低鱼粉饲料添加枯草芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、非特异性免疫力及抗病力的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究低鱼粉饲料添加枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾生长性能、血清非特异性免疫酶活性、肝胰腺非特异性免疫酶mRNA表达及抗病力的影响。选取840尾初始均重为(0.40±0.01) g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾为研究对象,随机分为7组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾。7组对虾分别投喂在低鱼粉饲料(含10%鱼粉)添加0(对照)、0.10%、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%和1.25%枯草芽孢杆菌(活菌数为1.0×108CFU/mL)的试验饲料,养殖期为8周。结果显示:0.10%组增重率(WGR)与特定生长率(SGR)与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),其余各组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);当枯草芽孢杆菌添加量为0.75%时,饲料系数(FCR)最低,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),而蛋白质效率(PER)的变化规律则与饲料系数相反。血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酚氧化物酶(PO)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性随枯草芽孢杆菌添加量的增加先升高后降低,分别在添加量为1.00%、1.00%、0.50%和0.75%时获得最高值。各添加组血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且二者均在枯草芽孢杆菌添加量为0.75%有最高值。各添加组肝胰腺中过氧化氢酶mRNA相对表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.50%、0.75%、1.00%和1.50%组肝胰腺中溶菌酶mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。经哈维氏弧菌攻毒试验96 h后,凡纳滨对虾幼虾的累积存活率随枯草芽孢杆菌添加量的增加先升高后趋于稳定,具体表现为0.50%、0.75%、1.00%和1.50%组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.10%和0.25%组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此得出,在低鱼粉饲料中添加适量的枯草芽孢杆菌可促进凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长,提高非特异性免疫力和抗病力。以增重率为判断依据,通过折线模型分析得出低鱼粉饲料(鱼粉含量为10%)中添加0. 73%的枯草芽孢杆菌(活菌数为1. 0×108CFU/mL)时促生长效果最佳。
The effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on growth performance,serum non-specific immune enzyme activities,hepatopancreas non-specific immune enzyme mRNA expression and disease resistance of juvenile Litopeneaus vannamei under low fish meal diet were studied in this experiment. Eight hundred and forty healthy juvenile Litopeneaus vannamei with an average body weight of( 0.40±0.01) g were randomly divided into 7 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. The shrimp in the 7 group were fed a low fish meal diet( contained 10% fish meal) and supplemented with Bacillus subtilis( the viable count was 1. 0 ×108 CFU/mL) of 0( control),0.10%,0.25%,0.50%,0.75%,1.00% and 1.25%,respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain rate( WGR) and specific growth rate( SGR) in 0.10% group was not significantly different compared with control group( P>0.05),but they were in other groups were significantly higher than those in control group( P < 0. 05). The feed conversion ratio( FCR) reached the lowest at the 0.75% supplemental level,which was significantly lower than that in other groups( P<0.05),but the change tendency of protein efficiency ratio( PER) was contrary to the FCR. The activities of acid phosphatase( ACP),catalase( CAT),phenol oxide( PO) and lysozyme( LZM) in serum increased firstly and then decreased with the Bacillus subtilis supplemental level increasing,and they had the highest values at 1.00%,1.00%,0.50% and 0.75% supplemental levels,respectively. The activities of alkaline phosphatase( AKP) and superoxide dismutase( SOD) in serum in supplemental groups were significantly higher than those in control group( P<0.05),and both of them had the highest values in 0.75% group. The mRNA relative expression level of CAT in hepatopancreas in supplemental groups was significantly higher than that in control group( P<0.05),and the mRNA relative expression level of LZM in hepatopancreas in 0.50%,0.75%,1.00% and 1.50% groups was significantly higher than that in control group( P<0.05). The cumulative survival rate after 96 h challenged with Vibrio harveyi increased firstly and then trended to stable with the Bacillus subtilis supplemental level increasing,and it in 0.50%,0.75%,1.00% and 1.50% groups was significantly higher than that in control group( P < 0. 05),but it in 0. 10% and 0. 25% groups had no significant difference compared with control group( P>0.05). It is concluded that the suitable amount of Bacillus subtilis adding in the low fish meal diet can promote the growth of Litopeneaus vannamei and increase its non-specific immunity and disease resistance. On the basis of WGR,according to the broken line model,the growth promoting effect is the best when adding 0.73% Bacillus subtilis( the viable count is 1.0×108 CFU/mL) in the low fish meal diet( contained 10% fish meal).[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2212-2221]
The effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on growth performance,serum non-specific immune enzyme activities,hepatopancreas non-specific immune enzyme mRNA expression and disease resistance of juvenile Litopeneaus vannamei under low fish meal diet were studied in this experiment. Eight hundred and forty healthy juvenile Litopeneaus vannamei with an average body weight of( 0.40±0.01) g were randomly divided into 7 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. The shrimp in the 7 group were fed a low fish meal diet( contained 10% fish meal) and supplemented with Bacillus subtilis( the viable count was 1. 0 ×108 CFU/mL) of 0( control),0.10%,0.25%,0.50%,0.75%,1.00% and 1.25%,respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain rate( WGR) and specific growth rate( SGR) in 0.10% group was not significantly different compared with control group( P>0.05),but they were in other groups were significantly higher than those in control group( P < 0. 05). The feed conversion ratio( FCR) reached the lowest at the 0.75% supplemental level,which was significantly lower than that in other groups( P<0.05),but the change tendency of protein efficiency ratio( PER) was contrary to the FCR. The activities of acid phosphatase( ACP),catalase( CAT),phenol oxide( PO) and lysozyme( LZM) in serum increased firstly and then decreased with the Bacillus subtilis supplemental level increasing,and they had the highest values at 1.00%,1.00%,0.50% and 0.75% supplemental levels,respectively. The activities of alkaline phosphatase( AKP) and superoxide dismutase( SOD) in serum in supplemental groups were significantly higher than those in control group( P<0.05),and both of them had the highest values in 0.75% group. The mRNA relative expression level of CAT in hepatopancreas in supplemental groups was significantly higher than that in control group( P<0.05),and the mRNA relative expression level of LZM in hepatopancreas in 0.50%,0.75%,1.00% and 1.50% groups was significantly higher than that in control group( P<0.05). The cumulative survival rate after 96 h challenged with Vibrio harveyi increased firstly and then trended to stable with the Bacillus subtilis supplemental level increasing,and it in 0.50%,0.75%,1.00% and 1.50% groups was significantly higher than that in control group( P < 0. 05),but it in 0. 10% and 0. 25% groups had no significant difference compared with control group( P>0.05). It is concluded that the suitable amount of Bacillus subtilis adding in the low fish meal diet can promote the growth of Litopeneaus vannamei and increase its non-specific immunity and disease resistance. On the basis of WGR,according to the broken line model,the growth promoting effect is the best when adding 0.73% Bacillus subtilis( the viable count is 1.0×108 CFU/mL) in the low fish meal diet( contained 10% fish meal).[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2212-2221]
引文
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