电动汽车参与电网二次调频建模与控制策略
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摘要
风电等分布式电源大规模接入电网,使得电网的频率控制问题变得日益复杂。大量且分散的电动汽车通过集中式控制聚合在一起,具有提供频率调节服务的能力,为解决这一问题提供了新的途径。根据电动汽车的快速响应特性和能量受到约束的特点,通过巴特沃斯滤波器将调频信号分解,将其中的高频分量分配于电动汽车承担,同时电动汽车根据电池荷电状态按比例分配调节功率。通过单区域系统调频模型仿真,验证了策略的有效性,表明该策略能够发挥电动汽车的快速响应特点,对抑制频率偏差有显著作用。
As distributed power sources such as wind power are connected to power grid, frequency control of the grid becomes increasingly complex. A large number of dispersed electric vehicles, aggregated through centralized control, have the ability to offer frequency adjustment services, thus providing a new approach to solve this problem. According to the fast response characteristics and energy constrained feature of electric vehicles, the regulation signal is decomposed with Butterworth filter, in which the high frequency components are distributed to the electric vehicles. At the same time, the regulation power is allocated among electric vehicles according to the battery state of charge. Effectiveness of the strategy was verified with single-area system frequency control model simulation, showing that this strategy can exert the characteristics of fast response of electric vehicles with significant effect on suppression of frequency deviation.
As distributed power sources such as wind power are connected to power grid, frequency control of the grid becomes increasingly complex. A large number of dispersed electric vehicles, aggregated through centralized control, have the ability to offer frequency adjustment services, thus providing a new approach to solve this problem. According to the fast response characteristics and energy constrained feature of electric vehicles, the regulation signal is decomposed with Butterworth filter, in which the high frequency components are distributed to the electric vehicles. At the same time, the regulation power is allocated among electric vehicles according to the battery state of charge. Effectiveness of the strategy was verified with single-area system frequency control model simulation, showing that this strategy can exert the characteristics of fast response of electric vehicles with significant effect on suppression of frequency deviation.
引文
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[19]胡泽春,谢旭,张放,等.含储能资源参与的自动发电控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5080-5087.Hu Zechun,Xie Xu,Zhang Fang,et al.Research on automatic generation control strategy incorporating energy storage resources[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5080-5087(in Chinese).
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[2]Xu Z,Ostergaard J,Togeby M.Demand as frequency controlled reserve[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,26(3):1062-1071.
[3]国务院.节能与新能源汽车产业发展规划(2012-2020年)[EB/OL].(2012-07-09).http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1146557/n1146619/c3072778/content.html.
[4]TomiJ,Kempton W.Using fleets of electric-drive vehicles for grid support[J].Journal of Power Sources,2007,168(2):459-468.
[5]艾欣,赵阅群,周树鹏.适应清洁能源消纳的配电网集群电动汽车充电负荷模型与仿真研究[J].中国电力,2016,49(6):170-175.Ai Xin,Zhao Yuequn,Zhou Shupeng.Study on aggregate electric vehicle charging load model and simulation for clean energy accommodation in distribution network[J].Electric Power,2016,49(6):170-175(in Chinese).
[6]葛少云,郭建祎,刘洪,等.计及需求侧响应及区域风光出力的电动汽车有序充电对电网负荷曲线的影响[J].电网技术,2014,38(7):1806-1811.Ge Shaoyun,Guo Jianyi,Liu Hong,et al.Impacts of electric vehicle’s ordered charging on power grid load curve considering demand side response and output of regional wind farm and photovoltaic generation[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(7):1806-1811(in Chinese).
[7]李秋硕,肖湘宁,郭静,等.电动汽车有序充电方法研究[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):32-38.Li Qiushuo,Xiao Xiangning,Guo Jing,et al.Research on scheme for ordered charging of electric vehicles[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):32-38(in Chinese).
[8]樊英,张丽,薛钟兵,等.基于V2G的无功功率补偿技术[J].电网技术,2013,37(2):307-311.Fan Ying,Zhang Li,Xue Zhongbing,et al.Reactive compensation technology based on vehicle to grid[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(2):307-311(in Chinese).
[9]杜爱虎,胡泽春,宋永华,等.考虑电动汽车充电站布局优化的配电网规划[J].电网技术,2011,35(11):35-42.Du Aihu,Hu Zechun,Song Yonghua,et al.Distribution network planning considering layout optimization of electric vehicle charging stations[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(11):35-42(in Chinese).
[10]贾龙,胡泽春,宋永华,等.储能和电动汽车充电站与配电网的联合规划研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1):73-83.Jia Long,Hu Zechun,Song Yonghua,et al.Joint planning of distribution networks with distributed energy storage systems and electric vehicle charging stations[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(1):73-83(in Chinese).
[11]陆凌蓉,文福拴,薛禹胜,等.电动汽车智能网络控制系统及其通信机制设计[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(20):44-49.Lu Lingrong,Wen Fushuan,Xue Yusheng,et al.An intelligent network control system for plug-in electric vehicles and the associate communication mechanism[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(20):44-49(in Chinese).
[12]Guille C,Gross G.A conceptual framework for the(V2G)implementation[J].Energy Policy,2009,37(11):4379-4390.
[13]张琨,葛少云,刘洪,等.智能配电系统环境下的电动汽车调频竞标模型[J].电网技术,2016,40(9):2588-2595.Zhang Kun,Ge Shaoyun,Liu Hong,et al.A bidding model for electric vehicles to provide regulation services based on intelligent distribution system[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(9):2588-2595(in Chinese).
[14]张谦,周林,周雒维,等.计及电动汽车充放电静态频率特性的负荷频率控制[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(16):74-80.Zhang Qian,Zhou Lin,Zhou Luowei,et al.Load frequency control considering charging and discharging static frequency characteristics of electric vehicles[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(16):74-80(in Chinese).
[15]鲍谚,贾利民,姜久春,等.电动汽车移动储能辅助频率控制策略的研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(11):115-126.Bao Yan,Jia Limin,Jiang Jiuchun,et al.Research on the control strategy of electric vehicle mobile energy storage in ancillary frequency regulation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(11):115-126(in Chinese).
[16]张谦,李晨,周林,等.计及电动汽车实时可控能量动态变化的负荷频率控制[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(8):234-241.Zhang Qian,Li Chen,Zhou Lin,et al.Load frequency control considering dynamic change of real time controllable EV energy[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(8):234-241(in Chinese).
[17]Liu H,Hu Z,Song Y,et al.Vehicle-to-grid control for supplementary frequency regulation considering charging demands[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2015,30(6):3110-3119.
[18]陈大宇,张粒子.美国电力需求侧调频实践及其对我国的启示[J].现代电力,2015,32(5):21-26.Chen Dayu,Zhang Lizi.Frequency regulation practice at demand side in USA and its enlightenment to China[J].Modern Electric Power,2015,32(5):21-26(in Chinese).
[19]胡泽春,谢旭,张放,等.含储能资源参与的自动发电控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5080-5087.Hu Zechun,Xie Xu,Zhang Fang,et al.Research on automatic generation control strategy incorporating energy storage resources[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5080-5087(in Chinese).
[20]Thingvad A,Ziras C,Hu J,et al.Assessing the energy content of system frequency and electric vehicle charging efficiency for ancillary service provision[C]//2017 52nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference(UPEC).Heraklion,Greece:IEEE,2017:1-6.
[21]Michigami T,Ishii T.Construction of fluctuation load model and dynamic simulation with LFC control of DC power system and frequency converter interconnection[C]//IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition.Yokohama,Japan:IEEE,2002:382-387.