不同林分红松生长与结实性状比较研究
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摘要
以吉林省通化县三棚红松良种基地16个红松林分为材料,对其土壤理化性质(p H、电导率EC、有机质、速效钾、碱解氮、速效磷、全氮、C/N)、红松生长及结实性状(胸径、树高、每公顷产籽量)和每公顷株数进行测定并分析。结果表明:除速效钾、C/N和树高外,16个林分间各指标均达到极显著差异水平(P <0. 01);各指标的表型变异系数变化范围为3. 59%～42. 04%,属于高变异林分,有利于优良林分的选择;相关分析表明每公顷松籽产量与树高(0. 267)和胸径(0. 259)呈极显著正相关,与每公顷株数呈极显著负相关(-0. 557),与有机质(0. 306)、碱解氮(0. 909)、速效磷(0. 805)和全氮(0. 213)呈极显著正相关;以每公顷红松产籽量为标准,依10%的入选率对16个林分进行评价选择,林分3 206和3 308入选,入选2个林分的土壤有机质比总体均值提高了11. 91 g·kg~(-1),碱解氮比总体平均值提高30. 92 mg·kg~(-1),速效磷比总体均值提高13. 65 mg·kg~(-1),全氮比总体平均值提高0. 4 g·kg~(-1),每公顷松籽产量比总体均值提高461. 35 kg·hm-2,胸径比总体均值提高1. 9 cm,树高比总体平均值提高0. 69 m,每公顷株数比平均值减少了104株;研究结果为选择适当的抚育管理办法来提高松籽产量及红松果林改造提供理论基础。
We took 16 Pinus koraiensis stands in Sanpeng Frorest Tree Improved Variety Bases in Tonghua County,Jilin Province as materials,and investigated their soil physical and chemical properties( pH,electrical conductivity,organic matter,available K,available N,available P,total N and C/N),growth and fruiting traits( tree height,diameter at breast height,the seed production per hectare),and the number of trees perhectare. By variance analysis,all the indices were significantly different( P < 0. 01) among different stands except available K,C/N and tree height. The coefficients of phynotypic variance of all the indices ranged from3. 59% to 42. 04%,which were high variance stands and beneficial for evaluation and selection of superior stands. By correlation analysis,the seed production per hectare was significantly positively correlatedwith tree height( 0. 267),diameter at breast height( 0. 259),organic matters( 0. 306),available N( 0. 909),available P( 0. 805),and total N( 0. 213),but was significantly negatively correlated with the number of trees per hectare. We evaluated the 16 stands with 10% selection rate and the seed production per hectareas selection standard,and the stands 3 206 and 3 308 were selected as superior stands. Compared with the population mean,the soil organic matter was increased by 11. 91 g · kg~(-1),available N was increased by 30. 92 mg·kg~(-1),available P was increased by 13. 65 mg·kg~(-1),total N was increased by 0. 4 g·kg~(-1),the seed production per hectare was increased by 461. 35 kg·hm-2,diameter at breast height was increased by 1. 9 cm,tree height was increased by 0. 69 m,and the number of trees per hectare was decreased by 104. The results would provide a theoretical basis for selecting the appropriate nursing management methods to improve the pine seeds yield and transforming as the fruit forest.
We took 16 Pinus koraiensis stands in Sanpeng Frorest Tree Improved Variety Bases in Tonghua County,Jilin Province as materials,and investigated their soil physical and chemical properties( pH,electrical conductivity,organic matter,available K,available N,available P,total N and C/N),growth and fruiting traits( tree height,diameter at breast height,the seed production per hectare),and the number of trees perhectare. By variance analysis,all the indices were significantly different( P < 0. 01) among different stands except available K,C/N and tree height. The coefficients of phynotypic variance of all the indices ranged from3. 59% to 42. 04%,which were high variance stands and beneficial for evaluation and selection of superior stands. By correlation analysis,the seed production per hectare was significantly positively correlatedwith tree height( 0. 267),diameter at breast height( 0. 259),organic matters( 0. 306),available N( 0. 909),available P( 0. 805),and total N( 0. 213),but was significantly negatively correlated with the number of trees per hectare. We evaluated the 16 stands with 10% selection rate and the seed production per hectareas selection standard,and the stands 3 206 and 3 308 were selected as superior stands. Compared with the population mean,the soil organic matter was increased by 11. 91 g · kg~(-1),available N was increased by 30. 92 mg·kg~(-1),available P was increased by 13. 65 mg·kg~(-1),total N was increased by 0. 4 g·kg~(-1),the seed production per hectare was increased by 461. 35 kg·hm-2,diameter at breast height was increased by 1. 9 cm,tree height was increased by 0. 69 m,and the number of trees per hectare was decreased by 104. The results would provide a theoretical basis for selecting the appropriate nursing management methods to improve the pine seeds yield and transforming as the fruit forest.
引文
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6.韩宁林.值得重视的松籽资源[J].林业科技开发,1996(4):12-13.Han N L.Appreciable pine seed resources[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,1996(4):12-13.
7.Kim R.Chemical composition of Pinus koraiensis seed and its biological activity[J].KSBB Journal,2013,28(6):380-386.
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9.Deineka V I,Deineka L A.Triglyceride composition of Pinus sibiricaoil[J].Chemistry of Natural Compounds,2003,39(2):171-173.
10.Hu F B,Stampfer M J.Nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease:a review of epidemiologic evidence[J].Current Atherosclerosis Reports,1999,1(3):204-209.
11.王振宇,杨立宾,魏殿文.红松松仁中天然产物的研究进展[J].国土与自然资源研究,2008(2):90-91.Wang Z Y,Yang L B,Wei D W.Research advanceof natural product in Korean pine nut[J].Territory&Natural Resources Study,2008,(2):90-91.
12.Gresti J,Mignerot C,Bézard J,et al.Distribution ofΔ5-olefinic acids in the triacylglycerols from Pinus koraiensis and Pinus pinaster seed oils[J].Journal of the American Oil Chemists’Society,1996,73(11):1539-1547.
13.王振宇,牛之瑞.红松仁多不饱和脂肪酸研究进展[J].粮油加工,2007(2):58-61.Wang Z Y,Niu Z R.Advance in the polyunsaturated fatty acids of Korean pine nut[J].Cerealsand Oils Processing,2007,(2):58-61.
14.Su X Y,Wang Z Y,Liu J R.In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of Pinus koraiensis seed extract containing phenolic compounds[J].Food Chemistry,2009,117(4):681-686.
15.Wang H M,Xia D A,Wang W J,et al.Genetic variations of wood properties and growth characters of Korean pines from different provenances[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2002,13(4):277-280.
16.梁德洋,金允哲,赵光浩,等.50个红松无性系生长与木材性状变异研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(6):51-59.Liang D Y,Jin Y Z,Zhao G H,et al.Variance analyses of growth and wood characteristics of 50 Pinus koraiensis clones[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(6):51-59.
17.刘颖,张海军.红松嫁接技术[J].林业科技开发,2009,23(1):117-119.Liu Y,Zhang H J.Techniques for the grafting of Korean pine[J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,2009,23(1):117-119.
18.申晓辉,蒋湘宁,Park Y S,等.红松体细胞胚胎培养技术体系的建立[J].成都大学学报:自然科学版,2005,24(1):11-14.Shen X H,Jiang X N,Park Y S,et al.Somatic embryogenisis(SE)in Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc)[J].Journal of Chengdu University:Natural Science,2005,24(1):11-14.
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