极软弱地层双层锚固平衡拱结构形成机制研究
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摘要
针对极软弱地层中巷道围岩变形大、支护困难等特点,基于锚杆、锚索支护理论与技术,提出在极软弱地层中采用双层锚固平衡拱结构解决巷道围岩稳定控制问题。在分析极软弱地层双层锚固平衡拱几何特征的基础上,采用弹塑性理论研究双层锚固拱结构的形成条件及结构承载力的影响因素,推导锚固平衡拱结构参数的计算公式;并基于理论分析和FLAC3D数值计算,分析不同断面形状(断面矢高)、支护参数及预应力对锚固效应的影响规律,提出形成合理的双层锚固平衡拱结构的控制参数。工程实践表明,采用"双层锚固平衡拱结构"可有效地控制极软弱地层中煤巷围岩的大变形与破坏问题,维持煤巷围岩与支护结构的稳定及使用安全。
In view of the difficult supporting and large deformation of surrounding rock in very soft strata, and based on the theory and technology of anchor rod and cable, arch structure balanced by double-layer anchor is proposed to control the stability of roadway surrounding rock in very weak strata.Based on the analysis of geometric features of arch supporting structure balanced by double anchor, the forming condition and bearing capacities are explored through elastic-plastic theory, and the formula for calculating the parameters of anchor-balanced arch is obtained. With theoretical analysis and FLAC3 D numerical calculation, the influence laws of different section shapes(section height), support parameters and prestress on anchor are analyzed. The control parameters of reasonable double-layer anchoring balanced arch structure are proposed. Engineering practice has shown that the application of double-anchoring balanced arch structure could effectively control the large deformation and destruction of roadway surrounding rock in the extremely weak strata and maintain the stability and safety of surrounding rock and support structure.
In view of the difficult supporting and large deformation of surrounding rock in very soft strata, and based on the theory and technology of anchor rod and cable, arch structure balanced by double-layer anchor is proposed to control the stability of roadway surrounding rock in very weak strata.Based on the analysis of geometric features of arch supporting structure balanced by double anchor, the forming condition and bearing capacities are explored through elastic-plastic theory, and the formula for calculating the parameters of anchor-balanced arch is obtained. With theoretical analysis and FLAC3 D numerical calculation, the influence laws of different section shapes(section height), support parameters and prestress on anchor are analyzed. The control parameters of reasonable double-layer anchoring balanced arch structure are proposed. Engineering practice has shown that the application of double-anchoring balanced arch structure could effectively control the large deformation and destruction of roadway surrounding rock in the extremely weak strata and maintain the stability and safety of surrounding rock and support structure.
引文
[1]贾海宾,苏丽君,秦哲.弱胶结地层巷道地应力数值反演[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,30(5):30-35.JIA Haibin,SU Lijun,QIN Zhe.Ground stress numerical inversion of roadways with weakly cemented strata[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2011,30(5):30-35.
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[6]康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道锚杆支护应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):649-664.KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua,LIN Jian.Case studies of rock bolting in coal mine roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):649-664.
[7]张农,高明仕.煤巷高强预应力锚杆支护技术与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):524-527.ZHANG Nong,GAO Mingshi.High strength and pretension bolting support of coal roadway and its application[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(5):524-527.
[8]王金华.全煤巷道锚杆锚索联合支护机理与效果分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(1):1-7.WANG Jinhua.Analysis on mechanism and effect of rock bolts and cables in gate road with coal seam as roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):1-7.
[9]何满潮,齐干,程骋,等.深部复合顶板煤巷变形破坏机制及耦合支护设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):987-993.HE Manchao,QI Gan,CHENG Cheng,et al.Deformation and damage mechanisms and coupling support design in deep coal roadway with compound roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):987-993.
[10]侯朝炯,郭励生,勾攀峰.煤巷锚杆支护[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999:7-10.
[11]何满潮,孙晓明.中国煤矿软岩巷道工程支护设计与施工指南[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:56-65.
[12]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.极弱胶结地层煤巷锚网索耦合支护效应研究及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(5):770-778.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Supporting effect and application of bolt-net-anchor coupling support under extremely weak cementation formation[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(5):770-778.
[13]梅凤清.极软弱地层锚固结构形成机制与承载特性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
[14]孟庆彬,韩立军,浦海,等.极弱胶结地层煤巷支护体系与监控分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):234-245.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,PU Hai,et al.Research and monitoring analysis of coal roadway bolting system in very weakly cemented stratum[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):234-245.
[15]余伟健,高谦,朱川曲.深部软弱围岩叠加拱承载体强度理论及应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2134-2142.YU Weijian,GAO Qian,ZHU Chuanqu.Study of strength theory and application of overlap arch bearing body for deep soft surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2134-2142.
[16]荆升国.高应力破碎软岩巷道棚-索协同支护围岩控制机理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[17]康红普,王金华.煤巷锚杆支护理论与成套技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007:114-138.
[18]MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,SUN Jingwu,et al.Experimental study on the bolt-cable combined supporting technology for the extraction roadways in weakly cemented strata[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2015,25(1):113-119.
[19]MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Support technology for mine roadways in extreme weakly cemented strata and its application[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2014,24(2):157-164.
[2]王渭明,王磊,代春泉.基于强度分层计算的弱胶结软岩冻结壁变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增刊2):4110-4116.WANG Weiming,WANG Lei,DAI Chunquan.Frozen wall deformation analysis in weakly cemented soft rock based on layered calculation of strength[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(Sup 2):4110-4116.
[3]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.极弱胶结地层开拓巷道围岩演化规律与监测分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(4):572-579.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Evolution of surrounding rock in pioneering roadway with very weakly cemented strata through monitoring and analyzing[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(4):572-579.
[4]孙广义,陈刚,于蒲喜.深部开采巷道断面优化设计与应用研究[J].煤炭工程,2008(9):57-60.SUN Guangyi,CHEN Gang,YU Puxi.The optimized design and application research of roadway cross-section in deep mining[J].Coal Engineering,2008(9):57-60.
[5]李思峰.急倾斜煤层断面形状及支护方式的选择及应用[J].煤炭技术,2009,28(5):69-70.LI Sifeng.Selection and application of section form and support way in steep coal seam[J].Coal Technology,2009,28(5):69-70.
[6]康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道锚杆支护应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):649-664.KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua,LIN Jian.Case studies of rock bolting in coal mine roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):649-664.
[7]张农,高明仕.煤巷高强预应力锚杆支护技术与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):524-527.ZHANG Nong,GAO Mingshi.High strength and pretension bolting support of coal roadway and its application[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(5):524-527.
[8]王金华.全煤巷道锚杆锚索联合支护机理与效果分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(1):1-7.WANG Jinhua.Analysis on mechanism and effect of rock bolts and cables in gate road with coal seam as roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):1-7.
[9]何满潮,齐干,程骋,等.深部复合顶板煤巷变形破坏机制及耦合支护设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):987-993.HE Manchao,QI Gan,CHENG Cheng,et al.Deformation and damage mechanisms and coupling support design in deep coal roadway with compound roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):987-993.
[10]侯朝炯,郭励生,勾攀峰.煤巷锚杆支护[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999:7-10.
[11]何满潮,孙晓明.中国煤矿软岩巷道工程支护设计与施工指南[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:56-65.
[12]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.极弱胶结地层煤巷锚网索耦合支护效应研究及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(5):770-778.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Supporting effect and application of bolt-net-anchor coupling support under extremely weak cementation formation[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(5):770-778.
[13]梅凤清.极软弱地层锚固结构形成机制与承载特性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
[14]孟庆彬,韩立军,浦海,等.极弱胶结地层煤巷支护体系与监控分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):234-245.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,PU Hai,et al.Research and monitoring analysis of coal roadway bolting system in very weakly cemented stratum[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):234-245.
[15]余伟健,高谦,朱川曲.深部软弱围岩叠加拱承载体强度理论及应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2134-2142.YU Weijian,GAO Qian,ZHU Chuanqu.Study of strength theory and application of overlap arch bearing body for deep soft surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2134-2142.
[16]荆升国.高应力破碎软岩巷道棚-索协同支护围岩控制机理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[17]康红普,王金华.煤巷锚杆支护理论与成套技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007:114-138.
[18]MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,SUN Jingwu,et al.Experimental study on the bolt-cable combined supporting technology for the extraction roadways in weakly cemented strata[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2015,25(1):113-119.
[19]MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Support technology for mine roadways in extreme weakly cemented strata and its application[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2014,24(2):157-164.