摘要
单苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)标记是一种发生在基因组特定位点的单个核苷酸突变的遗传标记,其丰富度高、密度大、易于进行基因分型,广泛应用于动植物育种、抗病性基因标记、优势品种筛选和疾病相关基因的鉴定中。本文首先对SNP遗传标记在动物群体遗传结构、遗传图谱构建、标记辅助选择、亲缘关系鉴定以及杂种优势等方面的应用进行介绍,其次简述了在人类疾病动物模型中SNP位点与某些疾病的关联性,以期为SNP分子标记技术在动物遗传育种及人类疾病动物模型的建立、遗传学分析等方面的应用提供参考。
Single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers are genetic markers in which a single nucleotide variation occurs at a specific position in the genome.Characterized by their high abundance,density,and easy genotyping,SNP markers have been widely used in animal and plant breeding,as disease resistance markers,and for the screening of heterosis and identification of disease-related genes.In the present paper,we first present the application of SNP arrays for analyzing animal population genetic structure,genetic mapping,and for characterizing marker-assisted selection,kinship,and heterosis.Second,we describe the relationship between SNP loci and animal models of human diseases,which can provide a valuable reference for the improved application of SNP molecular marker technology in animal genetic breeding,and the establishment and genetic analysis of animal models of human diseases.
引文
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