果实采后调控的研究进展
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摘要
离开树体的果实内部持续进行着复杂的新陈代谢,果实品质会发生一系列不可逆的分子、生理及生物化学变化,如色泽改变、芳香物质合成、可食性增加等,并涉及到一系列基因的表达和调控,导致果实品质下降,造成其果实不耐贮藏,货架期短,严重影响了果实的商品价值。因此,果实的采后调控的首要任务是在维持果实正常生理生化过程的前提下阻止或延缓果实继续生长发育,使其品质处于最佳,维持其鲜活状态。本综述结合果实采后生理活动的变化,详细阐述了国内外果实采后调控技术中应用性较强、易于产业化的物理或生物化学调控方法,如变温贮藏、辐射处理、水杨酸处理和一氧化氮处理等,并对果实采后调控机理的进展进行了综述。借助于分子生物学的发展,展望了未来果实贮藏保鲜调控分子、化学和物理技术相结合的构想,以期为不同果实的贮藏保鲜提供新的探究思路。
Fruit is undertaking complex metabolism ceaselessly after packing, resulting in a series of irreversible molecular, physiological and biochemical changes on fruit quality, such as color change, synthesis of aromatic compounds and increased edibility, as well as the expression and regulation of a series of genes. Those changes lead to a decline in fruit quality, poor storability and short shelf-life which significantly influences the commercial value of fruits. Therefore, the primary task of postharvest control is to prevent or delay the growth and development of fruit on the premise of maintaining the normal physiological and biochemical process of fruit, so as to keep the quality of the fruit in the best condition. Combined with the changes of postharvest physiological activities, the review summarized the physical or biochemical regulations among technologies of postharvest control with strong applicability and easy industrialization at home and abroad, such as variable temperature storage, administration of radiation, salicylic acid treatment and nitric oxide treatment. This review also focused on the progress in the mechanisms of fruit postharvest control. Based on the development of molecular biology, it was prospected a conception that combined molecular with chemical or physical techniques for fruit storage and preservation in the future, which would provide new research ideas for storage and preservation of different fruits.
Fruit is undertaking complex metabolism ceaselessly after packing, resulting in a series of irreversible molecular, physiological and biochemical changes on fruit quality, such as color change, synthesis of aromatic compounds and increased edibility, as well as the expression and regulation of a series of genes. Those changes lead to a decline in fruit quality, poor storability and short shelf-life which significantly influences the commercial value of fruits. Therefore, the primary task of postharvest control is to prevent or delay the growth and development of fruit on the premise of maintaining the normal physiological and biochemical process of fruit, so as to keep the quality of the fruit in the best condition. Combined with the changes of postharvest physiological activities, the review summarized the physical or biochemical regulations among technologies of postharvest control with strong applicability and easy industrialization at home and abroad, such as variable temperature storage, administration of radiation, salicylic acid treatment and nitric oxide treatment. This review also focused on the progress in the mechanisms of fruit postharvest control. Based on the development of molecular biology, it was prospected a conception that combined molecular with chemical or physical techniques for fruit storage and preservation in the future, which would provide new research ideas for storage and preservation of different fruits.
引文
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