山地民族旅游地旅游吸引物空间结构特征研究:以恩施土家族苗族自治州为例
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摘要
旅游吸引物的空间分布与结构特征直接决定了区域旅游空间的打造,而游客对旅游吸引物的选择和空间流动也直接决定了旅游供需市场是否均衡。本研究以山地民族旅游地为研究对象,选取湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州所有等级的530个旅游吸引物进行研究,综合运用地理空间分析技术方法和社会网络分析方法,基于供需视角深入分析恩施州旅游吸引物的空间结构特征,并对旅游流网络结构进行空间耦合特征分析。研究表明:恩施州旅游吸引物主要是人文旅游资源,有较为合理的规模结构;旅游吸引物分布比较分散,在恩施市中部、建始县南部、鹤峰县西北部等地区有一定的地理集中性,高级别旅游点主要聚集在中西部经济相对发达的地区;交通路网较为密集但发达程度低,旅游吸引物与交通路网的连接度为1.32,处于中低级水平;旅游吸引物中心结构较为完整,但部分地区均衡程度较低;旅游流网络空间结构呈现出与旅游吸引物空间结构不同的特征,旅游产品的供给和游客需求间的匹配程度较低,供需矛盾比较突出。
The spatial distribution and structural characteristics of tourism attractions determine the construction of regional tourism space directly,and the tourists' choices and spatial flow of tourism attractions also determine the equilibrium level between supply and demand of the tourism market. This paper aims at upland ethnic tourisms destination,selects 530 tourism attractions at all levels in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,applies geographical spatial analysis method and social network analysis method based on the supply and demand perspective,and analyzes the spatial structure features of Enshi tourism attractions and the spatial coupling characteristics of the tourist flow network structure. The results show that the tourism attractions in Enshi prefecture are mainly humanistic tourism resources with a reasonable structure of scale; the distribution of tourism attraction is relatively dispersed,while there are some geographical concentration in the center of Enshi City; the south of Jianshi County and the northwest of Hefeng County and the high-level tourist sites are mainly concentrated in the relatively developed areas of the central and western regions; the traffic network is more dense but less developed; the connection index of tourism attraction and traffic network reaches 1.32 at a low level; the central structure of tourist attraction is relatively complete,but several areas are unbalanced; the spatial structure of tourist flow network presents different characteristics from the spatial structure of tourism attractions. The supply of tourism products and the demand of tourists have a low matching degree and there is a prominent contradiction between supply and demand.
The spatial distribution and structural characteristics of tourism attractions determine the construction of regional tourism space directly,and the tourists' choices and spatial flow of tourism attractions also determine the equilibrium level between supply and demand of the tourism market. This paper aims at upland ethnic tourisms destination,selects 530 tourism attractions at all levels in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,applies geographical spatial analysis method and social network analysis method based on the supply and demand perspective,and analyzes the spatial structure features of Enshi tourism attractions and the spatial coupling characteristics of the tourist flow network structure. The results show that the tourism attractions in Enshi prefecture are mainly humanistic tourism resources with a reasonable structure of scale; the distribution of tourism attraction is relatively dispersed,while there are some geographical concentration in the center of Enshi City; the south of Jianshi County and the northwest of Hefeng County and the high-level tourist sites are mainly concentrated in the relatively developed areas of the central and western regions; the traffic network is more dense but less developed; the connection index of tourism attraction and traffic network reaches 1.32 at a low level; the central structure of tourist attraction is relatively complete,but several areas are unbalanced; the spatial structure of tourist flow network presents different characteristics from the spatial structure of tourism attractions. The supply of tourism products and the demand of tourists have a low matching degree and there is a prominent contradiction between supply and demand.
引文
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[14]周晶,章锦河,陈静,李曼.中国湿地自然保护区、湿地公园和国际重要湿地的空间结构分析[J].湿地科学,2014,12(5):597-605.
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[20]王恒,李悦铮.大连市旅游景区空间结构分析与优化[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(1):84-89.
[21]程海峰,胡文海.池州市A级旅游景区空间结构[J].地理科学,2014,34(10):1275-1280.
[22]谢志华,吴必虎.中国资源型景区旅游空间结构研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):748-753.
[23]李小建.经济地理学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.
[24]王娟,胡静,贾垚焱,刘大均,许贤棠,朱磊.城市旅游流的网络结构特征及流动方式——以武汉自助游为例[J].经济地理,2016,36(06):176-184+175.
[25]吴信值,黄翔,胡召芹.基于核心-边缘理论的武汉城市旅游圈构建研究[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2008,30(1):55-58.
[2]DM Spotts.Regional analysis of tourism resources for marketing purposes[J].Journal of Travel Research,1997,35(3):3-15.
[3]Paul E.Lovingood Jr,Lisle E.Mitchell.A regional analysis of South Carolina tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1989,16(3):301-317.
[4]Dredge,Dianne.Destination place planning and design[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1999,26(4):772-791.
[5]CP Barros,L Botti,N Peypoch,E Robinot,B Solonandrasana.Performance of French destinations:Tourism attraction perspectives[J].Tourism Management,2011,32(1):141-146.
[6]吴必虎,唐子颖.旅游吸引物空间结构分析——以中国首批国家4A级旅游区(点)为例[J].人文地理,2003,18(1):1-5.
[7]马晓龙,杨新军.中国4A级旅游区(点):空间特征与产业配置研究[J].经济地理,2003,23(5):713-716.
[8]王明利,陈能,黄昊.中国5A级旅游景区空间分布结构研究[J].地理空间信息,2013,11(2):101-103.
[9]袁露,杨彦平,王继建.中国5A级旅游景区发展特征研究[J].华中师范大学学报(自科版),2014,48(2):301-306.
[10]卞显红.长江三角洲国家AAAA级旅游区空间结构[J].经济地理,2007,27(1):159-162.
[11]黄远水,陈钢华,伍弦.福建省旅游景区空间结构研究——基于国家3A级以上旅游景区的统计分析[J].经济地理,2010,30(7):1195-1199.
[12]胡海胜,王林.中国历史文化名镇名村空间结构分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2008,24(3):109-112.
[13]严赛.中国传统村落分布的特点及其原因分析[J].大理学院学报,2014,13(9):25-29.
[14]周晶,章锦河,陈静,李曼.中国湿地自然保护区、湿地公园和国际重要湿地的空间结构分析[J].湿地科学,2014,12(5):597-605.
[15]杨明举,白永平,张晓州,张秋亮.中国国家级风景名胜区旅游资源空间结构研究[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(3):56-60.
[16]戴学军,丁登山,林岚.长三角地区旅游圈吸引物体系空间结构聚集分形特征[J].地理研究,2010,29(12):2189-2200.
[17]杨君,陈宣霖.长株潭城市群旅游吸引物体系的空间结构研究[J].湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016,40(3):82-87.
[18]刘大均,谢双玉,陈君子,胡静.武汉城市圈旅游景区空间结构分形研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(10):1276-1281.
[19]戴学军,丁登山,许志晖,林岚.旅游景区(点)系统空间结构随机聚集分形研究——以南京市旅游景区(点)系统为例[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(5):706-713.
[20]王恒,李悦铮.大连市旅游景区空间结构分析与优化[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(1):84-89.
[21]程海峰,胡文海.池州市A级旅游景区空间结构[J].地理科学,2014,34(10):1275-1280.
[22]谢志华,吴必虎.中国资源型景区旅游空间结构研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):748-753.
[23]李小建.经济地理学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.
[24]王娟,胡静,贾垚焱,刘大均,许贤棠,朱磊.城市旅游流的网络结构特征及流动方式——以武汉自助游为例[J].经济地理,2016,36(06):176-184+175.
[25]吴信值,黄翔,胡召芹.基于核心-边缘理论的武汉城市旅游圈构建研究[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2008,30(1):55-58.