交通基础设施的供给侧结构性改革
|
摘要
提升交通基础设施有效供给既是交通运输供给侧结构性改革的首要任务,也是"一带一路"倡议的重要议题,以往学术界对交通基础设施有效供给提升的研究却相对滞后。为了助力供给侧结构性改革在交通基础设施领域顺利实施,采用文献调查与比较研究的分析方法,在总结中国其他领域供给侧结构性改革相应研究成果的基础上,遵循"产业背景—供给侧问题—结构性原因—改革对策"的逻辑思路,以收费公路这一特定交通基础设施产业为例,从企业、产业与区域3个层面指出产业供给侧问题的结构性原因,并提出提升收费公路产业有效供给的改革对策。研究认为,运营效率低下是收费公路产业供给侧问题的集中体现,导致该问题的主要原因分别是企业层面的运营模式结构失衡、行业层面的公路收费制度僵化以及区域层面的属地管理模式;借助PPP模式加快收费公路产业市场化进程,以公路项目微观效益为标准分类实施公路收费政策,在硬化预算约束的基础上进行中央与地方事权改革,统筹收费公路管理成为未来行业走出运营效率低下困局的必由之路。
Enhancing the effective supply of transport infrastructure is not only the primary task of the supply-side structural reform of transportation,but also an important issue under the "Belt and Road Initiative". However,previous research on the improvement of effective supply for transport infrastructure is relatively out of date. In order to facilitate the smooth implementation of supply-sidestructural reform in the field of transport infrastructure,this paper adopts the analysis method of literature investigation and comparative study. On the basis of summarizing the relevant research results of supply-side structural reform in other fields of China,and follows the logical thought of"industry background"-"supply side problems"-"structural reasons-reform solutions". It takes the toll road industry as a specific example,and points out the structural problems on the industry supply side from three aspects such as enterprise,industry and region,and puts forward the solutions to achieve the effective supply of the toll road industry. The study found that the low operating efficiency is the demonstration of the supply side problem of the toll road industry,and the main reasons leading to this problem are the unbalanced operating structure at the enterprise level,the rigid highway toll system at the industry level and the territorial management at the regional level.Therefore,using PPP model to speed up the marketization of the toll road industry,taking the micro benefit of highway project as the standard to classify implementation of highway charging policy; and carrying out the reform of central and local authorities on the basis of tightened budget to coordinate the administration of toll roads would be the only way for the industry to break off the low operation efficiency mode in the future.
Enhancing the effective supply of transport infrastructure is not only the primary task of the supply-side structural reform of transportation,but also an important issue under the "Belt and Road Initiative". However,previous research on the improvement of effective supply for transport infrastructure is relatively out of date. In order to facilitate the smooth implementation of supply-sidestructural reform in the field of transport infrastructure,this paper adopts the analysis method of literature investigation and comparative study. On the basis of summarizing the relevant research results of supply-side structural reform in other fields of China,and follows the logical thought of"industry background"-"supply side problems"-"structural reasons-reform solutions". It takes the toll road industry as a specific example,and points out the structural problems on the industry supply side from three aspects such as enterprise,industry and region,and puts forward the solutions to achieve the effective supply of the toll road industry. The study found that the low operating efficiency is the demonstration of the supply side problem of the toll road industry,and the main reasons leading to this problem are the unbalanced operating structure at the enterprise level,the rigid highway toll system at the industry level and the territorial management at the regional level.Therefore,using PPP model to speed up the marketization of the toll road industry,taking the micro benefit of highway project as the standard to classify implementation of highway charging policy; and carrying out the reform of central and local authorities on the basis of tightened budget to coordinate the administration of toll roads would be the only way for the industry to break off the low operation efficiency mode in the future.
引文
[1]中国人民银行营业管理部课题组,周学东,李宏瑾,等.预算软约束、融资溢价与杠杆率———供给侧结构性改革的微观机理与经济效应研究[J].经济研究,2017,52(10):53-66.
[2]席鹏辉,梁若冰,谢贞发,等.财政压力、产能过剩与供给侧改革[J].经济研究,2017,52(9):86-102.
[3]周密,刘秉镰.供给侧结构性改革为什么是必由之路?———中国式产能过剩的经济学解释[J].经济研究,2017,52(2):67-81.
[4]孙早,许薛璐.产业创新与消费升级:基于供给侧结构性改革视角的经验研究[J].中国工业经济,2018(7):98-116.
[5]刘名远.中国产业结构高度化的供给侧结构性改革研究[J].宏观经济研究,2018(6):78-86,106.
[6]韩海燕,任保平.供给侧改革推进城镇劳动力要素分配合理格局的构建[J].经济问题,2017(2):24-29.
[7]罗必良.农业供给侧改革的关键、难点与方向[J].农村经济,2017(1):1-10.
[8]李凯杰.供给侧改革与新常态下我国出口贸易转型升级[J].经济学家,2016(4):96-102.
[9]曹国华,刘睿凡.供给侧改革背景下我国商业银行信贷风险的防控[J].财经科学,2016(4):22-30.
[10]史丹,张成.中国制造业产业结构的系统性优化———从产出结构优化和要素结构配套视角的分析[J].经济研究,2017,52(10):158-172.
[11]谢泗薪,帅世耀.供给侧改革下物流企业战略发展路径与策略创新[J].中国流通经济,2017,31(2):31-38.
[12]张五常.鼓励内供远胜鼓励内需[N].财会信报,2008-12-22(A11).
[13]滕泰.新供给主义宣言[J].中国经济报告,2013(1):88-92.
[14]贾康,苏京春.论供给侧改革[J].管理世界,2016(3):1-24.
[15]肖林.新供给经济学———供给侧结构性改革与持续增长[M].上海:格致出版社,2016.
[16]孙亮,石建勋.中国供给侧改革的相关理论探析[J].新疆师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016,37(3):75-82.
[17]赵幼力.“供给侧改革”的宏微观视角[C]//吴敬琏.供给侧改革:经济转型重塑中国布局.北京:中国文史出版社,2016:128
[18]林卫斌,苏剑.产业政策与深化供给侧结构性改革———以电力行业为例[J].价格理论与实践,2017(1):12-14.
[19]王志清.供给侧结构性改革与中国民航发展———关于民航发展新常态与发展新理念的思考[J].综合运输,2016,38(9):1-4.
[20]黄群慧.论中国工业的供给侧结构性改革[J].中国工业经济,2016(9):5-23.
[21]徐海成,王毅,贾锐宁.基于三阶段DEA与Tobit回归模型的收费公路行业运营模式双轨制效率研究[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(9):125-132.
[22]贾锐宁,徐海成.高速公路规模与区域经济发展的适应性———基于2001~2015年中国省级面板数据的实证分析[J].中国流通经济,2017,31(7):20-29.
[23]林卫斌,苏剑.供给侧改革的性质及其实现方式[J].价格理论与实践,2016(1):16-19.
[24]朱贻宁.收费公路产业行政垄断及产业效率的计量分析[J].统计与决策,2015(11):104-107.
[25]徐海成,贾锐宁.“贷款修路,收费还贷”政策思考[J].长安大学学报(社会科学版),2016,18(3):97-103.
[26]傅勇.分权治理与地方政府合意性:新政治经济学能告诉我们什么?[J].经济社会体制比较,2010(4):13-22.
(1)来源于交通运输部2017年第五次例行新闻发布会。
[2]席鹏辉,梁若冰,谢贞发,等.财政压力、产能过剩与供给侧改革[J].经济研究,2017,52(9):86-102.
[3]周密,刘秉镰.供给侧结构性改革为什么是必由之路?———中国式产能过剩的经济学解释[J].经济研究,2017,52(2):67-81.
[4]孙早,许薛璐.产业创新与消费升级:基于供给侧结构性改革视角的经验研究[J].中国工业经济,2018(7):98-116.
[5]刘名远.中国产业结构高度化的供给侧结构性改革研究[J].宏观经济研究,2018(6):78-86,106.
[6]韩海燕,任保平.供给侧改革推进城镇劳动力要素分配合理格局的构建[J].经济问题,2017(2):24-29.
[7]罗必良.农业供给侧改革的关键、难点与方向[J].农村经济,2017(1):1-10.
[8]李凯杰.供给侧改革与新常态下我国出口贸易转型升级[J].经济学家,2016(4):96-102.
[9]曹国华,刘睿凡.供给侧改革背景下我国商业银行信贷风险的防控[J].财经科学,2016(4):22-30.
[10]史丹,张成.中国制造业产业结构的系统性优化———从产出结构优化和要素结构配套视角的分析[J].经济研究,2017,52(10):158-172.
[11]谢泗薪,帅世耀.供给侧改革下物流企业战略发展路径与策略创新[J].中国流通经济,2017,31(2):31-38.
[12]张五常.鼓励内供远胜鼓励内需[N].财会信报,2008-12-22(A11).
[13]滕泰.新供给主义宣言[J].中国经济报告,2013(1):88-92.
[14]贾康,苏京春.论供给侧改革[J].管理世界,2016(3):1-24.
[15]肖林.新供给经济学———供给侧结构性改革与持续增长[M].上海:格致出版社,2016.
[16]孙亮,石建勋.中国供给侧改革的相关理论探析[J].新疆师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016,37(3):75-82.
[17]赵幼力.“供给侧改革”的宏微观视角[C]//吴敬琏.供给侧改革:经济转型重塑中国布局.北京:中国文史出版社,2016:128
[18]林卫斌,苏剑.产业政策与深化供给侧结构性改革———以电力行业为例[J].价格理论与实践,2017(1):12-14.
[19]王志清.供给侧结构性改革与中国民航发展———关于民航发展新常态与发展新理念的思考[J].综合运输,2016,38(9):1-4.
[20]黄群慧.论中国工业的供给侧结构性改革[J].中国工业经济,2016(9):5-23.
[21]徐海成,王毅,贾锐宁.基于三阶段DEA与Tobit回归模型的收费公路行业运营模式双轨制效率研究[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(9):125-132.
[22]贾锐宁,徐海成.高速公路规模与区域经济发展的适应性———基于2001~2015年中国省级面板数据的实证分析[J].中国流通经济,2017,31(7):20-29.
[23]林卫斌,苏剑.供给侧改革的性质及其实现方式[J].价格理论与实践,2016(1):16-19.
[24]朱贻宁.收费公路产业行政垄断及产业效率的计量分析[J].统计与决策,2015(11):104-107.
[25]徐海成,贾锐宁.“贷款修路,收费还贷”政策思考[J].长安大学学报(社会科学版),2016,18(3):97-103.
[26]傅勇.分权治理与地方政府合意性:新政治经济学能告诉我们什么?[J].经济社会体制比较,2010(4):13-22.
(1)来源于交通运输部2017年第五次例行新闻发布会。