广西玉米种质资源系统调查与收集
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摘要
"第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动"广西项目组从2015年11月至2018年7月,采用访问和实地调查相结合的方法,对广西53个县(区)、71个乡(镇)、190个村(屯)的农作物种质资源现状及利用情况进行了系统调查,并对种质资源进行了收集,共收集和征集玉米地方品种资源308份,鉴定评价玉米资源270份。对收集的玉米资源分布特点进行分析,结果表明广西玉米地方品种主要分布于桂西北和桂北地区,桂东和桂东南分布较少。凌云、乐业、田林、凤山、东兰5县最集中。垂直分布结果显示:玉米地方品种分布最集中的区域为海拔400～800 m的中高海拔山区,占收集总数的39.6%。农艺性状初步鉴定结果:收集的玉米资源数量最多的是糯玉米,籽粒颜色最多的是白粒。鉴定评价获得墨白玉米、九节黄、珍珠糯玉米、忻城白糯、隆安爆玉米和天等爆玉米等6份玉米资源,分别在抗病虫、抗逆、品质等方面有优良的表现,对种质改良,选育高产、优质、广适的新品种有较高的利用价值。本文对收集到的玉米资源种类及利用价值进行了评价,对调查地区玉米地方品种现状、消长情况及原因进行了分析,并对广西玉米地方品种保护和开发利用进行了讨论,为广西玉米种质资源的发掘和创新利用提供参考依据。
From November of 2015 to Jul of 2018,as a sub-project of the Third National Survey and Collection Action on Crop Gemplasm Resources,we conducted a systematic investigation on the status quo and utilization of crop germplasm resources in Guangxi,where 190 villages in 71 towns of 53 counties were surveyed.Through visiting and ?eld surveying,a total of 308 maize(Zea mays L.) landraces were collected,among which the phenotypic variation of 270 maize landraces were identi?ed and evaluated. Based on the collection sites,a number of landraces were found in North and Northwest of Guangxi,while fewer accessions were collected from the East and Southeast areas. Particularly,many of accessions were found from counties including Lingyun,Leye,Tianlin,Fengshang and Donglan.The results of vertical distribution showed that the distribution of maize landraces were most concentrated in the middle-high altitude(400-800 m) mountain area,which accounted for39.6% of the total collection.Preliminary identi?cation results of agronomic characters showed that most of the collected maize accessions were waxy corn and white color.Notably,six maize landraces with elite traits were identi?ed,including Mobai maize,Jiujiehuang,Pearl waxy corn,Xincheng white waxy corn,Longan popcorn and Tiandeng popcorn,which were excellent in stress,diseases and insects resistance and had excellent performances in characters. Those special maize landraces would have a strong prospect for varieties utilization in quality,stress resistance,adaptability and nutrient ef?cient utilization.In this study,the classi?cation and utilization value of the collected maize were evaluated.Local situation,growth and decline conditions of the maize landraces in the investigated area were analyzed.Besides,the protection and utilization of maize landraces in Guangxi were discussed.It provides a reference for the exploitation and innovative utilization of maize germplasm resources in Guangxi.
From November of 2015 to Jul of 2018,as a sub-project of the Third National Survey and Collection Action on Crop Gemplasm Resources,we conducted a systematic investigation on the status quo and utilization of crop germplasm resources in Guangxi,where 190 villages in 71 towns of 53 counties were surveyed.Through visiting and ?eld surveying,a total of 308 maize(Zea mays L.) landraces were collected,among which the phenotypic variation of 270 maize landraces were identi?ed and evaluated. Based on the collection sites,a number of landraces were found in North and Northwest of Guangxi,while fewer accessions were collected from the East and Southeast areas. Particularly,many of accessions were found from counties including Lingyun,Leye,Tianlin,Fengshang and Donglan.The results of vertical distribution showed that the distribution of maize landraces were most concentrated in the middle-high altitude(400-800 m) mountain area,which accounted for39.6% of the total collection.Preliminary identi?cation results of agronomic characters showed that most of the collected maize accessions were waxy corn and white color.Notably,six maize landraces with elite traits were identi?ed,including Mobai maize,Jiujiehuang,Pearl waxy corn,Xincheng white waxy corn,Longan popcorn and Tiandeng popcorn,which were excellent in stress,diseases and insects resistance and had excellent performances in characters. Those special maize landraces would have a strong prospect for varieties utilization in quality,stress resistance,adaptability and nutrient ef?cient utilization.In this study,the classi?cation and utilization value of the collected maize were evaluated.Local situation,growth and decline conditions of the maize landraces in the investigated area were analyzed.Besides,the protection and utilization of maize landraces in Guangxi were discussed.It provides a reference for the exploitation and innovative utilization of maize germplasm resources in Guangxi.
引文
[1]赵文娇,贾文毓·广西壮族自治区乡级地名与地理环境要素·山西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2014, 28(S):83-85Zhao W J, Jia W Y, Township-level geographical names and geographical environmental elements in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region-Journal of Shanxi Normal University:Natural science edition, 2014,28(S):83-85
[2]黎裕,王天宇·玉米种质创新-进展与展望·玉米科学,2017,25(3):11-18Li Y, Wang T Y-Germplasm enhancement in maize:advances and prospects-Journal of Maize Sciences, 2017, 25(3):11-18
[3]农业部,国家发展改革委,科技部.全国农作物种质资源保护与利用中长期发展规划(2015-2030年).中华人民共和国农业部公报,2015(8):4-9Ministry of Agriculture, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Science and Technology-The protection of the national crop germplasm resources and the medium-and long-term development plan(2015-2030).Bulletin of the Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC, 2015(8):4-9
[4]王述民,张宗文·世界粮食和农业植物遗传资源保护与利用现状.植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(3):325-338Wang S M, Zhang Z W.The state of the world's plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2011,12(3):325-338
[5]覃兰秋,程伟东,谭贤杰,文仁来,江禹奉·广西玉米种质资源的特征特性及利用评价,广西农业科学,2006,37(5):510-512Qin L Q, Cheng W D,Tan X J,Wen R L, Jiang Y F.Characteristics and evaluation on utilization of maize germplasm in Guangxi-Joumal of Guangxi Agricultural Science,2006,37(5):510-512
[6]谢和霞,覃兰秋,程伟东,周锦国·广西玉米地方品种调查·植物遗传资源学报,2009, 10(3):490-494Xie H X,Qin L Q,Cheng W D,Zhou J G.Investigation on maize landraces in Guangxi Province-Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2009,10(3):490-494
[7]郑殿升,刘旭,卢新雄.农作物种质资源收集技术规程.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2007:22-23Zhen D S, Liu X, Lu X X-Technical specification for collection of crop germplasm resources-Beijing:Agricultural Science and Technology Press of China, 2007:22-23
[8]金涛·中国粮食作物种植结构调整及其水土资源利用效应·自然资源学报,2019, 34(1):14-25Jin T-The adjustment of China's grain cropping structure and its effect on the consumption of water and land resources-Journal of Natural Resources, 2019,34(1):14-25
[9]董昕,刘建飞,杨华,张晓春,张丕辉,官玲,余雪源,杨明,张继君,张谊模,张云贵,范彦,李淑君·重庆地区玉米种质资源调查与收集·植物遗传资源学报,2018, 19(2):203-211Dong X, Liu J F, Yang H, Zhang X C, Zhang P H, Guan L, Yu X Y, Yang M, Zhang J J, Zhang Y M, Zhang Y G, Fan Y, Li S J.Field survey and collection of maize germplasm resources in Chongqing.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2018, 19(2):203-211
[10]韦桂旺,杨华铨,覃兰秋,雷振光·广西地方玉米品种资源现状及利用途径·广西农业科学,1997(2):58-60Wei G W, Yang H S, Qin L Q, Lei Z G-Present situation and utilization of local maize variety resources in Guangxi-Joumal of Guangxi Agricultural Science, 1997(2):58-60
[11]张良玉,魏丽欣,靳宝柱·大田作物生长季热量资源变化及对农业生产的影响分析·农业与技术,2018,38(18):35Zhang L Y, Wei L X, Jin B Z-Analysis on the changes of heat and their effects on agriculture in the growing season of field crops.Journal of Agriculture and Technology, 2018, 38(18):35
[12]张彦军,苟作旺,王兴荣,陈伟英,祁旭升·甘肃省干旱地区抗逆农作物种质资源调查与分析·植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(6):1252-1257Zhang Y J, Gou Z W, Wang X R, Chen W Y, Qi X S.Investigation and analysis of stress-tolerant crop germplasm resources in arid region of Gansu province-Journal of PlantGenetic Resources,2015, 16(6):1252-1257
[13]马晓岗,蒋礼玲,许媛君,任建东·青海高原地区作物种质资源的收集保护和创新利用进展·植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(6):1272-1276Ma X G, Jiang L L, Xu Y J, Ren J D-Progress of conversation and inovation of crop germplasm resources in Qinghai plateau regions-Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2015, 16(6):1272-1276
[14]王思铭,周玖璇,况荣平,薛达元,武建勇·民族村落农业种质资源多样性变化及其原因分析——以云南省师宗县黑尔壮族社区为例·生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(4):380-384Wang S M, Zhou J X, Kuang R P, Xue D Y, Wu J Y-Change in agricultural gemplasm resource diversity in minority villages and analysis of its cause—a case study of Hei'er Zhuang Nationality village in Shizong county, Yunnan Province-Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2012,28(4):380-384
[15]卢文亮·贵州省农作物种质资源·贵州农业科学,2005(S1):57-58Lu W L-Germplasm resources of farm crop in Guizhou.Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2005(S1):57-58
[16]王晓为·基于生态文明视域下的作物种质资源伦理维度解析·生态经济:学术版,2014(1):9-11Wan X W.Analysis on dimensions of crop germplasm ethicsunder the perspective of ecological civilization.Ecological Economy,2014(1):9-11
[17]王雯玥,杨涛,谭光万,杨建仓·作物种质资源研究与利用——中国农业科学院作物学博士后论坛·中国种业,2018(1):14-20Wan W Y, Yang T, Tan G W, Yang J C.Research and utilization of crop germplasm resources—post-doctoral forum of chinese academy of agricultural sciences-China Seed Industry, 2018(1):14-20
[18]翟虎渠·中国作物种质资源保护与种质创新利用·中国花卉园艺,2013(19):22-24Zhai H Q-The protection of chinese crop germplasm resources and the utilization of germplasm-China Flowers&Horticulture,2013(19):22-24
[19]郑殿升,杨庆文·中国作物野生近缘植物资源·植物遗传资源学报,2014, 15(1):1-11Zheng D S, Yang Q W.Genetic resources of wild relatives of crops in China-Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2014, 15(1):1-11
[20]郑殿升,杨庆文,刘旭·中国作物种质资源多样性·植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(4):497-500, 506Zheng D S, Yang Q W, Liu X-Diversity of crop germplasm resources in China.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2011,12(4):497-500, 506
[2]黎裕,王天宇·玉米种质创新-进展与展望·玉米科学,2017,25(3):11-18Li Y, Wang T Y-Germplasm enhancement in maize:advances and prospects-Journal of Maize Sciences, 2017, 25(3):11-18
[3]农业部,国家发展改革委,科技部.全国农作物种质资源保护与利用中长期发展规划(2015-2030年).中华人民共和国农业部公报,2015(8):4-9Ministry of Agriculture, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Science and Technology-The protection of the national crop germplasm resources and the medium-and long-term development plan(2015-2030).Bulletin of the Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC, 2015(8):4-9
[4]王述民,张宗文·世界粮食和农业植物遗传资源保护与利用现状.植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(3):325-338Wang S M, Zhang Z W.The state of the world's plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2011,12(3):325-338
[5]覃兰秋,程伟东,谭贤杰,文仁来,江禹奉·广西玉米种质资源的特征特性及利用评价,广西农业科学,2006,37(5):510-512Qin L Q, Cheng W D,Tan X J,Wen R L, Jiang Y F.Characteristics and evaluation on utilization of maize germplasm in Guangxi-Joumal of Guangxi Agricultural Science,2006,37(5):510-512
[6]谢和霞,覃兰秋,程伟东,周锦国·广西玉米地方品种调查·植物遗传资源学报,2009, 10(3):490-494Xie H X,Qin L Q,Cheng W D,Zhou J G.Investigation on maize landraces in Guangxi Province-Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2009,10(3):490-494
[7]郑殿升,刘旭,卢新雄.农作物种质资源收集技术规程.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2007:22-23Zhen D S, Liu X, Lu X X-Technical specification for collection of crop germplasm resources-Beijing:Agricultural Science and Technology Press of China, 2007:22-23
[8]金涛·中国粮食作物种植结构调整及其水土资源利用效应·自然资源学报,2019, 34(1):14-25Jin T-The adjustment of China's grain cropping structure and its effect on the consumption of water and land resources-Journal of Natural Resources, 2019,34(1):14-25
[9]董昕,刘建飞,杨华,张晓春,张丕辉,官玲,余雪源,杨明,张继君,张谊模,张云贵,范彦,李淑君·重庆地区玉米种质资源调查与收集·植物遗传资源学报,2018, 19(2):203-211Dong X, Liu J F, Yang H, Zhang X C, Zhang P H, Guan L, Yu X Y, Yang M, Zhang J J, Zhang Y M, Zhang Y G, Fan Y, Li S J.Field survey and collection of maize germplasm resources in Chongqing.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2018, 19(2):203-211
[10]韦桂旺,杨华铨,覃兰秋,雷振光·广西地方玉米品种资源现状及利用途径·广西农业科学,1997(2):58-60Wei G W, Yang H S, Qin L Q, Lei Z G-Present situation and utilization of local maize variety resources in Guangxi-Joumal of Guangxi Agricultural Science, 1997(2):58-60
[11]张良玉,魏丽欣,靳宝柱·大田作物生长季热量资源变化及对农业生产的影响分析·农业与技术,2018,38(18):35Zhang L Y, Wei L X, Jin B Z-Analysis on the changes of heat and their effects on agriculture in the growing season of field crops.Journal of Agriculture and Technology, 2018, 38(18):35
[12]张彦军,苟作旺,王兴荣,陈伟英,祁旭升·甘肃省干旱地区抗逆农作物种质资源调查与分析·植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(6):1252-1257Zhang Y J, Gou Z W, Wang X R, Chen W Y, Qi X S.Investigation and analysis of stress-tolerant crop germplasm resources in arid region of Gansu province-Journal of PlantGenetic Resources,2015, 16(6):1252-1257
[13]马晓岗,蒋礼玲,许媛君,任建东·青海高原地区作物种质资源的收集保护和创新利用进展·植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(6):1272-1276Ma X G, Jiang L L, Xu Y J, Ren J D-Progress of conversation and inovation of crop germplasm resources in Qinghai plateau regions-Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2015, 16(6):1272-1276
[14]王思铭,周玖璇,况荣平,薛达元,武建勇·民族村落农业种质资源多样性变化及其原因分析——以云南省师宗县黑尔壮族社区为例·生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(4):380-384Wang S M, Zhou J X, Kuang R P, Xue D Y, Wu J Y-Change in agricultural gemplasm resource diversity in minority villages and analysis of its cause—a case study of Hei'er Zhuang Nationality village in Shizong county, Yunnan Province-Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2012,28(4):380-384
[15]卢文亮·贵州省农作物种质资源·贵州农业科学,2005(S1):57-58Lu W L-Germplasm resources of farm crop in Guizhou.Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2005(S1):57-58
[16]王晓为·基于生态文明视域下的作物种质资源伦理维度解析·生态经济:学术版,2014(1):9-11Wan X W.Analysis on dimensions of crop germplasm ethicsunder the perspective of ecological civilization.Ecological Economy,2014(1):9-11
[17]王雯玥,杨涛,谭光万,杨建仓·作物种质资源研究与利用——中国农业科学院作物学博士后论坛·中国种业,2018(1):14-20Wan W Y, Yang T, Tan G W, Yang J C.Research and utilization of crop germplasm resources—post-doctoral forum of chinese academy of agricultural sciences-China Seed Industry, 2018(1):14-20
[18]翟虎渠·中国作物种质资源保护与种质创新利用·中国花卉园艺,2013(19):22-24Zhai H Q-The protection of chinese crop germplasm resources and the utilization of germplasm-China Flowers&Horticulture,2013(19):22-24
[19]郑殿升,杨庆文·中国作物野生近缘植物资源·植物遗传资源学报,2014, 15(1):1-11Zheng D S, Yang Q W.Genetic resources of wild relatives of crops in China-Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2014, 15(1):1-11
[20]郑殿升,杨庆文,刘旭·中国作物种质资源多样性·植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(4):497-500, 506Zheng D S, Yang Q W, Liu X-Diversity of crop germplasm resources in China.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2011,12(4):497-500, 506