不同品种玉米农艺性状及青贮发酵品质的比较及相关性研究
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摘要
为选出适宜山西省北部地区种植的青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)品种,对16个玉米品种的农艺性状及其全株收割后调制成的青贮饲料的青贮品质进行了比较和相关性分析。结果表明,在农艺性状方面,‘大京九26’的株高和穗位均最高,茎粗较细;绿叶数排在前三位的为‘屯玉168’、‘强盛青贮30’和‘京科青贮516’;在产量方面,‘大丰26’的鲜草产量最高;调制成青贮饲料后,除‘登海679’、‘太玉511’,其余品种的pH值均小于4.20,‘先玉1225’的淀粉含量最高;鲜草产量与茎粗、绿叶数、茎重、穗重和叶重成极显著正相关,青贮饲料的乳酸含量与绿叶数成显著正相关。综上,种植青贮玉米时,可选择茎秆粗壮,绿叶数多、穗位低的品种;粮饲兼用品种‘晋单65’、‘屯玉168’,青贮专用品种‘京科青贮516’、‘强盛青贮30’的综合表现较好,可作为青贮玉米品种在山西省北部地区推广种植。
In order to select the silage corn(Zea mays L.)hybrids suitable for planting in the northern part of Shanxi Province,the agronomic characteristics of 16 hybrid corn and the fermentation quality of silage prepared after castration were measured.The results showed that in agronomic characteristics,DJJ 26 had the highest plant height and ear height,but its stem diameter was the thinner.The green-leaf number ranked in the top three is TY168,QS 30 and GK516.For yields,DF26 had the highest yield.For ensiling characteristics,except for DH679,TY511,all hybrids were below 4.20 for pH values.The significantly positive correlation was found between fresh grass yield and stem diameter,green-leaf number,stem weight,ear weight,leaf weight.The Lactic acid content of whole plant corn silage was positively correlated with green-leaf number.Therefore,the corn hybrids with thick stems,more green leaves and good panicle traits should be selected for silage use.The JD65 and TY168,GK516 and QS30 have good growth and fermentation performance,thereby,could be selected for silage corn in the northern part of Shanxi Province.
In order to select the silage corn(Zea mays L.)hybrids suitable for planting in the northern part of Shanxi Province,the agronomic characteristics of 16 hybrid corn and the fermentation quality of silage prepared after castration were measured.The results showed that in agronomic characteristics,DJJ 26 had the highest plant height and ear height,but its stem diameter was the thinner.The green-leaf number ranked in the top three is TY168,QS 30 and GK516.For yields,DF26 had the highest yield.For ensiling characteristics,except for DH679,TY511,all hybrids were below 4.20 for pH values.The significantly positive correlation was found between fresh grass yield and stem diameter,green-leaf number,stem weight,ear weight,leaf weight.The Lactic acid content of whole plant corn silage was positively correlated with green-leaf number.Therefore,the corn hybrids with thick stems,more green leaves and good panicle traits should be selected for silage use.The JD65 and TY168,GK516 and QS30 have good growth and fermentation performance,thereby,could be selected for silage corn in the northern part of Shanxi Province.
引文
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[22]马迪,梁慧慧,邵文强,等.不同乳酸菌添加剂对青贮黑麦草和青贮玉米发酵产物和有氧稳定性的影响[J].草地学报,2014,22(6):1365-1370
[23]张文芝,李平,纪树仁,等.果穗率对改善玉米青贮饲料发酵品质和营养价值的作用[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(6):84-89
[24]雷艳芳,王仪明,常伟,等.不同收割时间对青贮玉米生物量和品质的影响[J].上海农业学报,2016,32(4):45-49
[2]雷志刚,梁晓玲,阿布来提·阿布拉,等.不同类型青贮玉米品种产量分析[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(3):550-553
[3]贾婷婷,王木川,吴哲,等.3个因素对全株玉米青贮品质的影响及互作效应分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018(1):79-84
[4]潘金豹,张秋芝,郝玉兰,等.我国青贮玉米育种的策略与目标[J].玉米科学,2002,10(4):3-4
[5]华和春,郭丛阳,俞海,等.粮饲兼用玉米西星糯玉1号栽培技术及效益分析[J].草业科学,2009,26(3):118-121
[6]史跃辉,刘开信,王利存,等.云南省青贮玉米品种对比试验[J].养殖与饲料,2011(11):42-44
[7]王英楠.不同品种玉米产量及饲用价值的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2017
[8]许庆方,玉柱,韩建国,白春生,薛艳林,荀桂荣.高效液相色谱法测定紫花苜蓿青贮中的有机酸.草原与草坪,2007(2):63-65
[9]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:49-51,53-56,67-78
[10]汤绍虎,罗充.植物生理学实验教程[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2012:115-116
[11]王元东,段民孝,邢锦丰,等.青贮玉米育种研究进展[J].玉米科学,2002,10(2):17-21
[12]张劲柏,李仁昆,高飞,等.农业产业结构调整中的新锐--青贮玉米[J].农村科技,2003(5):51-52
[13]徐国良,代玉仙,刘向辉,等.不同类型青贮玉米品种的比较试验[J].吉林农业科学,2006,31(1):41-43
[14]张瑞霞,刘景辉,牛敏,等.不同收获期青贮玉米品种营养成分的积累与分配[J].玉米科学,2006,14(6):108-112
[15]朱慧森,邹新平,玉柱,等.青贮玉米生产性能对收获期的响应及收获指数的探讨[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(8):1375-1382
[16]吴忠海,杨曌,李红.20个青贮玉米品种农艺性状与产量分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(19):96-98
[17]王得贤.用单叶鲜重速测青贮玉米地上生物量[J].草业科学,1997(2):68-70
[18]刘冠明,王晓明,吴壮丽.基于主成分分析的青贮玉米品种生产性能的综合评价[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2006,41(3):35-39
[19]李波,陈喜昌,高云,等.青贮玉米生物产量与植株主要农艺性状相关的研究[J].玉米科学,2005,13(2):000076-78
[20]冯国郡,阿不来提·阿不拉,梁晓玲,等.分蘖多穗型青贮玉米密度对生物产量的影响及主要性状的相关分析[J].新疆农业科学,2003,40(6):344-346
[21]王静.玉米秸整秆打捆青贮工艺及品质的试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010
[22]马迪,梁慧慧,邵文强,等.不同乳酸菌添加剂对青贮黑麦草和青贮玉米发酵产物和有氧稳定性的影响[J].草地学报,2014,22(6):1365-1370
[23]张文芝,李平,纪树仁,等.果穗率对改善玉米青贮饲料发酵品质和营养价值的作用[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(6):84-89
[24]雷艳芳,王仪明,常伟,等.不同收割时间对青贮玉米生物量和品质的影响[J].上海农业学报,2016,32(4):45-49