刺五加提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响
|
摘要
文章旨在研究刺五加提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响,并探讨其替代抗生素的效果。试验选取150头健康、体重相近的21日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复单独一栏饲养,每栏10头仔猪。3个处理组分别为:只饲喂基础日粮的对照组,在基础日粮中添加20 mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素的抗生素组,以及在基础日粮中添加0.1%刺五加提取物的刺五加组。试验开始前预饲3 d,正式试验28 d。结果表明:与饲喂基础日粮相比,日粮添加抗生素和刺五加提取物显著提高了断奶仔猪的平均日增重(P <0.05),降低了料重比和腹泻率(P <0.05),且日粮添加刺五加提取物的效果优于添加硫酸粘杆菌素;与对照组相比,抗生素组和刺五加组均显著提高了断奶仔猪血清中IgG和IgM水平(P <0.05),且日粮添加抗生素有提高血清中IgA水平的趋势,但差异不显著(P> 0.05);此外,抗生素和刺五加提取物的添加还显著降低了断奶仔猪盲肠中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量(P <0.05),添加抗生素显著降低了盲肠中双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量(P <0.05),添加刺五加提取物反而显著提高了盲肠中双歧杆菌的数量(P <0.05)。综上所述,刺五加提取物在提高断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和调节肠道菌群方面均具有一定的优势,是一类潜力较大的抗生素替代品。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract on growth performance,immune function and intestinal flora of weaned piglets,and to explore the effect of its substitution for antibiotics. 150 healthy 21-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets with similar body weight were randomly divided into three treatment groups. Each treatment group was set up with 5 replicates,each replicate in a single column,10 piglets in each column. The three treatment groups were as follows :the control group was fed with only the basic diet,the antibiotic group was fed with myxobacterin sulfate in the basic diet at dose of 20 mg/kg and the Acanthopanax senticosus group was fed with 0.1% Acanthopanax senticosus extract in the basic diet.The adaptation period was three days,and the formal experiment lasted for twenty-eight days. The results showed that antibiotics and extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus significantly increased average daily gain(P <0.05),decreased feed-to-weight ratio and diarrhea rate(P <0.05),and the effect of extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus was better than that of colistin sulfate. Compared with the control group,the levels of IgG and IgM in serum of weaned piglets were significantly increased in antibiotic group and Acanthopanax senticosus group(P <0.05),and the trend of increasing the level of IgA in serum with antibiotics in diet was not significant(P >0.05). In addition,the addition of antibiotics and Acanthopanax senticosus extracts also significantly reduced the number of E. coli and Salmonella in the cecum of weaned piglets(P <0.05),antibiotics significantly reduced the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in the cecum(P <0.05),and Acanthopanax senticosus extracts significantly increased the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in the cecum(P <0.05). To sum up,Acanthopanax senticosus extract has certain advantages in improving growth performance,immune function and regulating intestinal flora of weaned piglets,and is a potential antibiotic substitute.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract on growth performance,immune function and intestinal flora of weaned piglets,and to explore the effect of its substitution for antibiotics. 150 healthy 21-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets with similar body weight were randomly divided into three treatment groups. Each treatment group was set up with 5 replicates,each replicate in a single column,10 piglets in each column. The three treatment groups were as follows :the control group was fed with only the basic diet,the antibiotic group was fed with myxobacterin sulfate in the basic diet at dose of 20 mg/kg and the Acanthopanax senticosus group was fed with 0.1% Acanthopanax senticosus extract in the basic diet.The adaptation period was three days,and the formal experiment lasted for twenty-eight days. The results showed that antibiotics and extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus significantly increased average daily gain(P <0.05),decreased feed-to-weight ratio and diarrhea rate(P <0.05),and the effect of extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus was better than that of colistin sulfate. Compared with the control group,the levels of IgG and IgM in serum of weaned piglets were significantly increased in antibiotic group and Acanthopanax senticosus group(P <0.05),and the trend of increasing the level of IgA in serum with antibiotics in diet was not significant(P >0.05). In addition,the addition of antibiotics and Acanthopanax senticosus extracts also significantly reduced the number of E. coli and Salmonella in the cecum of weaned piglets(P <0.05),antibiotics significantly reduced the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in the cecum(P <0.05),and Acanthopanax senticosus extracts significantly increased the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in the cecum(P <0.05). To sum up,Acanthopanax senticosus extract has certain advantages in improving growth performance,immune function and regulating intestinal flora of weaned piglets,and is a potential antibiotic substitute.
引文
[1]蔡少芳,江海燕,欧艳萍.山楂不同炮制品有机酸含量测定[J].中成药,2000,22(12):841~842.
[2]陈强,梁军生.复方中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究,2014,3:42~44.
[3]陈晓红,李明华,章云祥.仔猪断奶应激综合症[J].四川畜牧兽医,2007,34(8):55~56.
[4]程锦泉,刘少础.超级细菌的警示与滥用抗生素潜在公共卫生问题[J].中国公共卫生,2010,26(12):1521~1522.
[5]董玉瑛,张阳,郭幸丽,等.畜牧业中抗生素的环境归趋·危害与防治[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(6):2512~2513.
[6]韩杰,边连全,刘显军,等.刺五加多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(11):2203~2209.
[7]韩艳梅,史小琴.中药刺五加的研究进展[J].医学研究与教育,2008,25(3):72~75.
[8]贺琴,王自蕊,游金明,等.酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪肠道挥发性脂肪酸和微生物菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):177~183.
[9]孔祥峰,刘合军,尹富贵,等.刺五加提取物对断奶仔猪血常规和抗氧化功能的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2009,21(3):404~408.
[10]刘合军,孔祥峰,尹富贵,等.刺五加提取物对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化参数的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2006,18(6):993~998.
[11]马青山,李艳,张金凤.抗生素在畜牧业中的负面效应及对策[J].饲料研究,2012,4:39~40.
[12]孙鸣,孙冬岩,温俊.合生素与抗生素配伍对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2008,9:69~70.
[13]谭兵兵,姬玉娇,丁浩,等.低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和血浆生化参数的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(8):2556~2563.
[14]王金旭,李平.刺五加的活性成分、药理作用及在仔猪生产中的应用[J].猪业科学,2014,4:68~70.
[15]王曙,贾运涛.复方制剂水煎液中总黄酮含量测定方法[J].华西药学杂志,1996,2:95~96.
[16]王恬.仔猪断奶应激及营养调控措施的应用[J].畜牧与兽医,2009,41(5):1~4.
[17]吴信,燕富永,孔祥峰,等.刺五加提取物对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2010,22(2):297~301.
[18]闫峰,刘为为,孙丹丹,等.中草药刺五加及其在畜牧生产中的应用[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2012,11:200~201.
[19]燕富永,印遇龙,孔祥峰,等.刺五加提取物抗仔猪断奶应激的效用[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(21):4490~4496.
[20]杨春花,刘刚,张崇禧,等.刺五加的研究进展[J].人参研究,2004,16(1):95~96.
[21]于静泉.仔猪断奶应激综合征的防治[J].黑龙江动物繁殖,2017,6:40~42.
[22]张旭晖,王恬,冀凤杰,等.有机酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(3):507~514.
[23]赵萌,郁建生,郁建平,等.藤茶总黄酮对仔猪血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(5):1221~1225.
[24]中国兽药典委员会.中华人民共和国兽药典二部[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:296~297.
[25]周菁,王伯初,王阳.浮萍多糖总糖含量测定与评价[J].重庆大学学报,2005,28(10):111~114.
[2]陈强,梁军生.复方中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究,2014,3:42~44.
[3]陈晓红,李明华,章云祥.仔猪断奶应激综合症[J].四川畜牧兽医,2007,34(8):55~56.
[4]程锦泉,刘少础.超级细菌的警示与滥用抗生素潜在公共卫生问题[J].中国公共卫生,2010,26(12):1521~1522.
[5]董玉瑛,张阳,郭幸丽,等.畜牧业中抗生素的环境归趋·危害与防治[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(6):2512~2513.
[6]韩杰,边连全,刘显军,等.刺五加多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(11):2203~2209.
[7]韩艳梅,史小琴.中药刺五加的研究进展[J].医学研究与教育,2008,25(3):72~75.
[8]贺琴,王自蕊,游金明,等.酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪肠道挥发性脂肪酸和微生物菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):177~183.
[9]孔祥峰,刘合军,尹富贵,等.刺五加提取物对断奶仔猪血常规和抗氧化功能的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2009,21(3):404~408.
[10]刘合军,孔祥峰,尹富贵,等.刺五加提取物对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化参数的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2006,18(6):993~998.
[11]马青山,李艳,张金凤.抗生素在畜牧业中的负面效应及对策[J].饲料研究,2012,4:39~40.
[12]孙鸣,孙冬岩,温俊.合生素与抗生素配伍对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2008,9:69~70.
[13]谭兵兵,姬玉娇,丁浩,等.低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和血浆生化参数的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(8):2556~2563.
[14]王金旭,李平.刺五加的活性成分、药理作用及在仔猪生产中的应用[J].猪业科学,2014,4:68~70.
[15]王曙,贾运涛.复方制剂水煎液中总黄酮含量测定方法[J].华西药学杂志,1996,2:95~96.
[16]王恬.仔猪断奶应激及营养调控措施的应用[J].畜牧与兽医,2009,41(5):1~4.
[17]吴信,燕富永,孔祥峰,等.刺五加提取物对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2010,22(2):297~301.
[18]闫峰,刘为为,孙丹丹,等.中草药刺五加及其在畜牧生产中的应用[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2012,11:200~201.
[19]燕富永,印遇龙,孔祥峰,等.刺五加提取物抗仔猪断奶应激的效用[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(21):4490~4496.
[20]杨春花,刘刚,张崇禧,等.刺五加的研究进展[J].人参研究,2004,16(1):95~96.
[21]于静泉.仔猪断奶应激综合征的防治[J].黑龙江动物繁殖,2017,6:40~42.
[22]张旭晖,王恬,冀凤杰,等.有机酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(3):507~514.
[23]赵萌,郁建生,郁建平,等.藤茶总黄酮对仔猪血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(5):1221~1225.
[24]中国兽药典委员会.中华人民共和国兽药典二部[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:296~297.
[25]周菁,王伯初,王阳.浮萍多糖总糖含量测定与评价[J].重庆大学学报,2005,28(10):111~114.