摘要
以不同碳链的N-二甲基烷基胺(N-二甲基癸基胺、N-二甲基十二烷基胺、N-二甲基十四烷基胺)和氯丙烯为主要原料,合成了3种烯丙基二甲基烷基氯化铵季铵盐(产物分别记为C_(10),C_(12),C_(14)),合成条件为乙醇用量50 mL、n(N-二甲基烷基胺)∶n(氯丙烯)=1.0∶3.0、反应温度50℃、反应时间22~25 h,所得C_(10),C_(12),C_(14)的收率分别为86.6%,88.1%,87.0%。通过IR和~1H NMR方法对产物进行了结构表征,测定了季铵盐的热稳定性、表面活性、泡沫性能和絮凝性能。实验结果表明,C_(10),C_(12),C_(14)的主要分解温度为170~300℃,对应失重率分别为88.5%,89.1%,90.6%;临界胶束浓度和临界胶束浓度下的表面张力分别为13.5,6.6,2.0 mmol/L和36.1,34.7,33.7 mN/m;季铵盐的低温水溶性好,随着烷基链长度的增加,发泡力及对高岭土的絮凝能力依次增强。
Three allyldimethylalkyl ammonium chlorides(allyldimethyldecyl ammonium chloride,allyldimethyldodecyl ammonium chloride,allyldimethyltetradecyl ammonium chloride,labeled C_(10),C_(12),C_(14))were synthesized by using N-dimethylalkylamine of straight chain and allylchloride as the main raw materials.The synthesis conditions were ethanol 50 mL,n(N-dimethylalkylamine)∶n(allylchloride)1.0∶3.0,reaction temperature 50℃,and reaction time 22-25 h.The product yields achieved 86.6%,88.1%,87.0%,respectively.The chemical structure of the products was confirmed by IR and ~1H NMR.The thermal stability,surface activity,foaming properties and flocculating properties of the quaternary ammonium salts C_(10),C_(12) and C_(14) were determined.The results showed that C_(10),C_(12)and C_(14) decomposed at a temperature in a range of 170-300℃,and their mass loss rates were 88.5%,89.1%and 90.6%,respectively.Their critical micelle concentration(cmc)and the surface tension at the cmc of C_(10),C_(12) and C_(14) were 13.5,6.6 and 2.0 mmol/L,and 36.1,34.7 and 33.7 mN/m,respectively.The water solubility of C_(10),C_(12) and C_(14) was good at a low temperature.With the increase of the alkyl chain length,their foaming abilities and flocculating abilities to kaolin increased sequentially.
引文
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