小型动态制冰机工作过程的结晶特性
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摘要
利用所搭建的小型动态制冰装置制取冰浆,实验探讨了结晶时间、载冷剂温度、添加剂种类与浓度、刮削速度等因素对冰浆动态制备过程的影响,研究中基于热平衡方法测得结晶过程不同时刻的含冰率,对所制取的冰浆进行显微拍照,并基于图像处理获取冰晶尺寸的当量直径。实验结果表明,在动态结晶过程的测试时间内,制冰溶液的降温速率受外界条件影响较小,但添加剂种类与浓度对制冰溶液的相变结晶温度以及过冷度影响较大;制冰溶液的含冰率与冰晶尺寸均随时间的增加而增大,其中载冷剂温度、添加剂种类与浓度对溶液含冰率影响较大,而对冰晶尺寸影响最大的因素是刮削速度与添加剂浓度;当结晶过程进行到30min时溶液的含冰率均达到25%,冰晶尺寸均能达到0.12 mm左右。
The ice slurry was prepared by using the small scale ice making machine.The effects of crystallization time,second refrigerant temperature,additive type and concentration,and scraping speed on the dynamic generation process of the ice slurry were investigated.The heat balance method was used in the study.The ice packing factor at different times of the crystallization process was microscopically photographed,and the equivalent diameter of the ice crystal size was obtained based on image processing.The experimental results show that the cooling rate of the ice-making solution is less affected by external conditions during the test time of the dynamic crystallization process,but the type and concentration of the additive have a great influence on the phase change crystallization temperature and supercooling degree of the ice-making solution.The ice packing factor and ice crystal size of the solution increase with time.The temperature of the brine,the type and concentration of the additive have a great influence on the ice content of the solution,and the factors that have the greatest influence on the ice crystal size are the scraping speed and the additive concentration.When the crystallization process is carried out for 30 min,the ice content of the solution reaches 25%,and the ice crystal size can reach about 0.12 mm.
The ice slurry was prepared by using the small scale ice making machine.The effects of crystallization time,second refrigerant temperature,additive type and concentration,and scraping speed on the dynamic generation process of the ice slurry were investigated.The heat balance method was used in the study.The ice packing factor at different times of the crystallization process was microscopically photographed,and the equivalent diameter of the ice crystal size was obtained based on image processing.The experimental results show that the cooling rate of the ice-making solution is less affected by external conditions during the test time of the dynamic crystallization process,but the type and concentration of the additive have a great influence on the phase change crystallization temperature and supercooling degree of the ice-making solution.The ice packing factor and ice crystal size of the solution increase with time.The temperature of the brine,the type and concentration of the additive have a great influence on the ice content of the solution,and the factors that have the greatest influence on the ice crystal size are the scraping speed and the additive concentration.When the crystallization process is carried out for 30 min,the ice content of the solution reaches 25%,and the ice crystal size can reach about 0.12 mm.
引文
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[10]INADA T,MODAK P R.Growth control of ice crystals by poly(vinyl alcohol)and antifreeze protein in ice slurries[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2006,61(10):3149-3158.
[11]DELAHAYE A,FOURNAISON L,GUILPART J.Characterisation of ice and THF hydrate slurry crystal size distribution by microscopic observation method[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2010,33(8):1639-1647.
[12]YOUSSEF Z,DELAHAYE A,HUANG L,et al.State of the art on phase change material slurries[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2013,65(1):120-132.
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[15]赵腾磊,刘志强,徐爱祥,等.冰浆存储过程冰晶粒径演化数值模拟[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,(10):3651-3656.ZHAO T L,LIU Z Q,XU A X,et al.Numerical simulation of evolution of ice crystal size distribution during storage[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,(10):3651-3656.
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[17]刘志强,王肖肖,王小倩,等.冰浆存储过程中冰晶粒径演化的影响因素研究[J].热科学与技术,2013,12(4):307-312.LIU Z Q,WANG X X,WANG X Q,et al.Analysis of influence factors of ice slurry in storage[J].Journal of Thermal Science and Technology,2013,12(4):307-312.
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[19]青春耀,肖睿,宋文吉,等.冰浆在蓄冰槽内的蓄冰特性及其均匀度研究[J].低温与超导,2009,37(5):41-46.QING C Y,XIAO R,SONG W J,et al.Study on ice slurry storing characteristics and its uniformity in ice storage tank[J].Cryogenics and Superconductivity,2009,37(5):41-46.
[20]BéDéCARRATS J P,DAVID T,CASTAING-LASVIGNOTTES J.Ice slurry production using supercooling phenomenon[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2010,33(1):196-204.
[21]MATSUMOTO K,SAKURAI H.Study on prevention of ice adhesion to cooling wall due to voltage impression in ice storage-discussion on possibility of attraction of oil to wall[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2006,29(1):142-149.
[22]INADA T,ZHANG X,YABE A,et al.Active control of phase change from supercooled water to ice by ultrasonic vibration(1):Control of freezing temperature[J].International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,2001,44(23):4523-4531.
[23]宋力钊,刘圣春,饶志明.氯化钠冰浆系统的试验研究[J].流体机械,2013,41(10):65-68.SONG L Z,LIU S C,RAO Z M.Performance study on sodium chloride ice slurry system[J].Fluid Machinery,2013,41(10):65-68.
[24]陈泽全,刘曦,郑闽锋,等.有关因素对冰浆制取过程中过冷度影响的实验研究[J].制冷,2014,33(1):1-6.CHEN Z Q,LIU X,ZHENG M F,et al.Experimental study on the influences of some factors on supercooling degree in icing process[J].Refrigeration,2014,33(1):1-6.
[25]章学来,唐恒.喷射载冷剂制取冰浆的添加剂优选[J].化学工程,2006,34(6):56-58.ZHANG X L,TANG H.Selection of additives of spraying secondary refrigerant in ice slurry preparation[J].Chemical Engineering(China),2006,34(6):56-58.
[26]吴鹏.动态制冰溶液成核特性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.WU P.The analysis of the nucleation of the fluid in the dynamic ice slurry making system[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008.
[27]刘圣春,宋明,姜婷婷,等.不同凝核剂溶液在冷表面上凝结过程的实验研究[J].化工进展,2018,37(5):1702-1708.LIU S C,SONG M,JIANG T T,et al.Experimental research on solidification of different coagulation agents at cooled surfaces[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2018,37(5):1702-1708.
[28]谢若非,于航.过冷法制备冰浆中控制参数对制冰的影响[J].建筑节能,2012,(3):14-18.XIE R F,YU H.Effect of control parameters to ice-making of dynamic ice slurry generation based on supercooled method[J].Building Energy Efficiency,2012,(3):14-18.
[29]唐艺芳,刘志强,王肖肖,等.搅拌对冰浆存储冰晶粒径演化的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,48(5):1376-1383.TANG Y F,LIU Z Q,WANG X X,et al.Effects of stirring action on ice crystal size evolution during storage[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2017,48(5):1376-1383.
[30]刘曦,林淑娴,李岁,等.二氧化硅纳米颗粒对冰浆中冰晶粒径分布及存储演化特性的影响[J].化工学报,2017,68(3):870-878.LIU X,LIN S X,LI S,et al.Effect of nanosilica on size distribution and evolution of ice crystal particles during storage of ice slurry[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(3):870-878.
[2]YAU Y H,LEE S K.Feasibility study of an ice slurry-cooling coil for HVAC and R systems in a tropical building[J].Applied Energy,2010,87(8):2699-2711.
[3]FERNáNDEZ-SEARA J,DIZ R,UHíA F J,et al.Experimental analysis on pressure drop and heat transfer of a terminal fan-coil unit with ice slurry as cooling medium[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2010,33(6):1095-1104.
[4]KAUFFELD M,WANG M J,GOLDSTEIN V,et al.Ice slurry applications[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2010,33(8):1491-1505.
[5]MATSUMOTO K,ZHANG S,SEKINE K,et al.Investigation on influence of dimensions of ice containing ozone microbubbles on characteristics of ozone concentration[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2016,66:41-49.
[6]HUIDOBRO A,LóPEZ-CABALLERO M,MENDES R.Onboard processing of deepwater pink shrimp(parapenaeus longirostris)with liquid ice:effect on quality[J].European Food Research&Technology,2002,214(6):469-475.
[7]PINEIRO C,BARROSVELAZQUEZ J,AUBOURG S P.Effects of newer slurry ice systems on the quality of aquatic food products:a comparative review versus flake-ice chilling methods[J].Trends in Food Science&Technology,2004,15(12):575-582.
[8]DONG K J,FENG Z P,ZHENG R Y,et al.Design and economic analysis of mine air-conditioning system using ice slurry for latent-heat transportation[J].Refrigeration&Air Conditioning,2011,25(1):1-6.
[9]MICHAEL K,MASAHIRO K.Handbook of Ice Slurry[M].Paris:International Institute of Refrigeration Press,2005:19-30.
[10]INADA T,MODAK P R.Growth control of ice crystals by poly(vinyl alcohol)and antifreeze protein in ice slurries[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2006,61(10):3149-3158.
[11]DELAHAYE A,FOURNAISON L,GUILPART J.Characterisation of ice and THF hydrate slurry crystal size distribution by microscopic observation method[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2010,33(8):1639-1647.
[12]YOUSSEF Z,DELAHAYE A,HUANG L,et al.State of the art on phase change material slurries[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2013,65(1):120-132.
[13]AYEL V,LOTTIN O,PEERHOSSAINI H.Rheology,flow behaviour and heat transfer of ice slurries:a review of the state of the art[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2003,26(1):95-107.
[14]EGOLF P W,KITANOVSKI A,ATA-CAESAR D,et al.Thermodynamics and heat transfer of ice slurries[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2005,28(1):51-59.
[15]赵腾磊,刘志强,徐爱祥,等.冰浆存储过程冰晶粒径演化数值模拟[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,(10):3651-3656.ZHAO T L,LIU Z Q,XU A X,et al.Numerical simulation of evolution of ice crystal size distribution during storage[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,(10):3651-3656.
[16]徐爱祥,刘志强,王小倩,等.破碎与团聚对冰浆存储过程冰晶粒径演化的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,(11):4720-4725.XU A X,LIU Z Q,WANG X Q,et al.Effect of breakage and aggregation on evolution of ice crystals during storage[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,(11):4720-4725.
[17]刘志强,王肖肖,王小倩,等.冰浆存储过程中冰晶粒径演化的影响因素研究[J].热科学与技术,2013,12(4):307-312.LIU Z Q,WANG X X,WANG X Q,et al.Analysis of influence factors of ice slurry in storage[J].Journal of Thermal Science and Technology,2013,12(4):307-312.
[18]KOZAWA Y,AIZAWA N,TANINO M.Study on ice storing characteristics in dynamic-type ice storage system by using supercooled water:effects of the supplying conditions of ice-slurry at deployment to district heating and cooling system[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2005,28(1):73-82.
[19]青春耀,肖睿,宋文吉,等.冰浆在蓄冰槽内的蓄冰特性及其均匀度研究[J].低温与超导,2009,37(5):41-46.QING C Y,XIAO R,SONG W J,et al.Study on ice slurry storing characteristics and its uniformity in ice storage tank[J].Cryogenics and Superconductivity,2009,37(5):41-46.
[20]BéDéCARRATS J P,DAVID T,CASTAING-LASVIGNOTTES J.Ice slurry production using supercooling phenomenon[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2010,33(1):196-204.
[21]MATSUMOTO K,SAKURAI H.Study on prevention of ice adhesion to cooling wall due to voltage impression in ice storage-discussion on possibility of attraction of oil to wall[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2006,29(1):142-149.
[22]INADA T,ZHANG X,YABE A,et al.Active control of phase change from supercooled water to ice by ultrasonic vibration(1):Control of freezing temperature[J].International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,2001,44(23):4523-4531.
[23]宋力钊,刘圣春,饶志明.氯化钠冰浆系统的试验研究[J].流体机械,2013,41(10):65-68.SONG L Z,LIU S C,RAO Z M.Performance study on sodium chloride ice slurry system[J].Fluid Machinery,2013,41(10):65-68.
[24]陈泽全,刘曦,郑闽锋,等.有关因素对冰浆制取过程中过冷度影响的实验研究[J].制冷,2014,33(1):1-6.CHEN Z Q,LIU X,ZHENG M F,et al.Experimental study on the influences of some factors on supercooling degree in icing process[J].Refrigeration,2014,33(1):1-6.
[25]章学来,唐恒.喷射载冷剂制取冰浆的添加剂优选[J].化学工程,2006,34(6):56-58.ZHANG X L,TANG H.Selection of additives of spraying secondary refrigerant in ice slurry preparation[J].Chemical Engineering(China),2006,34(6):56-58.
[26]吴鹏.动态制冰溶液成核特性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.WU P.The analysis of the nucleation of the fluid in the dynamic ice slurry making system[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008.
[27]刘圣春,宋明,姜婷婷,等.不同凝核剂溶液在冷表面上凝结过程的实验研究[J].化工进展,2018,37(5):1702-1708.LIU S C,SONG M,JIANG T T,et al.Experimental research on solidification of different coagulation agents at cooled surfaces[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2018,37(5):1702-1708.
[28]谢若非,于航.过冷法制备冰浆中控制参数对制冰的影响[J].建筑节能,2012,(3):14-18.XIE R F,YU H.Effect of control parameters to ice-making of dynamic ice slurry generation based on supercooled method[J].Building Energy Efficiency,2012,(3):14-18.
[29]唐艺芳,刘志强,王肖肖,等.搅拌对冰浆存储冰晶粒径演化的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,48(5):1376-1383.TANG Y F,LIU Z Q,WANG X X,et al.Effects of stirring action on ice crystal size evolution during storage[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2017,48(5):1376-1383.
[30]刘曦,林淑娴,李岁,等.二氧化硅纳米颗粒对冰浆中冰晶粒径分布及存储演化特性的影响[J].化工学报,2017,68(3):870-878.LIU X,LIN S X,LI S,et al.Effect of nanosilica on size distribution and evolution of ice crystal particles during storage of ice slurry[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(3):870-878.