基于聚类分析的风电场多机等效建模方法研究
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摘要
针对大规模双馈型机组所组成的风电场,提出1种将变桨机构动作情况作为风电场分群聚类指标的等值建模方法。通过将能够表征变桨机构动作状态的特征向量输入到支持向量机中,对风电机组进行动态分群,将同一群内的风机进行等效合并。此外叙述了等效机组参数计算方法,建立风电场多机等效模型。经过对不同建模方法的比较得出,此方法在保证仿真精度的前提下大幅度缩小了仿真时间,且仿真结果更加接近风电场实际运行工况,验证了该方法能够更加准确的表现出风电场并网点的动态特性。
For a large-scale wind farm with wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator(DFIG). Put forward a kind of equivalent model method by pitch angle action situation as a cluster index. The specific method is, input the feature vector can characterization the state of pitch angle action in support vector machine. The wind turbines are dynamically grouped, and the same group wind turbines are aggregated. The calculation method of equivalent wind turbine parameters has descried. Thus a wind farm model represented by multi-machine equivalent wind turbines is obtained. Through the comparison of different modeling methods, we can see the simulation time was reduced greatly in the premise of ensuring the accuracy of the simulation. And the result is more closed to the actual operating conditions of wind farm. Verified this equivalent model more accurately describes the dynamic characteristics of a wind farm at the grid connection point.
For a large-scale wind farm with wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator(DFIG). Put forward a kind of equivalent model method by pitch angle action situation as a cluster index. The specific method is, input the feature vector can characterization the state of pitch angle action in support vector machine. The wind turbines are dynamically grouped, and the same group wind turbines are aggregated. The calculation method of equivalent wind turbine parameters has descried. Thus a wind farm model represented by multi-machine equivalent wind turbines is obtained. Through the comparison of different modeling methods, we can see the simulation time was reduced greatly in the premise of ensuring the accuracy of the simulation. And the result is more closed to the actual operating conditions of wind farm. Verified this equivalent model more accurately describes the dynamic characteristics of a wind farm at the grid connection point.
引文
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[15]王增平,张乐丰.考虑弃风的DFIG风电场动态等值模型[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(13):1-6.WANG Zengping, ZHANG Lefeng. Dynamic equivalent model of wind farm with DFIG considering wind power curtailment[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(13):1-6.
[16]李辉,王荷生,赵斌,等.风电场不同等值模型的仿真研究[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(7):1005-1013.LI Hui, WANG Hesheng, ZHAO Bin, et al. Simulationg analysis of a wind farm with different aggregated models[J].Act Energiae Solaris Sinica,2011,32(7):1005-1013.
[17] FERNANDEZ L M, GARCIA C A, SAENZ J R, et al.Equivalent models of wind farms by using aggregated wind turbines and equivalent winds[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2009,50(3):691-704.
[18]徐玉琴,张林浩,王娜.计及尾流效应的双馈机组风电场等值建模研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(1):70-76.XU Yuqin,ZHANG Linhao, WANG Na. Study on equivalent model of wind farm with DFIG considering wake effects[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(1):70-76.
[19]余洋,米增强,刘兴杰,等.基于运行数据的大型风电场建模方法研究[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(10):1543-1548.YU Yang, MI Zengqiang, LIU Xingjie, et al. Modeling method of large-scale wind farm based on poerating data[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinca,2011,32(10):1543-1548.
[20]夏玥,李征,蔡旭,等.基于直驱式永磁同步发电机组的风电场动态建模[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1439-1445.XIA Yue, LI Zheng, CAI Xu, et al. Dynamic modeling of wind farm composed of direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generators[J]. Power System Technology, 2014,38(6):1439-1445.
[21]仇国兵,刘文霞,张建华.考虑复杂尾流效应和连接电缆故障的风电场可靠性建模[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(18):33-39.QIU Guobing, LIU Wenxia, ZHANG Jianhua. Reliability modeling of wind farms considering complex wake effects and conecting cable failures[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(18):33-39.
[22] SPAHIC E, BALZER G. Power fluctuation from a large wind farm[C]//International Conference on Future Power Systems. Tampa, Florida:[s.n.],2005:2-25.
[2]曹张洁,向荣,谭谨,等.大规模并网型风电场等值建模研究现状[J].电网与清洁能源,2011,27(2):56-60.CAO Zhangjie, XIANG Rong, TAN Jin, et al. Review of current research on equivalent modeling of large-scale grid connected wind farm[J]. Power System and Clean Energy,2011,27(2):56-60.
[3]李明东.风场实现低电压穿越技术改造方案[J].中国电力,2011,44(6):48-51.LI Mingdong. Reform plan of wind farm low voltage ridethrough technology[J]. Electric Power, 2011,44(6):48-51.
[4]吴佳佳,卫志农,韩连山.采用智能控制的DFIG风力发电系统[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2009,21(6):40-44.WU Jiajia, WEI Zhinong, HAN Lianshan. DFIG wind generation system with intelligent control[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2009,21(6):40-44.
[5]孙辉,徐箭,孙元章,等.考虑风速时空分布及风机运行状态的风电场功率计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(2):30-38.SUN Hui,XU Jian,SUN Yuanzhang,et al. Secondary voltage control considering rapid dynamic reactive power compensation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015,39(2):30-38.
[6] MORREN J. Short-circuit current of wind turbines with doubly fed induction generator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Convers, 2007, 22(1):174-180.
[7]张硕.计及风电场容量可信度的电力系统可靠性研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2010.ZHANG Shuo. Reliability studies of power systems concerning capacity credit of wind farms[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2010.
[8]许海青.李华强,潘一飞,等.尾流效应和风特性对双馈风机LVRT的影响[J].电气传动,2014,44(4):66-71.XUN Haiqing, LI Huaqiang, PAN Yifei, et al. Impacts of wake effect and wind characteristics on LVRT of DFIG[J].Electric Drive,2014,44(4):66-71.
[9] SHAMSHAD A,BAWADI M A, WAN HUSSIN W M,et al.First and second order Markov chain models for synthetic generation of wind speed time series[J]. Wind Energy,2005,30(5):693-708.
[10] KANELLOS F D, KABOURIS J. Wind farm modeling for short-circuit level calculations in large power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2009,24(3):1687-1695.
[11]曹娜,于群.风速波动情况下并网风电场内风电机组分组方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(2):42-46.CAO Na,YU Qun. Wind speed fluctuations case grid wind turbines in wind farms grouping method[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(2):42-46.
[12]佘慎思,李征,蔡旭.基于风电场动态时空关系的风速分布模型研究[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1432-1438.SHE Shensi, LI Zheng, CAI Xu. Research on wind speed distribution model of wind farm based on its dynamic spacetime relation[J]. Power System Technology, 2014, 38(6):1432-1438.
[13]孙俊博,解大,杨敏霞,等.计及尾流效应的风电场机网相互作用分析[J].电力科学与技术学报,2014,29(3):73-79.SUN Junbo, XIE Da, YANG Minxia, et al. Interaction analysis of wind farm and grid taking account of wake effects[J].Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology,2014,29(3):73-79.
[14] HIRATA Y, MANDIC D P, SUZUKI H. Wind direction modelling using multiple observation points[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2008,366(1865):591-607.
[15]王增平,张乐丰.考虑弃风的DFIG风电场动态等值模型[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(13):1-6.WANG Zengping, ZHANG Lefeng. Dynamic equivalent model of wind farm with DFIG considering wind power curtailment[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(13):1-6.
[16]李辉,王荷生,赵斌,等.风电场不同等值模型的仿真研究[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(7):1005-1013.LI Hui, WANG Hesheng, ZHAO Bin, et al. Simulationg analysis of a wind farm with different aggregated models[J].Act Energiae Solaris Sinica,2011,32(7):1005-1013.
[17] FERNANDEZ L M, GARCIA C A, SAENZ J R, et al.Equivalent models of wind farms by using aggregated wind turbines and equivalent winds[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2009,50(3):691-704.
[18]徐玉琴,张林浩,王娜.计及尾流效应的双馈机组风电场等值建模研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(1):70-76.XU Yuqin,ZHANG Linhao, WANG Na. Study on equivalent model of wind farm with DFIG considering wake effects[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(1):70-76.
[19]余洋,米增强,刘兴杰,等.基于运行数据的大型风电场建模方法研究[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(10):1543-1548.YU Yang, MI Zengqiang, LIU Xingjie, et al. Modeling method of large-scale wind farm based on poerating data[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinca,2011,32(10):1543-1548.
[20]夏玥,李征,蔡旭,等.基于直驱式永磁同步发电机组的风电场动态建模[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1439-1445.XIA Yue, LI Zheng, CAI Xu, et al. Dynamic modeling of wind farm composed of direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generators[J]. Power System Technology, 2014,38(6):1439-1445.
[21]仇国兵,刘文霞,张建华.考虑复杂尾流效应和连接电缆故障的风电场可靠性建模[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(18):33-39.QIU Guobing, LIU Wenxia, ZHANG Jianhua. Reliability modeling of wind farms considering complex wake effects and conecting cable failures[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(18):33-39.
[22] SPAHIC E, BALZER G. Power fluctuation from a large wind farm[C]//International Conference on Future Power Systems. Tampa, Florida:[s.n.],2005:2-25.