经济转型视角下长三角城市土地利用效率影响机制
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摘要
经济转型背景下,研究全球化、市场化和分权化等因素对城市土地利用效率的影响机制具有重要的理论价值。基于2000-2015年长三角地区各地区面板数据,构建城市土地利用效率测度指标体系,运用超效率DEA模型测算研究区域城市土地利用效率,利用空间计量模型对城市土地利用效率的影响机制进行实证研究,结果表明:(1)从时间演变特征来看,长三角地区的城市土地利用效率呈现出两阶段波动上升的趋势。(2)从空间分异特征来看,长三角地区城市土地利用效率呈现较为明显的区域差异,城市土地利用效率的高值区沿"沪宁—沪杭—杭甬"交通线分布,且这一空间特征较为稳定。(3)从第一阶段到第二阶段,全球化因素对长三角地区城市土地利用效率的推动作用不断增强;经济市场化因素的总效应呈现减弱趋势;财政分权在第一阶段对本地区的城市土地利用效率有显著的积极作用,对临近地区的城市土地利用效率有显著的消极作用,但到了第二阶段,这两种作用均变为不显著;土地财政在第一阶段对土地利用效率提升具有重要作用,但第二阶段随着土地的资本化加强,反而不利于土地利用效率的提升。(4)控制变量中,产业结构高级化水平对提高城市土地利用效率具有显著的推动作用;人口密度因素对城市土地利用效率的直接影响也愈发显著。
From the perspective of economic transition, the paper analyzes the impact mechanisms of globalization, marketization, decentralization, and other factors on urban land use efficiency, and builds a measurement index system for urban land use efficiency based on the panel data in the Yangtze River Delta Region from 2000 to 2015. Based on this, the superefficiency DEA model is used to measure urban land use efficiency in each sub-region of the Yangtze River Delta. Then the spatial econometric model is used to demonstrate the impact of globalization, marketization, and decentralization on urban land use efficiency. The results show that:(1) From the perspective of the characteristics of temporal evolution, the urban land use efficiency in the study region presents a two-stage volatility and upward trend. The urban land use efficiency in 2000-2008 shows a relatively obvious upward trend, while in 2009-2015 it shows a tendency of decline followed by a slow rise.(2) There are regional differences of the urban land use efficiency in the delta. The areas with high-value urban land use efficiency are distributed along the "Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou-Ningbo" traffic line, and this spatial feature is relatively stable.(3) From the first phase(2000-2008) to the second phase(2009-2015), the globalization factor has played an increasingly important role in promoting urban land use efficiency in this region; the overall effect of economic marketization factors has been weakened; fiscal decentralization has a significant positive effect on urban land use efficiency in the first phase, while it has a significant negative effect on the efficiency of urban land use in adjacent areas; in the second stage, both effects become insignificant; the process of land finance on urban land use efficiency is somewhat complicated. Specifically, land finance plays an important role in the improvement of land use efficiency in the first stage, but in the second stage, as the capitalization of land is strengthened, land finance is not conducive to the improvement of land use efficiency.(4) Among the control variables, the advanced level of industrial structure has played a significant role in promoting the efficiency of urban land use;the direct impact of population density on urban land use efficiency is also increasingly significant.
From the perspective of economic transition, the paper analyzes the impact mechanisms of globalization, marketization, decentralization, and other factors on urban land use efficiency, and builds a measurement index system for urban land use efficiency based on the panel data in the Yangtze River Delta Region from 2000 to 2015. Based on this, the superefficiency DEA model is used to measure urban land use efficiency in each sub-region of the Yangtze River Delta. Then the spatial econometric model is used to demonstrate the impact of globalization, marketization, and decentralization on urban land use efficiency. The results show that:(1) From the perspective of the characteristics of temporal evolution, the urban land use efficiency in the study region presents a two-stage volatility and upward trend. The urban land use efficiency in 2000-2008 shows a relatively obvious upward trend, while in 2009-2015 it shows a tendency of decline followed by a slow rise.(2) There are regional differences of the urban land use efficiency in the delta. The areas with high-value urban land use efficiency are distributed along the "Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou-Ningbo" traffic line, and this spatial feature is relatively stable.(3) From the first phase(2000-2008) to the second phase(2009-2015), the globalization factor has played an increasingly important role in promoting urban land use efficiency in this region; the overall effect of economic marketization factors has been weakened; fiscal decentralization has a significant positive effect on urban land use efficiency in the first phase, while it has a significant negative effect on the efficiency of urban land use in adjacent areas; in the second stage, both effects become insignificant; the process of land finance on urban land use efficiency is somewhat complicated. Specifically, land finance plays an important role in the improvement of land use efficiency in the first stage, but in the second stage, as the capitalization of land is strengthened, land finance is not conducive to the improvement of land use efficiency.(4) Among the control variables, the advanced level of industrial structure has played a significant role in promoting the efficiency of urban land use;the direct impact of population density on urban land use efficiency is also increasingly significant.
引文
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① 长三角16个地区的分年份数据详情可与作者联系，因篇幅原因，此处未予详细列出。
[2]王良健,李辉,石川.中国城市土地利用效率及其溢出效应与影响因素.地理学报, 2015, 70(11):1788-1799.[WANG L J, LI H, SHI C. Urban land-use efficiency, spatial spillover, and determinants in China. Acta Geographica Sinica,2015, 70(11):1788-1799.]
[3]刘传明,李红,贺巧宁.湖南省土地利用效率空间差异及优化对策.经济地理, 2010, 30(11):1890-1896.[LIU C M, LI H, HE Q N. The spatial difference and optimizing countermeasures of land use efficiency in Hunan province. Economic Geography, 2010, 30(11):1890-1896.]
[4]黎一畅,周寅康,吴林,等.城市土地集约利用的空间差异研究:以江苏省为例.南京大学学报:自然科学版, 2006, 42(3):309-315.[LI Y C, ZHOU Y K, WU L, et al. Spatial difference of urban land intensive use:A case study of Jiangsu province. Journal of Nanjing University:Natural Science, 2006, 42(3):309-315.]
[5]李郇,徐现祥,陈浩辉. 20世纪90年代中国城市效率的时空变化.地理学报, 2005, 60(4):615-625.[LI X, XU X X,CHEN H H. Temporal and spatial changes of urban efficiency in the 1990s. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(4):615-625.]
[6]杨清可,段学军,叶磊,等.基于BM-Undesirable模型的城市土地利用效率评价:以长三角地区16城市为例.资源科学, 2014, 36(4):712-721.[YANG Q K, DUAN X J, YE L, et al. Efficiency evaluation of city land utilization in the Yangtze River Delta using a SBM-Undesirable model. Resources Science, 2014, 36(4):712-721.]
[7]李永乐,舒帮荣,吴群.中国城市土地利用效率:时空特征、地区差距与影响因素.经济地理, 2014, 34(1):133-139.[LI Y L, SHU B R, WU Q. Urban land use efficiency in China:Spatial and temporal characteristics, regional difference and influence factors. Economic Geography, 2014, 34(1):133-139.]
[8]吴得文,毛汉英,张小雷,等.中国城市土地利用效率评价.地理学报, 2011, 66(8):1111-1121.[WU D W, MAO H Y,ZHANG X L, et al. Assessment of urban land use efficiency in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(8):1111-1121.]
[9]林坚,马珣.中国城市群土地利用效率测度.城市问题, 2014,(5):9-14, 60.[LIN J, MA X. Measurement of land use efficiency in Chinese urban agglomerations. Urban Problems, 2014,(5):9-14, 60.]
[10]杨海泉,胡毅,王秋香. 2001-2012年中国三大城市群土地利用效率评价研究.地理科学, 2015, 35(9):1095-1100.[YANG H Q, HU Y, WANG Q X. Evaluation of land use efficiency in three major urban agglomerations of China in2001-2012. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015, 35(9):1095-1100.]
[11]林丽群,李娜,李国煜,等.基于主体功能区的福建省城镇建设用地利用效率研究.自然资源学报, 2018, 33(6):1018-1028.[LI L Q, LI N, LI G Y, et al. Urban construction land-use efficiency evaluation based on the plan for major function-oriented zones in Fujian province. Journal of Natural Resources, 2018, 33(6):1018-1028.]
[12]庄红卫,李红.湖南省不同区域开发区工业用地利用效率评价研究.经济地理, 2011, 31(12):2100-2104.[ZHUANG H W, LI H. The evaluation research of industrial land use efficiency of different regions development zone in Hunan.Economic Geography, 2011, 31(12):2100-2104.]
[13]张立生.县域城镇化时空演变及其影响因素:以浙江省为例.地理研究, 2016, 35(6):1151-1163.[ZAHNG L S. Spatial-temporal evolution of country urbanization and its influencing factors in Zhejiang province. Geographical Research,2016, 35(6):1151-1163.]
[14]李佳佳,罗能生.城镇化进程对城市土地利用效率影响的双门槛效应分析.经济地理, 2015, 35(7):156-162.[LI J J,LUO N S. The double threshold effects of the urbanization process on urban land use efficiency. Economic Geography,2015, 35(7):156-162.]
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① 长三角16个地区的分年份数据详情可与作者联系，因篇幅原因，此处未予详细列出。