家庭农场土地流转集中的困境与对策
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摘要
现阶段实现家庭农场土地适度规模集中的主要途径是土地流转,但是通过土地流转集中起来的规模化土地对家庭农场生存和发展的适宜度还有待考量。该适宜度可采用片数和质量、速度和持续时间、用地成本、权利清晰度、规模大小等关键性指标来衡量。基于以上指标,在家庭农场前期介入、集中土地阶段,会遭遇到集中连片土地难、农户不愿意转出土地而形成的"钉子户"、农户选择性流转土地、土地流转期限短等问题;在家庭农场正常运营阶段,会遭遇到农户单方面提高土地流转价格、农户选择中途违约或期限届满不续约、农地权利不清晰所造成的家庭农场土地被征收时补偿分配混乱等问题;在家庭农场退出、破产而放弃土地规模化经营阶段,会遭遇到家庭农场经营者违约退地、家庭农场规模化土地的再转让、家庭农场资产清算与债务清偿等问题。破解家庭农场各阶段在土地集中上遇到的瓶颈和障碍,应从明晰农地产权、创新农地权利流转模式、构建家庭农场经营者与农户之间的利益共同体等几方面着手,以达到降低家庭农场土地集中交易成本、用地成本,缩短交易时间以及提高农户流转农地权利期限等综合效果。
At the current stage,the main way to achieve the concentration of land of family farms is through land transference,but the satisfaction of the scale of land that is concentrated by land transference to the development of family farms needs to be measured.Specifically,the quantity and quality,speed and duration,cost of land,right clarity,size and other key indicators to measure,Based on the key indicators for the evaluation of the concentration effects of family farms,in the early stage of family farms to concentrate land,family farmers will encounter problems such as the difficulty of land concentration,the"nail house"formed by farmers who are unwilling to transfer out the land,the selective land transference of farmers,and short duration of land transference;at the normal operation stage after land concentration,the family farmers will encounter problems such as(1)farmers unilaterally increase land transfer prices;(2)"nail house"appear on large-scale land,because farmers choose to default in the middle of the contract or expire the term without renewing the contract;(3)distribution confusion of land acquisition compensation income caused by unclear farmland rights.when the family farm exits or goes bankrupt and gives up large-scale operation of the land,it will encounter problems such as(1)returning the land ti farmers against the contract;(2)re-transference of large-scale land;(3)asset liquidation and debt settlement.In order to solve the bottlenecks and obstacles encountered in various stages of family farms,achieve a comprehensive effect of reducing transaction costs,difficulty and time of land concentration of family farms,the cost of land use,and increasing the length of land transference,this paper puts forward some targeted countermeasures and suggestions from "rural land system reform,clarify farmland property rights","innovative farmland rights transfer mode","build a community of interests between family farm operators and farmers".
At the current stage,the main way to achieve the concentration of land of family farms is through land transference,but the satisfaction of the scale of land that is concentrated by land transference to the development of family farms needs to be measured.Specifically,the quantity and quality,speed and duration,cost of land,right clarity,size and other key indicators to measure,Based on the key indicators for the evaluation of the concentration effects of family farms,in the early stage of family farms to concentrate land,family farmers will encounter problems such as the difficulty of land concentration,the"nail house"formed by farmers who are unwilling to transfer out the land,the selective land transference of farmers,and short duration of land transference;at the normal operation stage after land concentration,the family farmers will encounter problems such as(1)farmers unilaterally increase land transfer prices;(2)"nail house"appear on large-scale land,because farmers choose to default in the middle of the contract or expire the term without renewing the contract;(3)distribution confusion of land acquisition compensation income caused by unclear farmland rights.when the family farm exits or goes bankrupt and gives up large-scale operation of the land,it will encounter problems such as(1)returning the land ti farmers against the contract;(2)re-transference of large-scale land;(3)asset liquidation and debt settlement.In order to solve the bottlenecks and obstacles encountered in various stages of family farms,achieve a comprehensive effect of reducing transaction costs,difficulty and time of land concentration of family farms,the cost of land use,and increasing the length of land transference,this paper puts forward some targeted countermeasures and suggestions from "rural land system reform,clarify farmland property rights","innovative farmland rights transfer mode","build a community of interests between family farm operators and farmers".
引文
[1] 马佳.城乡一体化进程中家庭农场适度规模经营研究[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2017:1.
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[3] 施国庆,伊庆山.现代家庭农场的准确认识、实施困境及对策[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2015,15(2):135-139.
[4] 石言弟.家庭农场:农业现代化的现实选择[J].江苏农村经济,2013(7):16-18.
[5] 吴晓华.家庭农场:农业生产经营体制转变的目标模式[J].经济改革与发展,1997(10):46-50.
[6] 许莹.简论家庭农场[J].河南科技大学学报(社会科学版),2006,24(5):85-87.
[7] 孙葆春,牟少岩.家庭农场适度规模发展公平视阈的内涵及特点[J].改革与战略,2015,31(3):85-88.
[8] 刘新卫,汤怀志,梁梦茵,等.基于土地政策视角的家庭农场研究[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(2):234-238.
[9] 郭熙保.“三化”同步与家庭农场为主体的农业规模化经营[J].社会科学研究,2013(3):14-19.
[10] 王贻术,林子华.土地集体所有制下的家庭农场生产经营方式研究[J].福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2013(7):29-33.
[11] 高帆,张文景.中国语境中的“家庭农场”[J].探索与争鸣,2013(6):57-61.
[12] 伍开群.家庭农场的理论分析[J].经济纵横,2013(6):65-59.
[13] 何郑涛,彭珏.家庭农场契约合作模式的选择机理研究——基于交易成本、利益分配机制、风险偏好及环境相容的解释[J].农村经济,2015(6):14-20.
[14] 弓圆.家庭农场建设须从全局统筹协调[J].中国商贸,2013(20):186.
[15] 黄延廷.我国农地规模经营中家庭农场优势的理论分析[J].改革与战略,2011,27(5):81-84.
[16] Theodora W Schultz.Transforming Traditional Agriculture[M].New Haven:Yale University Press,1964.
[17] Sen A K.Peasants and Dualism With or Without Surplus Labour[J].Journal of Political Economy,1966,74(5):425-450.
[18] Saini G R.Holding Size,Productivity and Some Related Aspects of Indian Agriculture[J].Economic and Political Weekly,1971(26):79-85.
[19] Bardhan P K.Size,Productivity and Returns to Scale:An Analysis of Farm-level Data in Indian Agriculture[J].Journal of Political Economy,1973,81(6):1 370-1 386.
[20] 郑风田.中国式家庭农场,须精心谋划[J].农村工作通讯,2013(5):42.
[21] 黄宗智.“家庭农场”是中国农业的发展出路吗?[J].开放时代,2014(2):176-193.
[22] Allen,Douglas W,Lueck D.Family Farm Inc[J].Choices:The Magazine of Food,Farm,and Resource Issues,2000,15(1):13-17.
[23] 四川省社会科学院课题组.农业转型背景下家庭农场的分析与判断——基于四川省135个家庭农场的问卷调查[J].农村经济,2015(12):3-8.
[24] 李宇飞.促进我国家庭农场发育与发展问题研究——基于山东省诸城市家庭农场典型模式的调查[D].烟台:烟台大学,2014.
[25] 王光全.中国家庭农场模式初探[J].理论与当代,2013(4):39-42.
[26] 李继刚.中国家庭农场发展创新路径[J].理论月刊,2017(8):129-133.
[27] 刘灵辉,郑耀群.家庭农场土地适度规模集中的实现机制研究[J].中州学刊,2016(6):37-43.
[28] 刘灵辉,郑耀群.家庭农场土地征收补偿问题研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(11):76-82.
[29] Wei Hu.Household Land Tenure Reform in China:Its Impact on Farming Land Use and Agro-environment.[J].Land Use Policy,1997,14(3):175-186.
[30] 刘灵辉.土地承包关系“长久不变”政策的模糊性与实现形式研究[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,15(6):107-140.
[31] 高强,刘同山,孔祥智.家庭农场的制度解析:特征、发生机制与效应[J].经济学家,2013(6):48-56.
[32] 夏柱智.家庭农场:现状、挑战与启示——对安徽繁昌县平镇的实证调查[J].中共宁波市委党校学报,2014,36(4):92-99.
[33] 赵培尧.农村土地流转中的行政干预之法律规制[J].农村经济,2010(4):29-33.
[34] 杜志雄,王新志.加快家庭农场发展的思考与建议[J].中国合作经济,2013(8):35-39.
[35] 齐蘅,吴玲.中国农村土地制度变迁的历史溯源与现实观照[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2017,38(3):72-77.
[2] 董亚珍,鲍海军.家庭农场将成为中国农业微观组织的重要形式[J].社会科学战线,2009(10):95-98.
[3] 施国庆,伊庆山.现代家庭农场的准确认识、实施困境及对策[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2015,15(2):135-139.
[4] 石言弟.家庭农场:农业现代化的现实选择[J].江苏农村经济,2013(7):16-18.
[5] 吴晓华.家庭农场:农业生产经营体制转变的目标模式[J].经济改革与发展,1997(10):46-50.
[6] 许莹.简论家庭农场[J].河南科技大学学报(社会科学版),2006,24(5):85-87.
[7] 孙葆春,牟少岩.家庭农场适度规模发展公平视阈的内涵及特点[J].改革与战略,2015,31(3):85-88.
[8] 刘新卫,汤怀志,梁梦茵,等.基于土地政策视角的家庭农场研究[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(2):234-238.
[9] 郭熙保.“三化”同步与家庭农场为主体的农业规模化经营[J].社会科学研究,2013(3):14-19.
[10] 王贻术,林子华.土地集体所有制下的家庭农场生产经营方式研究[J].福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2013(7):29-33.
[11] 高帆,张文景.中国语境中的“家庭农场”[J].探索与争鸣,2013(6):57-61.
[12] 伍开群.家庭农场的理论分析[J].经济纵横,2013(6):65-59.
[13] 何郑涛,彭珏.家庭农场契约合作模式的选择机理研究——基于交易成本、利益分配机制、风险偏好及环境相容的解释[J].农村经济,2015(6):14-20.
[14] 弓圆.家庭农场建设须从全局统筹协调[J].中国商贸,2013(20):186.
[15] 黄延廷.我国农地规模经营中家庭农场优势的理论分析[J].改革与战略,2011,27(5):81-84.
[16] Theodora W Schultz.Transforming Traditional Agriculture[M].New Haven:Yale University Press,1964.
[17] Sen A K.Peasants and Dualism With or Without Surplus Labour[J].Journal of Political Economy,1966,74(5):425-450.
[18] Saini G R.Holding Size,Productivity and Some Related Aspects of Indian Agriculture[J].Economic and Political Weekly,1971(26):79-85.
[19] Bardhan P K.Size,Productivity and Returns to Scale:An Analysis of Farm-level Data in Indian Agriculture[J].Journal of Political Economy,1973,81(6):1 370-1 386.
[20] 郑风田.中国式家庭农场,须精心谋划[J].农村工作通讯,2013(5):42.
[21] 黄宗智.“家庭农场”是中国农业的发展出路吗?[J].开放时代,2014(2):176-193.
[22] Allen,Douglas W,Lueck D.Family Farm Inc[J].Choices:The Magazine of Food,Farm,and Resource Issues,2000,15(1):13-17.
[23] 四川省社会科学院课题组.农业转型背景下家庭农场的分析与判断——基于四川省135个家庭农场的问卷调查[J].农村经济,2015(12):3-8.
[24] 李宇飞.促进我国家庭农场发育与发展问题研究——基于山东省诸城市家庭农场典型模式的调查[D].烟台:烟台大学,2014.
[25] 王光全.中国家庭农场模式初探[J].理论与当代,2013(4):39-42.
[26] 李继刚.中国家庭农场发展创新路径[J].理论月刊,2017(8):129-133.
[27] 刘灵辉,郑耀群.家庭农场土地适度规模集中的实现机制研究[J].中州学刊,2016(6):37-43.
[28] 刘灵辉,郑耀群.家庭农场土地征收补偿问题研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(11):76-82.
[29] Wei Hu.Household Land Tenure Reform in China:Its Impact on Farming Land Use and Agro-environment.[J].Land Use Policy,1997,14(3):175-186.
[30] 刘灵辉.土地承包关系“长久不变”政策的模糊性与实现形式研究[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,15(6):107-140.
[31] 高强,刘同山,孔祥智.家庭农场的制度解析:特征、发生机制与效应[J].经济学家,2013(6):48-56.
[32] 夏柱智.家庭农场:现状、挑战与启示——对安徽繁昌县平镇的实证调查[J].中共宁波市委党校学报,2014,36(4):92-99.
[33] 赵培尧.农村土地流转中的行政干预之法律规制[J].农村经济,2010(4):29-33.
[34] 杜志雄,王新志.加快家庭农场发展的思考与建议[J].中国合作经济,2013(8):35-39.
[35] 齐蘅,吴玲.中国农村土地制度变迁的历史溯源与现实观照[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2017,38(3):72-77.