哈尔滨太阳岛外滩湿地春季大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系
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摘要
为了解哈尔滨太阳岛外滩湿地大型底栖无脊椎动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2016年5月对其进行了春季大型底栖无脊椎动物采样调查。此次调查共采集到大型底栖无脊椎动物10目12科34种。其中水生昆虫19种,占总物种数的55.88%;软体动物9种,占26.47%;环节动物4种,占11.76%;甲壳动物2种,占5.88%。优势种有3种,分别为步行多足摇蚊(Polypedilum pedestre)、黄色多足摇蚊(Polypedilum flavum)和圆顶珠蚌(Unio douglasiae)。研究地大型底栖无脊椎动物的栖息密度和生物量分别为157.44±103.28ind/m2和229.61±517.29g/m2。3种生物指数的分析结果如下:Simpson多样性指数为4.11±1.85,Margalef丰富度指数为0.83±0.48,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数为1.35±0.66。影响大型底栖无脊椎动物分布的主要水体理化因子为磷酸盐和氧化还原电位。通过典范对应分析和灰色系统关联度分析,表明与太阳岛外滩湿地大型底栖无脊椎动物的物种组成和密度关系最为密切的水体理化因子为酸碱度,而对生物量影响最大的为亚硝酸盐。
To investigate the structure of macroinvertebrates community and its relationship with environmental factors in Sun Island Bund Wetland of Harbin in spring,a survey was carried out on May,2016.A total of 34 species of macroinvertebrates,which belonged to 10 orders and 12 families,were collected.The aquatic insect class had the highest number of 19 species contributing 55.88% of the total species,which was followed by mollusk 9 species contributing 26.47%.Four species of annelid and 2 species of crustacean accounted for 11.76% and 5.88% of the total species,respectively.Polypedilum pedestre,P.flavum and Unio douglasiae were the most dominant species of all.The density of the macroinvertebrates in the Sun Island Bund Wetland was 157.44±103.28 ind/m2,and the biomass was 229.61±517.29 g/m2.The Simpson diversity index,Margalef richness index and Shannon-Weiner index were 4.11±1.85,0.83±0.48,and 1.35±0.66,respectively.The main water physical and chemical factors affecting the distribution of macroinvertebrates were total phosphorus and oxidation-reduction potential.The study showed that pH had the closest relationship with the species composition and density of macroinvertebrates in Sun Island Bund Wetland of Harbin,while the nitrite displayed the greatest impact on biomass.
To investigate the structure of macroinvertebrates community and its relationship with environmental factors in Sun Island Bund Wetland of Harbin in spring,a survey was carried out on May,2016.A total of 34 species of macroinvertebrates,which belonged to 10 orders and 12 families,were collected.The aquatic insect class had the highest number of 19 species contributing 55.88% of the total species,which was followed by mollusk 9 species contributing 26.47%.Four species of annelid and 2 species of crustacean accounted for 11.76% and 5.88% of the total species,respectively.Polypedilum pedestre,P.flavum and Unio douglasiae were the most dominant species of all.The density of the macroinvertebrates in the Sun Island Bund Wetland was 157.44±103.28 ind/m2,and the biomass was 229.61±517.29 g/m2.The Simpson diversity index,Margalef richness index and Shannon-Weiner index were 4.11±1.85,0.83±0.48,and 1.35±0.66,respectively.The main water physical and chemical factors affecting the distribution of macroinvertebrates were total phosphorus and oxidation-reduction potential.The study showed that pH had the closest relationship with the species composition and density of macroinvertebrates in Sun Island Bund Wetland of Harbin,while the nitrite displayed the greatest impact on biomass.
引文
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[22]张静.松花江哈尔滨段大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2010Zhang J.Macrobenthos community structure and biological evaluational research of water quality in Songhua River along Harbin City[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2010(in Chinese)
[2]Ricciardi A,Rasmussen J B.Extinction rates of North American freshwater fauna[J].Conservation Biology,1999,13(5):1220-1222
[3]吴妍,赵志强,龚文峰,王晓春.太阳岛湿地景观生态安全综合评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(1):101-104Wu Y,Zhao Z Q,Gong W F,Wang X C.Ecological security evaluation of wetland landscape in the Sun Island Scenic Spot[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2010,38(1):101-104(in Chinese)
[4]肖鸿.太阳岛风景区空间活力营造研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016Xiao H.Research on creating a space vitality of Sun-Island Scenic Spot[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2016(in Chinese)
[5]Wu J,Wang L,Ma F,Yang J X,Li S Y,Li Z.Effects of vegetative-periodic-induced rhizosphere variation on the uptake and translocation of metals in Phragmites australis(Cav)Trinex Steudel growing in the Sun Island Wetland[J].Ecotoxicology,2013,22(4):608
[6]SOLDAN.Book review:Aquatic insects of China useful for monitoring Water Quality[J].European Journal of Entomology,2013,94(1):152
[7]Merritt R W,Cummins K W.An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America[J].Freshwater Science,1996,15(3):593-595
[8]周长发.中国大陆蜉蝣目分类研究[D].天津:南开大学,2002Zhou C F.A taxonomic study on mayflies from mainland China(Insecta:Ephemeroptera)[D].Tianjin:Nankai University,2002(in Chinese)
[9]Woodiwiss F S.The biological system of stream classification used by the Trent River Board[J].Chemistry and Industry,1964,11:443-447
[10]赵彩云,柳晓燕,白加德,吕凤春,李俊生.广西北海西村港互花米草对红树林湿地大型底栖动物群落的影响[J].生物多样性,2014,22(5):630-639Zhao C Y,Liu X Y,Bai J D,Lv F C,Li J S.Impact of Spartina alterniflora on benthic macroinvertebrates communities on mangrove wetland in Xicungang Estuary,Guangxi[J].Biodiversity Science,2014,22(5):630-639(in Chinese)
[11]谢志才,张君倩,陈静,马凯,刘瑞秋,汪亚平,蔡庆华.东洞庭湖保护区大型底栖动物空间分布格局及水质评价[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(3):289-298Xie Z C,Zhang J Q,Chen J,Ma K,Liu R Q,Wang Y P,Cai Q H.Spatial distributional pattern of macrozoobenthos and pollution evaluation in East Lake Dongting Reserve[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2007,19(3):289-298(in Chinese)
[12]王银东,熊邦喜,陈才保,胡宏胜.环境因子对底栖动物生命活动的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2005,24(3):253-257Wang Y D,Xiong B X,Chen C B,Hu H S.The effect of environment factors on life activity of zoobenthos[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University:Natural Science,2005,24(3):253-257(in Chinese)
[13]Shostell J M,Williams B S.Habitat complexity as a determinate of benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in cypress tree reservoirs[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,575(1):389-399
[14]Armonies W,Reise K.Empty habitat in coastal sediments for populations of macrozoobenthos[J].Helgoland Marine Research,2003,56(4):279-287
[15]Kaiser M J,Broad G,Hall S J.Disturbance of intertidal softsediment benthic communities by cockle hand raking[J].Journal of Sea Research,2001,45(2):119-130
[16]Bakri D A,Behbehani M,Khuraibet A.Quantitative assessment of the intertidal environment of Kuwait I:Integrated environmental classification[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1997,51(4):321-332
[17]Wu R S S,Shin P K S.Sediment characteristics and colonization of soft-bottom benthos:A field manipulation experiment[J].Marine Biology,1997,128(3):475-487
[18]吴建强,阮晓红,王雪.人工湿地中水生植物的作用和选择[J].水资源保护,2005,21(1):1-6Wu J Q,Ruan X H,Wang X.Selection and function of aquatic plants in constructed wetlands[J].Water Resources Protection,2005,21(1):1-6(in Chinese)
[19]董雪,蔡艳,贾铭宇,刘曼红.阿什河春季不同河段大型底栖动物群落结构与环境因子[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(1):90-93Dong X,Cai Y,Jia M Y,Liu M H.Macrobenthos community structure and environmental factors in summer in different segment of Ashihe River[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(1):90-93(in Chinese)
[20]李冠国,范振刚.海洋生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004Li G G,Fan Z G.Marine Ecology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2004(in Chinese)
[21]赵然.松花江大型底栖无脊椎动物种群分布与水质相关性分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014Zhao R.Correlation analysis between macroinvertebrates populations distribution and water quality of Songhua River[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2014(in Chinese)
[22]张静.松花江哈尔滨段大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2010Zhang J.Macrobenthos community structure and biological evaluational research of water quality in Songhua River along Harbin City[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2010(in Chinese)