北部湾盆地脊形PDC切削齿钻头提速技术
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摘要
北部湾盆地古近系涠洲组、流沙港地层岩性差异大,常规PDC钻头难以适应,导致整体机械钻速偏低。针对上述问题,用脊形PDC切削齿替换常规PDC切削齿,并对脊形PDC切削齿进行了物理性能分析,证明脊形PDC切削齿钻头攻击性良好、切削效率高;用钻头软件模拟评价钻头载荷和功率、机械钻速及扭矩。模拟评价及现场应用结果表明:脊形PDC切削齿钻头结合了尖圆齿应力集中的特性,破岩过程中切削齿和岩石的受力均发生变化,切削时接触面积小,更容易吃入地层,切削能耗低;脊形PDC切削齿钻头比相同设计的常规PDC钻头提速24. 8%～52. 0%,且出井钻头磨损少。研究结果可为北部湾盆差异性地层钻头优选及设计提供借鉴。
The great difference of the lithology of the Paleogene Weizhou Formation and Liusha Formation in the Beibu Gulf Basin makes the conventional PDC bit difficult to adapt,resulting in a low overall ROP. To address the problems,the conventional PDC cutter was replaced by ridge-shaped AxeBlade PDC cutter. And the physical properties of the ridge-shaped AxeBlade PDC cutter were analyzed,which proved that the AxeBlade cutter PDC bit was more aggressive and could provide higher cutting efficiency. Loads and power,ROP and torque of the PDC bit were simulated and evaluated using bit software. The simulation evaluation and field application results showed that the ridge-shaped cutter PDC bit integrates the stress concentration characteristics of the sharp cutter,which makes the forces on the cutter and the rock change during the rock breaking process,providing a smaller contact area,easier cutter eating into the formation and lower cutting energy consumption. The ridge-shaped AxeBlade cutter PDC bit is 24. 8% ～ 52. 0% faster than the conventional PDC bit of the same design,and has less wears. The study could provide references for the selection and design of the drill bit for lithological different formation in the Beibu Gulf Basin.
The great difference of the lithology of the Paleogene Weizhou Formation and Liusha Formation in the Beibu Gulf Basin makes the conventional PDC bit difficult to adapt,resulting in a low overall ROP. To address the problems,the conventional PDC cutter was replaced by ridge-shaped AxeBlade PDC cutter. And the physical properties of the ridge-shaped AxeBlade PDC cutter were analyzed,which proved that the AxeBlade cutter PDC bit was more aggressive and could provide higher cutting efficiency. Loads and power,ROP and torque of the PDC bit were simulated and evaluated using bit software. The simulation evaluation and field application results showed that the ridge-shaped cutter PDC bit integrates the stress concentration characteristics of the sharp cutter,which makes the forces on the cutter and the rock change during the rock breaking process,providing a smaller contact area,easier cutter eating into the formation and lower cutting energy consumption. The ridge-shaped AxeBlade cutter PDC bit is 24. 8% ～ 52. 0% faster than the conventional PDC bit of the same design,and has less wears. The study could provide references for the selection and design of the drill bit for lithological different formation in the Beibu Gulf Basin.
引文
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[2]邓金根,朱海燕,谢玉洪,等.南海西部海域难钻地层特征及破碎机制研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(7):2097-2102.DENG J G,ZHU H Y,XIE Y H,et al.Rock mechanical properties and rock breaking mechanism of the complex formation of the western South China Sea oilfields[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(7):2097-2102.
[3]王德余,李根生,史怀忠,等.高效破岩新方法进展与应用[J].石油机械,2012,40(6):1-6.WANG D Y,LI G S,SHI H Z,et al.Progress of the high-efficiency rock-breaking method[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2012,40(6):1-6.
[4]郑家伟.国外金刚石钻头的新进展[J].石油机械,2016,44(8):31-36.ZHENG J W.New development in foreign diamond drill bit[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(8):31-36.
[5]朱丽华.Smith钻头公司新型Axe Blade脊状金刚石钻头[J].钻采工艺,2016,39(3):94.ZHU L H.New type Axe Blade cutter diamond bit of Schlumberger[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2016,39(3):94.
[6]斯伦贝谢.21世纪的PDC钻头技术[EB/OL].2014年夏季刊.http:∥www.cn.slb.com/html/oil/.Schlumberger.New drilling technology in 21 Century[EB/OL].[2014 Summer issue].http:∥www.cn.slb.com/html/oil/.
[7]佚名.Axe Blade脊状斧式金刚石切削齿钻头[EB/OL].http:∥/www.oilsns.com/article/172380.ANON.Axe Blade cutter diamond bit[EB/OL].http:∥/www.oilsns.com/article/172380.
[8]CRANE D,ZHANG Y,DOUGLAS C,et al.Innovative PDC cutter with elongated ridge combines shear and crush action to improve PDC bit performance[C]∥SPE Middle East Oil&Gas Show and Conference.2017.
[9]ZHANG J,DOUGLAS C H S,MUELLER L,et al.Refinements to cutter technology and PDC bit hydraulics lead to faster drilling in hard/abrasive formations east texas[M].2012.
[10]PLEMONS B,DOUGLAS C H S,SHEN Y,et al.New cutter technology for faster drilling in hard/abrasive formations[R].SPE-132143-MS,2010.