海南省文教河底栖动物群落特征及与环境因子关系分析
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摘要
调查流域底栖动物及相应的水环境因子,分析底栖动物群落结构特征,探讨底栖动物与主要水质指标之间的相关关系,为文教河水质生物监测、流域生态健康评价、水资源管理等提供科学依据和研究基础。2014年11月,在文教河流域15个点位共采集到底栖动物42种,隶属3门5纲23科,其中水生昆虫为主要类群,占总物种数的69.05%;优势种为雕翅摇蚊Glyptotendipes sp、多足摇蚊Polypedilum sp、海南白虾Exopalaemon hainanensis和米虾Caridina sp,优势度分别为0.19、0.12、0.05、0.02;底栖动物密度和生物量分别为295.00个/m2和31.78g/m2;香农-威纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数范围在0.50～1.96;Margalef丰富度指数范围在0.97～2.82;Pielou均匀度指数范围在0.18～0.39。相关分析表明,水温和溶解氧是影响文教河底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子。
Wenjiao River is the largest river flowing to the sea from Wenchang City,Hainan Province and the Poliu water sluice section of the lower Wenjiao River is an important drinking water source.According to the environmental quality report of Hainan Province,the overall water quality of Wenjiao River was good during 2010-2015,but water quality in the Poliu water sluice section was Grade IV and did not meet drinking water standards.In this study,we analyzed the macroinvertebrate community structure and its relationship to water environmental parameters in Wenjiao River.The aim of the study was to provide reference data for biological water quality monitoring,ecosystem health assessment and water resource management.In March,May,September and November of 2014,water environmental factors including temperature,ammonia nitrogen,DO,TN,TP,CODCr,and BOD5 were monitored at 15 sampling sites(Sites1-15)along the main stem of Wenjiao River.In November 2014,macrozoobenthos sampling was carried out at the 15 sites.A total of 42 macroinvertebrate species were collected,belonging to 23 families,5 classes and 3 phyla.Aquatic insects(29 species)made up the largest group,accounting for 69.05%of the total macroinvertebrate species.Glyptotendipes sp.,Polypedilumsp.,Exopalaemon hainanensis and Caridina sp.were the dominant species,with dominance values of 0.19,0.12,0.05 and 0.02,respectively.Macroinvertebrate density and biomass ranges were 55.56-1 344.44 ind/m2 and 0.04-193.76 g/m2,with the average values of 295.00 ind/m2 and 31.78 g/m2,respectively.The density of macroinvertebrate was primarily affected by aquatic insects and the biomass by mollusks.The Shannon-Wiener diversity,Margalef richness and Pielou evenness indices of the macroinvertebrate community ranged,respectively,from 0.50 to 1.96,0.97 to 2.82 and 0.18 to 0.39,with average values of 1.31,1.69 and 0.26.Correlation analysis showed that temperature and DO were the primary environmental factors affecting the macroinvertebrate community structure in Wenjiao River.
Wenjiao River is the largest river flowing to the sea from Wenchang City,Hainan Province and the Poliu water sluice section of the lower Wenjiao River is an important drinking water source.According to the environmental quality report of Hainan Province,the overall water quality of Wenjiao River was good during 2010-2015,but water quality in the Poliu water sluice section was Grade IV and did not meet drinking water standards.In this study,we analyzed the macroinvertebrate community structure and its relationship to water environmental parameters in Wenjiao River.The aim of the study was to provide reference data for biological water quality monitoring,ecosystem health assessment and water resource management.In March,May,September and November of 2014,water environmental factors including temperature,ammonia nitrogen,DO,TN,TP,CODCr,and BOD5 were monitored at 15 sampling sites(Sites1-15)along the main stem of Wenjiao River.In November 2014,macrozoobenthos sampling was carried out at the 15 sites.A total of 42 macroinvertebrate species were collected,belonging to 23 families,5 classes and 3 phyla.Aquatic insects(29 species)made up the largest group,accounting for 69.05%of the total macroinvertebrate species.Glyptotendipes sp.,Polypedilumsp.,Exopalaemon hainanensis and Caridina sp.were the dominant species,with dominance values of 0.19,0.12,0.05 and 0.02,respectively.Macroinvertebrate density and biomass ranges were 55.56-1 344.44 ind/m2 and 0.04-193.76 g/m2,with the average values of 295.00 ind/m2 and 31.78 g/m2,respectively.The density of macroinvertebrate was primarily affected by aquatic insects and the biomass by mollusks.The Shannon-Wiener diversity,Margalef richness and Pielou evenness indices of the macroinvertebrate community ranged,respectively,from 0.50 to 1.96,0.97 to 2.82 and 0.18 to 0.39,with average values of 1.31,1.69 and 0.26.Correlation analysis showed that temperature and DO were the primary environmental factors affecting the macroinvertebrate community structure in Wenjiao River.
引文
蔡佳亮,苏玉,文航,等,2011.滇池流域入湖河流丰水期大型底栖动物群落特征及其与水环境因子的关系[J].环境科学,32(4):982-989.
陈小华,康丽娟,孙从军,等,2013.典型平原河网地区底栖动物生物指数筛选及评价基准研究[J].水生生物学报,37(2):191-198.
大连水产学院,1982.淡水生物学(上册)[M].北京:农业出版社.
董雪,蔡艳,贾铭宇,等,2016.阿什河春季不同河段大型底栖动物群落结构与环境因子[J].东北林业大学学报,44(1):90-93.
国家环境保护总局,《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会,2002.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.
高世荣,2005.利用水生生物评价水质及环境污染[J].中国环境卫生,8(2):1-8.
耿世伟,渠晓东,张远,等,2012.大型底栖动物生物评价指数比较与应用[J].环境科学,33(7):2281-2287.
洪松,陈静生,2000.中国河流水生生物群落结构特征探讨[J].水生生物学报,26(3):295-304.
霍堂斌,刘曼红,姜作发,等,2012.松花江干流大型底栖动物群落结构与水质生物评价[J].应用生态学报,23(1):247-254.
黄旭蕾,李天宏,蒋晓辉,2015.基于大型底栖无脊椎动物指数的黄河水质评价研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),51(3):53-561.
海南省生态环境保护厅,2016.2011-2015年海南省环境质量报告书[R].
蒋万祥,贾兴焕,周淑婵,等,2009.香溪河大型底栖动物群落结构季节动态[J].应用生态学报,20(4):923-928.
刘月英,张文珍,王跃先,1979.中国经济动物志(淡水软体动物)[M].北京:科学出版社.
李新正,刘瑞玉,梁象秋,2007.中国动物志(无脊椎动物,第四十四卷)[M].北京:科学出版社.
刘贤,莫凌,陈峻峰,等,2016.海南省文澜江底栖动物结构与其水质生物学评价[J].水生态学杂志,37(6):30-36.
渠晓东,2006.香溪河大型底栖动物时空动态、生物完整性及小水电站的影响研究[D].武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所.
任淑智,1991.北京地区河流中大型底栖无脊椎动物与水质关系的研究[J].环境科学学报,11(1):31-46.
任海庆,袁兴中,刘红,等,2015.环境因子对河流底栖无脊椎动物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,35(10):3148-3156.
孙小玲,蔡庆华,李凤清,等,2012.春季昌江大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构及功能摄食类群的空间分布[J].应用与环境生物学报,18(2):163-169.
王备新,徐东炯,杨莲芳,等,2007.常州地区太湖流域上游水系大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构特征及其与环境的关系[J].生态与农村环境学报,23(2):47-51.
王博,刘全儒,周云龙,等,2011.东江干流底栖动物群落结构与水质生物学评价[J].水生态学杂志,32(5):43-49.
王军,周琼,谢从新,2014.新疆额尔齐斯河大型底栖动物的群落结构及水质生物学评价[J].生态学杂志,33(9):2420-2428.
徐梦珍,王兆印,潘保柱,等,2012.雅鲁藏布江流域底栖动物多样性及生态评价[J].生态学报,32(8):2351-2360.
袁锋,1996.昆虫分类学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
杨青瑞,陈求稳,2010.漓江大型底栖无脊椎动物及其与水环境的关系[J].水利水电科技进展,12(6):8-11.
殷旭旺,徐宗学,高欣,2013.渭河流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,24(1):218-226.
赵伟华,2010.中国河流底栖动物宏观格局及黄河下游生态需水研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院.
赵茜,高欣,张远,等,2014.广西红水河大型底栖动物群落结构时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,27(10):1150-1157.
赵风斌,陈萍萍,徐后涛,等,2016.上海市河道底栖动物群落结构与环境因子的关系[J].生态环境学报,25(8):1361-1368.
Hay C H,Franti T G,Marx D B,et al,2008.Macroinvertebrate drift density in relation to abiotic factors in the Missouri River[J].Hydrobiologia,598(1):175-189.
Margalef D R,1968.Perspectives in Ecological Theory[M].Chicago:Univ Chicago Press:111.
McClelland W T,Brusven M A,1980.Effects of sedimentation on the behaviour and distribution of riffle insects in a laboratory stream[J].Aquatic Insects,2(3):161-169.
Pielou E C,1975.Ecological Diversity[M].New York:Wiley Interscience:163.
Shannon C E,Weaver W,1949.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Urbanna:University of Illinois Press:379-423.
Ward J V,Stanford J A,1979.Ecological factors controlling stream zoobenthos with emphasis on thermal modification of regulated streams[J].The Ecology of Regulated Streams:35-55.
陈小华,康丽娟,孙从军,等,2013.典型平原河网地区底栖动物生物指数筛选及评价基准研究[J].水生生物学报,37(2):191-198.
大连水产学院,1982.淡水生物学(上册)[M].北京:农业出版社.
董雪,蔡艳,贾铭宇,等,2016.阿什河春季不同河段大型底栖动物群落结构与环境因子[J].东北林业大学学报,44(1):90-93.
国家环境保护总局,《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会,2002.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.
高世荣,2005.利用水生生物评价水质及环境污染[J].中国环境卫生,8(2):1-8.
耿世伟,渠晓东,张远,等,2012.大型底栖动物生物评价指数比较与应用[J].环境科学,33(7):2281-2287.
洪松,陈静生,2000.中国河流水生生物群落结构特征探讨[J].水生生物学报,26(3):295-304.
霍堂斌,刘曼红,姜作发,等,2012.松花江干流大型底栖动物群落结构与水质生物评价[J].应用生态学报,23(1):247-254.
黄旭蕾,李天宏,蒋晓辉,2015.基于大型底栖无脊椎动物指数的黄河水质评价研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),51(3):53-561.
海南省生态环境保护厅,2016.2011-2015年海南省环境质量报告书[R].
蒋万祥,贾兴焕,周淑婵,等,2009.香溪河大型底栖动物群落结构季节动态[J].应用生态学报,20(4):923-928.
刘月英,张文珍,王跃先,1979.中国经济动物志(淡水软体动物)[M].北京:科学出版社.
李新正,刘瑞玉,梁象秋,2007.中国动物志(无脊椎动物,第四十四卷)[M].北京:科学出版社.
刘贤,莫凌,陈峻峰,等,2016.海南省文澜江底栖动物结构与其水质生物学评价[J].水生态学杂志,37(6):30-36.
渠晓东,2006.香溪河大型底栖动物时空动态、生物完整性及小水电站的影响研究[D].武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所.
任淑智,1991.北京地区河流中大型底栖无脊椎动物与水质关系的研究[J].环境科学学报,11(1):31-46.
任海庆,袁兴中,刘红,等,2015.环境因子对河流底栖无脊椎动物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,35(10):3148-3156.
孙小玲,蔡庆华,李凤清,等,2012.春季昌江大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构及功能摄食类群的空间分布[J].应用与环境生物学报,18(2):163-169.
王备新,徐东炯,杨莲芳,等,2007.常州地区太湖流域上游水系大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构特征及其与环境的关系[J].生态与农村环境学报,23(2):47-51.
王博,刘全儒,周云龙,等,2011.东江干流底栖动物群落结构与水质生物学评价[J].水生态学杂志,32(5):43-49.
王军,周琼,谢从新,2014.新疆额尔齐斯河大型底栖动物的群落结构及水质生物学评价[J].生态学杂志,33(9):2420-2428.
徐梦珍,王兆印,潘保柱,等,2012.雅鲁藏布江流域底栖动物多样性及生态评价[J].生态学报,32(8):2351-2360.
袁锋,1996.昆虫分类学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
杨青瑞,陈求稳,2010.漓江大型底栖无脊椎动物及其与水环境的关系[J].水利水电科技进展,12(6):8-11.
殷旭旺,徐宗学,高欣,2013.渭河流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,24(1):218-226.
赵伟华,2010.中国河流底栖动物宏观格局及黄河下游生态需水研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院.
赵茜,高欣,张远,等,2014.广西红水河大型底栖动物群落结构时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,27(10):1150-1157.
赵风斌,陈萍萍,徐后涛,等,2016.上海市河道底栖动物群落结构与环境因子的关系[J].生态环境学报,25(8):1361-1368.
Hay C H,Franti T G,Marx D B,et al,2008.Macroinvertebrate drift density in relation to abiotic factors in the Missouri River[J].Hydrobiologia,598(1):175-189.
Margalef D R,1968.Perspectives in Ecological Theory[M].Chicago:Univ Chicago Press:111.
McClelland W T,Brusven M A,1980.Effects of sedimentation on the behaviour and distribution of riffle insects in a laboratory stream[J].Aquatic Insects,2(3):161-169.
Pielou E C,1975.Ecological Diversity[M].New York:Wiley Interscience:163.
Shannon C E,Weaver W,1949.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Urbanna:University of Illinois Press:379-423.
Ward J V,Stanford J A,1979.Ecological factors controlling stream zoobenthos with emphasis on thermal modification of regulated streams[J].The Ecology of Regulated Streams:35-55.