chinese academic thought.Finally, it puts forward the vigilance of self-elitization of the humanities curriculum and the cultural conscious ambition behind the curriculum of Chinese studies.
引文
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[2]汉斯·伽达默尔.真理与方法[M]].(上卷),洪汉鼎译.上海:上海译文出版社,1992.
[3]刘东.国学如何走向开放与自由[J].长江学术.2015,(3):5-14
[4]余英时.国学与人文研究[M].//人文·民主·思想.北京:海豚出版社,2011.
[5]陈平原.传统书院的现代转型--以无锡国专为中心[J].现代中国.2001,(1):98.
[6]聂震宁《阅读力》,北京:三联书店,2017.3-4.
[7]仇鹿鸣.读经已死,经典教育万岁[M]]//读闲书.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2018.
[8]梁涛解读.孟子[M].北京:国家图书馆出版社,2017.8-9.
[9]鲁迅.华盖集[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1973.35.
[10]费孝通.关于“文化自觉”的一些自白[M].//费孝通全集(第17卷).呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,2009.349.