生境破碎化对苦豆子种子害虫种群数量及危害率的影响
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摘要
苦豆子是一种典型的防风固沙先锋植物,其生长分布呈典型的斑块化格局。于2017年6月至9月在宁夏灵武市宁东镇刘家寨地区选取了LJZ2017A(01—08斑块)和LJZ2017B(01—06斑块)两个样地共14个苦豆子植物斑块,调查了各斑块内苦豆子种子害虫(豆荚螟)的种群数量及其危害率。结果表明:在LJZ2017A样地斑块面积平均为1457.79m~2,种子害虫数量平均为0.69只每荚,密度为0.65只·m~(-2);在LJZ2017B样地斑块面积平均为949.87m~2,种子害虫数量平均1.46只每荚,密度为1.30只·m~(-2)。种子害虫对豆粒的危害率在LJZ2017B样地为49.91%,明显高于LJZ2017A样地的24.50%。种子害虫密度与斑块面积的逐步回归分析显示随着斑块面积的增大而呈显著下降趋势(F=16.58,P=0.0015, R=0.7617),对豆粒的危害率随着生境破碎化程度增加呈增加趋势(F=7.45, P=0.0183, R=0.6189)。
Sophora alopecuroides mainly distributes in the desert regions of Northwest China as a highly adversity-resistant perennial officinal plant. It is a windbreak and fixation sand pioneer plant. A total of 14 patches of Sophora alopecuroides from LJZ2017 A(01-08 patches) and LJZ2017 B(01-06 patches) were selected. Etiella zinckenella was seed pest of Sophora alopecuroides. The damage rate,density and individual of Etiella zinckenella were investigated from June to September 2017 in Liujiazhai region of Ningdong Town,Lingwu City, Ningxia. The results showed that in LJZ2017 A plot, the average area of patches was 1457.79 m~2, the average number of seed pests per pod was 0.69, and the average density was 0.65 individual per square meter. In LJZ2017 B plot, the average area of patches was949.87 m~2, the average number of seed pests per pod was 1.46, and the average density was 1.30 individual per square meter. The seed damage rate was 49.91% in LJZ2017 B plot, which was significantly higher than 24.50% in LJZ2017 A plot. The stepwise regression analysis of seed pest density and patch area showed that the density of seed pests decreased significantly with increasing patch area(F =16.58, P = 0.0015, R = 0.7617), and the seed damage rate increased with increasing degree of habitat fragmentation(F = 7.45, P = 0.0183,R = 0.6189).
Sophora alopecuroides mainly distributes in the desert regions of Northwest China as a highly adversity-resistant perennial officinal plant. It is a windbreak and fixation sand pioneer plant. A total of 14 patches of Sophora alopecuroides from LJZ2017 A(01-08 patches) and LJZ2017 B(01-06 patches) were selected. Etiella zinckenella was seed pest of Sophora alopecuroides. The damage rate,density and individual of Etiella zinckenella were investigated from June to September 2017 in Liujiazhai region of Ningdong Town,Lingwu City, Ningxia. The results showed that in LJZ2017 A plot, the average area of patches was 1457.79 m~2, the average number of seed pests per pod was 0.69, and the average density was 0.65 individual per square meter. In LJZ2017 B plot, the average area of patches was949.87 m~2, the average number of seed pests per pod was 1.46, and the average density was 1.30 individual per square meter. The seed damage rate was 49.91% in LJZ2017 B plot, which was significantly higher than 24.50% in LJZ2017 A plot. The stepwise regression analysis of seed pest density and patch area showed that the density of seed pests decreased significantly with increasing patch area(F =16.58, P = 0.0015, R = 0.7617), and the seed damage rate increased with increasing degree of habitat fragmentation(F = 7.45, P = 0.0183,R = 0.6189).
引文
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[3]武晶,刘志民.生境破碎化对生物多样性的影响研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1-7.
[4]杨芳,贺达汉.生境破碎化对生物多样性的影响[J].生态科学,2006,25(6):564-567.
[5]尹长安.干旱荒漠半荒漠地区苦豆子的资源状况及开发利用[J].干旱区资源与环境,1995,9(2):48-54.
[6]史伟,陈志国.苦豆子的开发与利用[J].草业与畜牧,2007,134(1):57-59.
[7]郭晶静,张大治,杨婷婷,等.荒漠风沙区苦豆子种子害虫的空间分布型[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(10):111-113.
[8]余新晓,牛健植,关文彬,等.景观生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:280-317.
[9]刘惠清,许嘉巍.景观生态学[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2008:270-292.
[10]邬建国.景观生态学--格局、过程、尺度与等级(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:1-230.
[11]王宪礼,布仁仓,胡远满,等.辽河三角洲湿地的景观破碎化分析[J].应用生态学报,1996,7(3):299-304.
[12]TANG Qiyi,ZHANG Chuanxi.Data Processing System(DPS)software with experimental design,statistical analysis and data mining developed for use in entomological research[J].Insect Science,2013,20(2):254-260.
[13]ANDREN H.Habitat fragmentation,the random sample hypothesis and critical thresholds[J].Oikos,1999,84:306-308.
[14]SUMMERVILLE KS,CRIST TO.Contrasting effects of habitat quantity and quality on moth communities in fragmented landscapes[J].Ecography,2004,27:3-12.
[15]武晶,余新春,刘志民,等.科尔沁沙地“生境岛屿”面积对植物物种多样性及其分布格局的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(1):43-53.
[16]董红娟,吴新卫,洪娇,等.空间结构对捕食关系影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(2):712-720.