干旱半干旱区7个云杉属树种引种适应性研究
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摘要
在甘肃省干旱半干旱区引种4年生云杉属7个植物,对其抗寒性、抗旱性、耐盐碱性及生长性状进行研究。结果表明:在试验区7个云杉属树种抗寒性表现为川西云杉=红皮云杉>白扦=粗枝云杉=恩氏云杉=蓝云杉>黑云杉;白扦、恩氏云杉抗旱性较差,其它云杉属树种表现较好;恩氏云杉抗盐碱性较差,而其它云杉属的树种表现出较好的抗盐碱特性。7个云杉属树种引种后保苗率为红皮云杉>川西云杉>粗枝云杉>白扦>蓝云杉>恩氏云杉>黑云杉。7个云杉属树种树高、当年新梢生长量和冠幅的变异系数较大,各性状在种间差异极显著。对7个云杉属树种运用性状综合评价方法进行评价,初步筛选出在甘肃省干旱半干旱区具有较强适应性和生长潜力的云杉种为川西云杉和红皮云杉。
Seven species of 4-year-old Picea were introduced in arid and semi-arid regions of in Gansu Province to study their cold-tolerance,drought resistance,salt-salinity tolerance and growth traits. The results showed that the cold resistance of 7 species of Picea in the experimental area was as follows: Picea balfouriana= Picea koraiensis > Picea asperata = Picea meyeri = Picea pungen‘Glauca Globosa'= Picea engelmanii > Picea mariana; Picea meyeri and Picea engelmanii had poor drought resistance and other spruce plants performed well.Picea engelmanii had poor salt and alkalinity,while other Picea species showed better resistance to salinity. The conservation rates of the seven species of Picea after introduction were as follows: Picea koraiensis > Picea balfouriana > Picea asperata > Picea meyeri > Picea pungen‘Glauca Globosa'> Picea engelmanii > Picea mariana.The coefficient of variation of tree height,shoot growth,and crown width of the seven species of Picea were relatively large. The differences among the traits were extremely significant among the species. A comprehensive evaluation method for traits of seven species of Picea was used to evaluate the spruce species. The Picea balfouriana and Picea koraiensis were selected as the spruce species with strong adaptability and growth potential in the arid and semi-arid regions of Gansu Province
Seven species of 4-year-old Picea were introduced in arid and semi-arid regions of in Gansu Province to study their cold-tolerance,drought resistance,salt-salinity tolerance and growth traits. The results showed that the cold resistance of 7 species of Picea in the experimental area was as follows: Picea balfouriana= Picea koraiensis > Picea asperata = Picea meyeri = Picea pungen‘Glauca Globosa'= Picea engelmanii > Picea mariana; Picea meyeri and Picea engelmanii had poor drought resistance and other spruce plants performed well.Picea engelmanii had poor salt and alkalinity,while other Picea species showed better resistance to salinity. The conservation rates of the seven species of Picea after introduction were as follows: Picea koraiensis > Picea balfouriana > Picea asperata > Picea meyeri > Picea pungen‘Glauca Globosa'> Picea engelmanii > Picea mariana.The coefficient of variation of tree height,shoot growth,and crown width of the seven species of Picea were relatively large. The differences among the traits were extremely significant among the species. A comprehensive evaluation method for traits of seven species of Picea was used to evaluate the spruce species. The Picea balfouriana and Picea koraiensis were selected as the spruce species with strong adaptability and growth potential in the arid and semi-arid regions of Gansu Province
引文
[1]贾子瑞,张守攻,王军辉. 7种云杉属树种花粉形态特征及其系统学的意义[J].电子显微学报,2011,30(3):257-264.
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[6]刘娇妹,王军辉,张守攻,等.云杉种间和种源间苗期性状的遗传变异研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2003(z1):112-115.
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[9]王燕,晏紫依,苏艳,等.不同施肥方法对欧洲云杉生长生理和根系形态的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(6):15-21.
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[11]李得禄,刘世增,康才周,等.水分胁迫下云杉属两种植物荧光参数特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(6):117-121.
[12]胡勐鸿,贾子瑞,李青粉,等.云杉属7个种针叶性状种间和种内变异分析[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(12):2529-2536.
[13]林玲,段二龙,罗建.云杉属植物种子形态及萌发特征的种间变异[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(1):62-66.
[14]闫杰.银水牛果等四种美国树种引种试验及苗期抗旱性研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009:1-34.
[15]韩生慧,徐先英,贺访印,等.干旱荒漠区几种云杉属植物的生态适应性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):55-60.
[16]李晓清,罗建勋.粗枝云杉纸浆材种源林分区划研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2001,19(1):34-36.
[17]贾忠奎,马履一,王小平.北美白云杉、黑云杉在中国的引种研究[J].江西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,24(3):340-345.
[18]冯祥元,于柱英,种培芳.不同种源地云杉的苗期抗旱性评价[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(1):95-102.
[19]夏燕,张建伟,田开春,等.云杉5个种18个种源的早期评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(12):1-6.
[20]罗建勋,杨龙华,辜云杰,等.云杉天然群体遗传多样性的综合评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011,39(4):69-76.
[21]Schlyter P,Stjernquist I,Brring L,et al. Assessment of the impacts of climate change and weather extremes on boreal forests in northern Europe,focusing on Norway spruce[J]. Climate Research,2006,31(1):75-84.
[22]Gebauer R,Volaík D,Urban J,et al. Effect of thinning on anatomical adaptations of Norway spruce needles[J]. Tree Physiology,2011,31(10):1103-1113.
[23]刘卫东,程宇飞,王艾飞,等. 20个品种观赏桃在湖南的引种适应性评价[J].经济林研究,2017,35(3):13-23.
[24]Holst M. Growth of Norway Spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)Provenances in Eastern North America[M]. Ottawa:Queen’s Printer and Controller of Stationery,1963:23-27.
[25]王秋玉,任旭琴,姜静.红皮云杉地理种源遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,32(6):1-3.
[26]张飞,房伟民,陈发棣,等.切花菊花器性状的遗传变异与相关性研究[J].浙江林学院学报,2008,25(3):293-297.
[27]刘平生,葛莉莉,赵丽.云杉属部分树种引种评价及应用[C].贵阳:第十五届中国科协年会第19分会场:中国西部生态林业和民生林业与科技创新学术研讨会论文集,2013:1-4.
[28]张双英,王军辉,田开春,等.云杉属的种和种源选择试验[J].湖南林业科技,2013,40(4):29-32.
[2]罗建勋.云杉天然群体遗传多样性研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2004:1-119.
[3]徐文铎,郑元润,刘广田.内蒙古沙地云杉生长与生态条件关系的研究[J].应用生态学报,1993,4(4):368-373.
[4]马常耕.世界云杉无性系林业发展现状[J].世界林业研究,1993,6(6):24-31.
[5]郑舒文.几种云杉遗传多样性及其对环境适应性研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015:1-55.
[6]刘娇妹,王军辉,张守攻,等.云杉种间和种源间苗期性状的遗传变异研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2003(z1):112-115.
[7]王飞,刘世增,刘有军,等.沙地云杉和青海云杉种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱盐碱胁迫的响应[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(11):2309-2316.
[8]胡盼,王川,王军辉,等.青海云杉花芽分化期内源激素含量的变化特征[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(3):540-545.
[9]王燕,晏紫依,苏艳,等.不同施肥方法对欧洲云杉生长生理和根系形态的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(6):15-21.
[10]宋璐.云杉属主要树种生长生理特征研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015:1-52.
[11]李得禄,刘世增,康才周,等.水分胁迫下云杉属两种植物荧光参数特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(6):117-121.
[12]胡勐鸿,贾子瑞,李青粉,等.云杉属7个种针叶性状种间和种内变异分析[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(12):2529-2536.
[13]林玲,段二龙,罗建.云杉属植物种子形态及萌发特征的种间变异[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(1):62-66.
[14]闫杰.银水牛果等四种美国树种引种试验及苗期抗旱性研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009:1-34.
[15]韩生慧,徐先英,贺访印,等.干旱荒漠区几种云杉属植物的生态适应性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):55-60.
[16]李晓清,罗建勋.粗枝云杉纸浆材种源林分区划研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2001,19(1):34-36.
[17]贾忠奎,马履一,王小平.北美白云杉、黑云杉在中国的引种研究[J].江西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,24(3):340-345.
[18]冯祥元,于柱英,种培芳.不同种源地云杉的苗期抗旱性评价[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(1):95-102.
[19]夏燕,张建伟,田开春,等.云杉5个种18个种源的早期评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(12):1-6.
[20]罗建勋,杨龙华,辜云杰,等.云杉天然群体遗传多样性的综合评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011,39(4):69-76.
[21]Schlyter P,Stjernquist I,Brring L,et al. Assessment of the impacts of climate change and weather extremes on boreal forests in northern Europe,focusing on Norway spruce[J]. Climate Research,2006,31(1):75-84.
[22]Gebauer R,Volaík D,Urban J,et al. Effect of thinning on anatomical adaptations of Norway spruce needles[J]. Tree Physiology,2011,31(10):1103-1113.
[23]刘卫东,程宇飞,王艾飞,等. 20个品种观赏桃在湖南的引种适应性评价[J].经济林研究,2017,35(3):13-23.
[24]Holst M. Growth of Norway Spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)Provenances in Eastern North America[M]. Ottawa:Queen’s Printer and Controller of Stationery,1963:23-27.
[25]王秋玉,任旭琴,姜静.红皮云杉地理种源遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,32(6):1-3.
[26]张飞,房伟民,陈发棣,等.切花菊花器性状的遗传变异与相关性研究[J].浙江林学院学报,2008,25(3):293-297.
[27]刘平生,葛莉莉,赵丽.云杉属部分树种引种评价及应用[C].贵阳:第十五届中国科协年会第19分会场:中国西部生态林业和民生林业与科技创新学术研讨会论文集,2013:1-4.
[28]张双英,王军辉,田开春,等.云杉属的种和种源选择试验[J].湖南林业科技,2013,40(4):29-32.