基于随钻电阻率响应特征的深水钻井气侵早期监测方法
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摘要
为了将随钻电阻率测井值的响应特征应用于深水钻井气侵早期监测方法中,对随钻电阻率测井值气侵响应规律进行研究。在分析测井值的环境影响因素基础上,设计一套气侵模拟试验装置,研究随钻电阻率测井值在不同注气量下气体侵入井筒的响应特征。考虑如何排除地层岩性影响随钻电阻率测井值变化并结合钻井液录井资料的基础上,建立基于随钻电阻率测井的深水钻井气侵早期监测方法。试验结果表明:通过瞬时随钻电阻率测井值的脉动特征可进行井底环空流型识别,并拟合出了气体体积分数与无因次随钻电阻率测井值的关系式,拟合公式与试验数据的相对平均误差为5%,吻合程度较高;与常规泥浆池增量法相比,建立的方法可提前10 min监测到气侵发生,比隔水管气侵早期监测方法提前6 min监测到气侵发生。
When applying LWD resistivity for deepwater gas kick detection,it is not clear and difficult to identify the response characters of the LWD resistivity. In this research,a simulated wellbore was built in laboratory to study gas kicks during drilling,and to analyze the response characters of the LWD resistivity under different gas kick rates. A method of early gas kick detection was developed based on the LWD resistivity and drilling fluid log data with considerations of eliminating effects of rock formation. Based on the experimental results,a model correlating the dimensionless resistivity and kicked gas volume was formulated,and the impulse character of instantaneous LWD resistivity was used to identify the flow pattern of multiphase flow in wellbore. The results show that the average error between the experimental data and that predicted by the model is less than 5%. With application of this method for the detection of typical gas kicks in deepwater well,it is 10 minutes earlier than the conventional method of mud pit gain,and 6 minutes earlier than the method of early gas kick detection via bottom riser. The method of the LWD resistivity can detect a gas kick occurring in the wellbore earlier than the conventional overflow detection technique,which can provide useful data for the as kick control.
When applying LWD resistivity for deepwater gas kick detection,it is not clear and difficult to identify the response characters of the LWD resistivity. In this research,a simulated wellbore was built in laboratory to study gas kicks during drilling,and to analyze the response characters of the LWD resistivity under different gas kick rates. A method of early gas kick detection was developed based on the LWD resistivity and drilling fluid log data with considerations of eliminating effects of rock formation. Based on the experimental results,a model correlating the dimensionless resistivity and kicked gas volume was formulated,and the impulse character of instantaneous LWD resistivity was used to identify the flow pattern of multiphase flow in wellbore. The results show that the average error between the experimental data and that predicted by the model is less than 5%. With application of this method for the detection of typical gas kicks in deepwater well,it is 10 minutes earlier than the conventional method of mud pit gain,and 6 minutes earlier than the method of early gas kick detection via bottom riser. The method of the LWD resistivity can detect a gas kick occurring in the wellbore earlier than the conventional overflow detection technique,which can provide useful data for the as kick control.
引文
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[16]汪庐山,贾庆升,孙宝江.竖直气液两相管流中空隙率波及其不稳定性分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(2):79-83.WANG Lushan,JIA Qingsheng,SUN Baojiang.Void fraction wave and its instability in vertical gas-liquid two phase pipe flow[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2001,25(2):79-83.
[17]王志远,孙宝江.深水司钻压井法安全压力余量及循环流量计算[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(3):71-75.WANG Zhiyuan,SUN Baojiang.Calculation of safety pressure margins and circulation rate of well killing by deep water drillers methods[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2008,32(3):71-75.
[18]高永海,孙宝江,赵欣欣,等.深水钻井井涌动态模拟[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(6):66-70.GAO Yonghai,SUN Baojiang,ZHAO Xinxin,et al.Dynamic simulation of kicks in deepwater drilling[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(6):66-70.
[19]董星亮,曹式敬,唐海雄,等.海洋钻井手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
[2]陈平,马天寿.深水钻井溢流早期监测技术研究现状[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):602-612.CHEN Ping,MA Tianshou.Research status of early monitoring technology for deepwater drilling overflow[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):602-612.
[3]隋秀香,许寒冰,李相方,等.声波随钻气侵检测实验研究与应用评价[J].天然气工业,2007,27(9):37-39.SUI Xiuxiang,XU Hanbing,LI Xiangfang,et al.Research and application evaluation on sonic logging-whiledrilling gas invasion test experiment[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(9):37-39.
[4]LI Xiangfang,GUAN Congxiao,SUI Xiuxiang,et al.A new approach for early gas kick detection[R].SPE50890,1998.
[5]姜清兆,王英胜,毛敏,等.基于科里奥利质量流量计的早期井涌探测系统[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(4):158-160.JIANG Qingzhao,WANG Yingsheng,MAO Min,et al.Early kick detection(EKD)system based on coriolis mass flow meter[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2013,35(4):158-160.
[6]许玉强,管志川,张会增,等.深水钻井气侵程度实时定量描述方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):292-296.XU Yuqiang,GUAN Zhichuan,ZHANG Huizeng,et al.The quantitative description of gas-cut degree in deepwater drilling[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):292-296.
[7]卓鲁斌,葛云华,汪海阁.深水钻井早期井涌检测方法及其未来趋势[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(1):22-25.ZHUO Lubin,GE Yunhua,WANG Haige.Early kick detection methods for deepwater drilling and its future development[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2009,31(1):22-25.
[8]雍世和,张超谟.测井数据处理与综合解释[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1996.
[9]夏宏泉,刘之的,朱猛,等.随钻电阻率测井的环境影响校正主次因素分析[J].测井技术,2008,32(2):159-163.XIA Hongquan,LIU Zhidi,ZHU Meng,et al.Analysis of the primary and secondary environmental effects correction on LWD resistivity log[J].Well Logging Technology,2008,32(2):159-163.
[10]杨锦舟.基于随钻自然伽马、电阻率的地质导向系统及应用[J].测井技术,2005,29(4):285-288.YANG Jinzhou.Application of geosteering system based on GR and resistivity LWD[J].Well Logging Technology,2005,29(4):285-288.
[11]赵欣欣,孙宝江,于世娜,等.基于空隙率波特性的垂直气液两相流流型判别研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(2):65-69.ZHAO Xinxin,SUN Baojiang,YU Shina,et al.Study of flow pattern discrimination in vertical gas-liquid twophaseflow based on the characteristics of void fraction waves[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2005,29(2):65-69.
[12]徐广田,赵秀英.利用深侧向与深感应电阻率差值识别油水层[J].国外测井技术,2006,30(3):13-15.XU Guangtian,ZHAO Xiuying.Using difference of resistivity dual laterolog data with dual induction logging data to detect oil and water zone[J].World Well Logging Technology,2006,30(3):13-15.
[13]王金波,孙宝江,殷志明,等.随钻电阻率测井值在气侵条件下响应特征的实验研究:第十三届全国水动力学学术会议论文集[C].北京:海洋出版社,2014.
[14]HASSAN A R,KABIR C S.A study of multiphase flow behavior in vertical wells[J].SPE Production Engineering,1988,3(3):263-266.
[15]陈家琅,陈涛平.石油气液两相管流[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.
[16]汪庐山,贾庆升,孙宝江.竖直气液两相管流中空隙率波及其不稳定性分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(2):79-83.WANG Lushan,JIA Qingsheng,SUN Baojiang.Void fraction wave and its instability in vertical gas-liquid two phase pipe flow[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2001,25(2):79-83.
[17]王志远,孙宝江.深水司钻压井法安全压力余量及循环流量计算[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(3):71-75.WANG Zhiyuan,SUN Baojiang.Calculation of safety pressure margins and circulation rate of well killing by deep water drillers methods[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2008,32(3):71-75.
[18]高永海,孙宝江,赵欣欣,等.深水钻井井涌动态模拟[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(6):66-70.GAO Yonghai,SUN Baojiang,ZHAO Xinxin,et al.Dynamic simulation of kicks in deepwater drilling[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(6):66-70.
[19]董星亮,曹式敬,唐海雄,等.海洋钻井手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.