复方中草药对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能及非特异性免疫指标的影响
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摘要
为研究复方中草药对大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus幼鱼生长及免疫性能的影响,以基础饲料为对照组(D0),将白术、甘草、当归、山楂、陈皮、防风、五味子、茯苓等16种中草药按中医配伍理论设计出4组中草药配方,并将4种配方中草药经砂锅熬煮后的汤药按一定量分别添加到基础饲料中(2%)作为试验饲料(D1、D2、D3、D4); 5组饲料分别投喂平均体质量为10 g的大菱鲆幼鱼8周,研究4种复方中药添加剂对大菱鲆生长及非特异性免疫指标的影响。结果表明:D1、D3、D4试验组鱼的增重率(WGR)及特定生长率(SGR)与对照组(D0)无显著性差异(P>0. 05),仅D2试验组增重率和特定生长率较D0、D3、D4组显著性增高(P<0. 05),而饲料系数(FCR)较D0组有显著性降低(P<0. 05); D1组鱼的脏体比(VI)显著高于D0组(P<0. 05),其他组与D0组无显著性差异(P>0. 05);血液指标中,D1、D2、D3组鱼体内葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于D0组(P<0. 05),且D1组显著高于D2、D3组(P<0. 05),D1组甘油三酯(TG)显著高于D0组(P<0. 05),D4组显著低于D0组(P<0. 05),D2、D3组与D0组无显著性差异(P>0. 05);在消化指标的检测中,D4组鱼的前肠脂肪酶(LPS)显著低于D0组(P<0. 05),其他各组与D0组无显著性差异(P<0. 05); D3组鱼的血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活力显著高于D0组和D1、D4组(P<0. 05),其他各组间无显著性差异(P>0. 05); D3组鱼的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力显著高于其他各组(P<0. 05);各组鱼的T-SOD活力与溶菌酶(LZM)活力无显著性差异(P>0. 05)。研究表明:在本试验条件下,自制的4组复方中草药均不同程度地促进了大菱鲆的生长,但在其他指标方面,4组配方中草药作用效果各有所长; D1、D2组复方中草药在提高增重率、降低饲料系数等指标中作用显著,以D2组中草药效果最佳; D4组复方中草药调节血脂作用显著,可显著降低大菱鲆血浆中甘油三酯和胆固醇含量; D3组复方中草药可通过显著提高大菱鲆血清中过氧化物酶活力提高大菱鲆非特异性免疫能力。
Turbot Scophthalmus maximus juveniles weighing 10 g were fed basal diet( D0,as control group) and basal diet supplemented with 2% of Chinese herbal compounds( D1,D2,D3,and D4),prepared by boiling and simmering,containing 16 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines( CHM) including Atractylode smacrocephala,Radix glycyrrhizae,Radix angelicae sinensis,hawthorn,orange peel,wind,Schisandra chinensis and other( CHM) for 8 weeks based on the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese herbal medicine( TCHM),to evaluate the effect of CHM on growth performance and non-specific immunity in turbot. The results showed that there were no significances in weight gain and specific growth rate in groups D1,D3,and D4( P>0.05) compared to those in the control group. However,the fish in group D2 had significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate than the fish in groups D0,D3,and D4 did( P<0.05),with sharp decrease in food conversion ratio( P<0.05). There was significantly higher visceral-somatic ratio in group D1 than in the control group D0( P < 0. 05),without significant difference between the other groups and the control group( P>0.05). The levels of glucose were found to be significantly higher in groups D1,D2 and D3 than that in group D0( P<0.05),and significantly higher in group D1 than that in groups D2 and D3( P<0.05). Compared to the control group,the triglycerides( TG) in plasma was significantly increased in group D1( P<0.05),significantly decreased in group D4( P<0.05),without significant difference in group D2 and group D3( P>0.05). There was lower lipase( LPS) activity in foregut of the fish in group D4 than that in the control one( P<0.05),without significant difference between the other groups and the control group( P>0.05). The juveniles in group D3 had significantly higher activity of alkaline phosphatase than the fish in groups D0,D1 and D4 did( P<0.05),and had significantly higher activity of glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px)than other groups( P<0.05),without significant differences in activities of total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD) and lysozyme( LZM) in plasma among the groups( P>0.05). In conclusion,four kinds of Chinese herbal compounds lead to improve growth of turbot to some extent,with different effects on non-specific immunity. The juveniles groups D1 and D2 had high weight gain and low food conversion ratio,especially in group D2,and the Chinese herbal compounds in group D4 led to reduce significant effect on blood lipids regulating,especially triglyceride and cholesterol content in serum of turbot. The increase in activity of glutathione peroxidase was observed in serum of turbot in group D3.
Turbot Scophthalmus maximus juveniles weighing 10 g were fed basal diet( D0,as control group) and basal diet supplemented with 2% of Chinese herbal compounds( D1,D2,D3,and D4),prepared by boiling and simmering,containing 16 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines( CHM) including Atractylode smacrocephala,Radix glycyrrhizae,Radix angelicae sinensis,hawthorn,orange peel,wind,Schisandra chinensis and other( CHM) for 8 weeks based on the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese herbal medicine( TCHM),to evaluate the effect of CHM on growth performance and non-specific immunity in turbot. The results showed that there were no significances in weight gain and specific growth rate in groups D1,D3,and D4( P>0.05) compared to those in the control group. However,the fish in group D2 had significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate than the fish in groups D0,D3,and D4 did( P<0.05),with sharp decrease in food conversion ratio( P<0.05). There was significantly higher visceral-somatic ratio in group D1 than in the control group D0( P < 0. 05),without significant difference between the other groups and the control group( P>0.05). The levels of glucose were found to be significantly higher in groups D1,D2 and D3 than that in group D0( P<0.05),and significantly higher in group D1 than that in groups D2 and D3( P<0.05). Compared to the control group,the triglycerides( TG) in plasma was significantly increased in group D1( P<0.05),significantly decreased in group D4( P<0.05),without significant difference in group D2 and group D3( P>0.05). There was lower lipase( LPS) activity in foregut of the fish in group D4 than that in the control one( P<0.05),without significant difference between the other groups and the control group( P>0.05). The juveniles in group D3 had significantly higher activity of alkaline phosphatase than the fish in groups D0,D1 and D4 did( P<0.05),and had significantly higher activity of glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px)than other groups( P<0.05),without significant differences in activities of total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD) and lysozyme( LZM) in plasma among the groups( P>0.05). In conclusion,four kinds of Chinese herbal compounds lead to improve growth of turbot to some extent,with different effects on non-specific immunity. The juveniles groups D1 and D2 had high weight gain and low food conversion ratio,especially in group D2,and the Chinese herbal compounds in group D4 led to reduce significant effect on blood lipids regulating,especially triglyceride and cholesterol content in serum of turbot. The increase in activity of glutathione peroxidase was observed in serum of turbot in group D3.
引文
[1]李华,张太娥,李强.复方中草药对大菱鲆非特异性免疫力的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(2):115-120.
[2]雷霁霖,马爱军,陈超,等.大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L)养殖现状与可持续发展[J].中国工程科学,2005,7(5):30-34.
[3] Jian Jichang,Wu Zaohe.Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of large yellow croaker,Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson)[J].Aquaculture,2003,218(1-4):1-9.
[4] Yin Guojun,Jeney G,Racz T,et al. Effect of two Chinese herbs(Astragalus radix and Scutellaria radix)on non-specific immune response of tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus[J]. Aquaculture,2006,253(1-4):39-47.
[5]吕欣荣,肖克宇.中草药在水产养殖病害防治中的应用现状[J].内陆水产,2007(9):29-31.
[6]刘华忠,罗萍,刘定忠.复方中草药对彭泽鲫促生长作用的研究[J].水利渔业,2004,25(1):56-57.
[7]姚红梅,钟蕾,肖克宇.杜仲提取物养殖奥尼鱼的试验[J].养殖与饲料,2005(1):28-31.
[8]胡先勤,侯永清.中草药提取物对鲫鱼生长及体成分的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2005(5):40-41.
[9]郭萍萍,陈增生,胡凡光,等.复合中草药饲料添加剂对大菱鲆生长的影响[J].渔业现代化,2013,40(5):64-68.
[10] Rao Y V,Chakrabarti R.Stimulation of immunity in Indian major carp Catla catla with herbal feed ingredients[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2005,18(4):327-334.
[11] Christybapita D,Divyagnaneswari M,Michael R D.Oral administration of Eclipta alba leaf aqueous extract enhances the non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of Oreochromis mossambicus[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2007,23(4):840-852.
[12]李垚垚,郭冉.黄粉虫粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能的影响[J].河北渔业,2016(5):17-21.
[13]吕景山.施今墨对药[M].3版.北京:人民军医出版社,2005:158.
[14]李东垣.东垣医集[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1993:36.
[15]龚信.古今医鉴[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1997:168.
[16]李新旺,任钧国.枳实白术配伍的实验研究[J].中医研究,2002,15(6):23-25.
[17]季宇彬.中药复方化学与药理[M].北京:人民卫生出版社2003.
[18]王汝俊,王建华,劳绍贤,等.补中益气汤“调理脾胃”药理作用研究—对胃酸、胃蛋白酶分泌的影响[J].中药药理与临床,1988,4(3):16-18.
[19]李顺才.中药添加剂对大菱鲆摄食生长与非特异性免疫影响的研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2007.
[20]蔡中华,陈成勋,邢克智,等.四种中药对鲤鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响[J].天津农学院学报,1998,5(2):31-34.
[21]黄姻,唐章生,林勇,等.低温胁迫对罗非鱼生理生化指标的影响[J].水产科技情报,2012,39(4):193-197.
[22] Mommsen T P,Vijayan M M,Moon T W.Cortisol in teleosts:dynamics,mechanisms of action,and metabolic regulation[J]. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,1999,9(3):211-268.
[23]齐茜,刘洪柏,麦丽开,等.复方中草药对闪光鲟生长及血液生化指标的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(1):160-167.
[24]余伍中,高国胜,何新生.黄芪注射液对肾病综合征血脂及载脂蛋白的影响[J].实用药物与临床,2011,14(3):194-195.
[25]任丽佳,李林,殷放宙,等.五味子抗肿瘤活性成分及作用机制研究进展[J].中国药理学通报,2012,28(1):140-142.
[26] Leong P K,Chiu P Y,Chen Na,et al.Schisandrin B elicits a glutathione antioxidant response and protects against apoptosis via the redox-sensitive ERK/Nrf2 pathway in AML12 hepatocytes[J].Free Radical Research,2011,45(4):483-495.
[2]雷霁霖,马爱军,陈超,等.大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L)养殖现状与可持续发展[J].中国工程科学,2005,7(5):30-34.
[3] Jian Jichang,Wu Zaohe.Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of large yellow croaker,Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson)[J].Aquaculture,2003,218(1-4):1-9.
[4] Yin Guojun,Jeney G,Racz T,et al. Effect of two Chinese herbs(Astragalus radix and Scutellaria radix)on non-specific immune response of tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus[J]. Aquaculture,2006,253(1-4):39-47.
[5]吕欣荣,肖克宇.中草药在水产养殖病害防治中的应用现状[J].内陆水产,2007(9):29-31.
[6]刘华忠,罗萍,刘定忠.复方中草药对彭泽鲫促生长作用的研究[J].水利渔业,2004,25(1):56-57.
[7]姚红梅,钟蕾,肖克宇.杜仲提取物养殖奥尼鱼的试验[J].养殖与饲料,2005(1):28-31.
[8]胡先勤,侯永清.中草药提取物对鲫鱼生长及体成分的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2005(5):40-41.
[9]郭萍萍,陈增生,胡凡光,等.复合中草药饲料添加剂对大菱鲆生长的影响[J].渔业现代化,2013,40(5):64-68.
[10] Rao Y V,Chakrabarti R.Stimulation of immunity in Indian major carp Catla catla with herbal feed ingredients[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2005,18(4):327-334.
[11] Christybapita D,Divyagnaneswari M,Michael R D.Oral administration of Eclipta alba leaf aqueous extract enhances the non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of Oreochromis mossambicus[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2007,23(4):840-852.
[12]李垚垚,郭冉.黄粉虫粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能的影响[J].河北渔业,2016(5):17-21.
[13]吕景山.施今墨对药[M].3版.北京:人民军医出版社,2005:158.
[14]李东垣.东垣医集[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1993:36.
[15]龚信.古今医鉴[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1997:168.
[16]李新旺,任钧国.枳实白术配伍的实验研究[J].中医研究,2002,15(6):23-25.
[17]季宇彬.中药复方化学与药理[M].北京:人民卫生出版社2003.
[18]王汝俊,王建华,劳绍贤,等.补中益气汤“调理脾胃”药理作用研究—对胃酸、胃蛋白酶分泌的影响[J].中药药理与临床,1988,4(3):16-18.
[19]李顺才.中药添加剂对大菱鲆摄食生长与非特异性免疫影响的研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2007.
[20]蔡中华,陈成勋,邢克智,等.四种中药对鲤鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响[J].天津农学院学报,1998,5(2):31-34.
[21]黄姻,唐章生,林勇,等.低温胁迫对罗非鱼生理生化指标的影响[J].水产科技情报,2012,39(4):193-197.
[22] Mommsen T P,Vijayan M M,Moon T W.Cortisol in teleosts:dynamics,mechanisms of action,and metabolic regulation[J]. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,1999,9(3):211-268.
[23]齐茜,刘洪柏,麦丽开,等.复方中草药对闪光鲟生长及血液生化指标的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(1):160-167.
[24]余伍中,高国胜,何新生.黄芪注射液对肾病综合征血脂及载脂蛋白的影响[J].实用药物与临床,2011,14(3):194-195.
[25]任丽佳,李林,殷放宙,等.五味子抗肿瘤活性成分及作用机制研究进展[J].中国药理学通报,2012,28(1):140-142.
[26] Leong P K,Chiu P Y,Chen Na,et al.Schisandrin B elicits a glutathione antioxidant response and protects against apoptosis via the redox-sensitive ERK/Nrf2 pathway in AML12 hepatocytes[J].Free Radical Research,2011,45(4):483-495.