轮对提吊异常振动分析及改进
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摘要
针对某地铁车辆的轮对提吊在运用中出现异常振动,且出现个别断裂的问题,对该线路车辆进行振动测试,采用时域、频域和时-频-能量振动信号分析方法,结合有限元模态仿真对异常振动进行原因分析,结果表明,轮对提吊的一阶弯曲频率在300Hz左右,线路存在多处较为严重的波磨,波磨主频主要集中在290～400Hz,波磨振动能量大且部分频率与轮对提吊固有频率接近,导致轮对提吊振动非常大,因此,线路波磨是造成异常振动的原因。以线路试验实测谱作为激励,利用nCode疲劳软件对比分析3种方案的疲劳寿命,结果表明,单纯改变结构对寿命难有质的提升,采用碳纤维新材料能达到无限寿命的设计要求。
As for the wheelset lift abnormal vibration and individual crack during the certain subway line operation,a vibration test was performed on the vehicle of the line.Time domain,frequency domain and time-frequency-energy vibration signal analysis methods were used.Combined with finite element modal simulation results,the causes of lift unusual vibration are analyzed.The result shows that the first-order bending frequency of the wheelset is at about 300 Hz,and there are many serious corrugation on the line.The main corrugation frequency is concentrated at 290-400 Hz.The vibration energy of corrugation is large and part of the frequency is close to the wheelset lift,leading to large wheelset lift vibrations.Therefore,the line corrugation is the cause of the abnormal vibration.Using the measured load spectrum on the line as an incentive,the fatigue life of three structures was compared and analyzed with nCode fatigue software.The result shows that simply changing the structure can hardly improve the life.The new carbon fiber material can meet the requirements for infinite life design.
As for the wheelset lift abnormal vibration and individual crack during the certain subway line operation,a vibration test was performed on the vehicle of the line.Time domain,frequency domain and time-frequency-energy vibration signal analysis methods were used.Combined with finite element modal simulation results,the causes of lift unusual vibration are analyzed.The result shows that the first-order bending frequency of the wheelset is at about 300 Hz,and there are many serious corrugation on the line.The main corrugation frequency is concentrated at 290-400 Hz.The vibration energy of corrugation is large and part of the frequency is close to the wheelset lift,leading to large wheelset lift vibrations.Therefore,the line corrugation is the cause of the abnormal vibration.Using the measured load spectrum on the line as an incentive,the fatigue life of three structures was compared and analyzed with nCode fatigue software.The result shows that simply changing the structure can hardly improve the life.The new carbon fiber material can meet the requirements for infinite life design.
引文
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[5]李舜酩,李香莲.振动信号的现代分析技术与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[6]曹树谦,张文德,萧龙翔.振动结构模态分析[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2014.
[7]杨万均施荣明.随机振动应力幅值的分布规律[J].机械设计与研究,2011,27(6):16-20.