森林经营单位级碳储量动态变化研究——以广西热林中心为例
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摘要
中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心从2008年开始进行人工林近自然经营,为了评价经营效果对森林固碳能力的影响,以热林中心2011年、2013年、2015年对238块系统抽样样地数据为基础,采用现有的生物量方程和碳转换系数乔木林碳储量进行估算。结果表明,乔木林碳储量由2011年的605826.95t增加到2015年的721 847.04 t,年平均增加29 005.02 t,碳密度由2011年的35.94 t·hm~(-2)增加到2015年的42.34 t·hm~(-2),但仍小于全国和世界的平均数。针叶林碳储量高于阔叶林,由2 011年的413 753.07 t增加至2015年的479 611.05 t,年均增加16 464.50 t,栎类的增长幅度最大,年均增长率64.00%,碳储量最大的树种是马尾松,占总碳储量的62.92%。证明近自然经营能够有效促进森林固碳能力。
Estimation was made on carbon stocks by biomass regression model and parameters of arbors in Experimental Center which was managed near-nature in Guangxi based on data of 238 systematic sampling plots in 2011, 2013 and 2015. The results showed that carbon stocks increased from 605 826.95 t in 2011 to 721 847.04 t in 2015. The average carbon density increased from 35.94 t·hm~(-2) in 2011 to 42.34 t·hm~(-2) in 2015, but still less than the national and world means. Carbon stocks of coniferous forest were higher than those of broad-leaved forest, which increased from 413 753.07 t in 2011 to 479 611.05 t in 2015. Quercus had greatest increase range of carbon stocks in broad-leaf trees, with an annual growth rate of 64.00%. Pinus massoniana had the largest carbon stocks, accounting for 62.92% of the total.
Estimation was made on carbon stocks by biomass regression model and parameters of arbors in Experimental Center which was managed near-nature in Guangxi based on data of 238 systematic sampling plots in 2011, 2013 and 2015. The results showed that carbon stocks increased from 605 826.95 t in 2011 to 721 847.04 t in 2015. The average carbon density increased from 35.94 t·hm~(-2) in 2011 to 42.34 t·hm~(-2) in 2015, but still less than the national and world means. Carbon stocks of coniferous forest were higher than those of broad-leaved forest, which increased from 413 753.07 t in 2011 to 479 611.05 t in 2015. Quercus had greatest increase range of carbon stocks in broad-leaf trees, with an annual growth rate of 64.00%. Pinus massoniana had the largest carbon stocks, accounting for 62.92% of the total.
引文
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[28]汪珍川,杜虎,宋同清,等.广西主要树种(组)异速生长模型及森林生物量特征[J].生态学报,2015(13):4462-4472.
[29]李海奎.中国森林植被生物量和碳储量评估[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010,48-50
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[31]刘国华,方精云.中国森林碳动态及其对全球碳平衡的贡献[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):733-740.
[32]周玉荣,于振良,赵士洞.我国主要森林生态系统碳贮量和碳平衡[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(5):518-522.
[33]王璟睿,仵宏基,孙昕,等.广东省森林碳储量与动态变化[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(1):18-22.
[34]徐强.广西平桂管理区森林植被碳储量估测与特征分析[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2012,49
[35]张涛,罗于洋,王树森,等.近自然经营方式对不同林龄油松人工林碳储量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(2):40-45.
[36] NAEEM S,H?KANSSON K,LAWTON J H,et al. Biodiversity and Plant Productivity in a Model Assemblage of Plant Species[J]. Oikos,1996,76(2):259-264.
[37] LIANG J,CROWTHER T W,PICARD N,et al. Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests[J]. Science,2016,354(6309):aaf8957.
[38]洪彦军.小陇山林区人工林近自然森林经营模式试验成效分析[J].甘肃科技,2009,25(5):133-135.
[39] KOCHENDERFER J D,ZEDAKER S M,JOHNSON J E,et al. Herbicide hardwood crop tree release in central West Virginia[J]. N J App For,1999,46(18):46-54.
[40] SCHULER T M. Crop Tree Release Improves Competitiveness of Northern Red Oak Growing in Association with Black Cherry[J]. N J App For,2006,23(2):77-82.
[41] WARD J S. Crop Tree Release Increases Growth of Mature Red Oak Sawtimber[J]. N J App For,2002,19(4):149-154.
[42]王懿祥.人工马尾松和杉木林目标树经营理论与实践[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2012,112-123
[43]刘宪钊.热带海岸木麻黄人工林近自然经营模式研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011,102-103.
[2] MENG J,LU Y,ZENG J. Transformation of a Degraded Pinus massoniana Plantation into a Mixed-Species Irregular Forest:Impacts on Stand Structure and Growth in Southern China[J]. Forests,2014,5(12):3199-3221.
[3]孙丽娜,范晓辉,王孟本.山西森林植被碳储量空间分布格局[J].山西大学学报:自然科学版,2018,41(1):226-232.
[4] DAVIS L S. Forest Management:To Sustain Ecological, Economic, and Social Values[J]. Estudio Fao Montes,2001:575-646.
[5] COLOMBO S J,PARKER W C,LUCKAI N,et al. The effects of forest management on carbon storage in Ontario's forests[J]. Clim Chang Res Rep,2005.
[6] WINJUM J K,DIXON R K,SCHROEDER P E. Forest management and carbon storage:An analysis of 12 key forest nations[J]. Water Air Soil Pollut,1993,70(1-4):239-257.
[7]陆元昌.近自然森林经营的理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2006,4-5.
[8]孟京辉,陆元昌,王懿祥,等.海南白沙2类退化天然次生林的森林发展类型[J].林业科学,2011(08):44-52.
[9]邵青还.对近自然林业理论的诠释和对我国林业建设的几项建议[J].世界林业研究,2003,16(6):1-5.
[10]陆晓明.马尾松人工林近自然化改造对物种多样性及生物量的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2014:18-44.
[11]罗应华,孙冬婧,林建勇,等.马尾松人工林近自然化改造对植物自然更新及物种多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2013(19):6154-6162.
[12]王霞.马尾松人工林近自然化改造初期效果分析研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013:76-77
[13]朱宏光,陆晓明,温远光,等.马尾松人工林近自然化改造对林分生长的影响[J].广西科学,2014(5):477-483.
[14]蓝嘉川.南亚热带杉木人工林近自然化改造对林分生物量及物种多样性的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2014,42-43.
[15]孙冬婧,温远光,罗应华,等.近自然化改造对杉木人工林物种多样性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(2):202-208.
[16]张命军,薛思蕾,刘婷岩.带岭林业局落叶松人工纯林近自然化改造对林下植物多样性的影响[C]//中国林业青年学术年会. 2010.
[17]张象君,王庆成,王石磊,等.小兴安岭落叶松人工纯林近自然化改造对林下植物多样性的影响[J].林业科学,2011,47(1):6-14.
[18]蔡年辉,李根前,陆元昌.云南松纯林近自然化改造的探讨[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(4):85-88.
[19]束传林,黄永祥,蔡年辉,等.云南松林近自然化采伐的改造效果[J].陕西林业科技,2007(2):14-17.
[20]张俊艳,陆元昌,成克武,等.近自然改造对云南松人工林群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2010,33(3):72-77.
[21]宁金魁,陆元昌,赵浩彦,等.北京西山地区油松人工林近自然化改造效果评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(7):42-44.
[22]修勤绪.中国北方油松人工林结构分析和近自然改造林分作业体系设计[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2009,51-52
[23] FANG J,CHEN A,PENG C,et al. Changes in Forest Biomass Carbon Storage in China Between 1949 and 1998[J]. Science,2001,292(5525):2320-2322.
[24] LEHTONEN A,M?KIP??R,HEIKKINEN J,et al. Biomass expansion factors(BEFs)for Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch according to stand age for boreal forests[J]. For Ecol Manag,2004,188(1-3):211-224.
[25] SHVIDENKO A,Nilsson S. Dynamics of Russian Forests and the Carbon Budget in 1961-1998:An Assessment Based on Long-Term Forest Inventory Data[J]. Climat Chang,2002,55(1-2):5-37.
[26]王效科,冯宗炜,欧阳志云.中国森林生态系统的植物碳储量和碳密度研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(1):13-16.
[27]赵敏,周广胜.基于森林资源清查资料的生物量估算模式及其发展趋势[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(8):1468-1472.
[28]汪珍川,杜虎,宋同清,等.广西主要树种(组)异速生长模型及森林生物量特征[J].生态学报,2015(13):4462-4472.
[29]李海奎.中国森林植被生物量和碳储量评估[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010,48-50
[30]韩明臣,梁玉莲.基于连清数据的广西森林碳储量动态变化研究[J].林业资源管理,2015(6):111-116,122.
[31]刘国华,方精云.中国森林碳动态及其对全球碳平衡的贡献[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):733-740.
[32]周玉荣,于振良,赵士洞.我国主要森林生态系统碳贮量和碳平衡[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(5):518-522.
[33]王璟睿,仵宏基,孙昕,等.广东省森林碳储量与动态变化[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(1):18-22.
[34]徐强.广西平桂管理区森林植被碳储量估测与特征分析[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2012,49
[35]张涛,罗于洋,王树森,等.近自然经营方式对不同林龄油松人工林碳储量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(2):40-45.
[36] NAEEM S,H?KANSSON K,LAWTON J H,et al. Biodiversity and Plant Productivity in a Model Assemblage of Plant Species[J]. Oikos,1996,76(2):259-264.
[37] LIANG J,CROWTHER T W,PICARD N,et al. Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests[J]. Science,2016,354(6309):aaf8957.
[38]洪彦军.小陇山林区人工林近自然森林经营模式试验成效分析[J].甘肃科技,2009,25(5):133-135.
[39] KOCHENDERFER J D,ZEDAKER S M,JOHNSON J E,et al. Herbicide hardwood crop tree release in central West Virginia[J]. N J App For,1999,46(18):46-54.
[40] SCHULER T M. Crop Tree Release Improves Competitiveness of Northern Red Oak Growing in Association with Black Cherry[J]. N J App For,2006,23(2):77-82.
[41] WARD J S. Crop Tree Release Increases Growth of Mature Red Oak Sawtimber[J]. N J App For,2002,19(4):149-154.
[42]王懿祥.人工马尾松和杉木林目标树经营理论与实践[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2012,112-123
[43]刘宪钊.热带海岸木麻黄人工林近自然经营模式研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011,102-103.