高校扩招背景下城乡居民高等教育机会考察——基于CHNS数据的经验分析
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摘要
采用CHNS数据,运用logit模型,考察了高校扩招背景下居民高等教育机会平等性。发现高校扩招虽然整体促进高等教育数量机会增加,但居民对质量机会竞争更加激烈。城乡居民高等教育机会不平等,其中质量机会不平等尤为突出,高校扩招对此具有推波助澜作用。占据文化资源、经济资源和社会资源优势以及较高职业类型的家庭,其子女在上大学数量和质量上都明显占优,而高校扩招并未改变这一局面,在有些方面反有固化和加剧现象。在高等教育机会上女性比男性占优,家庭子女人数与高等教育机会负相关,高校扩招政策对此无显著影响。
Based on CNHS data,using Logit Model. The equality of higher education opportunities for residents is studied under the background of college enrollment. It is found that the college enrollment increases the number of higher education opportunities,but more intense competition in quality opportunities.Urban and rural residents higher education opportunities are not equal,and the quality of inequality is particularly prominent,meanwhile,college enrollment has increased Urban-Rural Inequality of opportunity,and the quality of unequal opportunities are more. Occupying the cultural resources,economic resources and social resources and higher vocational type,the children are obviously dominant in the quantity and quality of university opportunities,and the expansion of colleges and universities did not change this situation,in some areas but increased. Women are more dominant than men in higher education opportunities,and the number of family children is negatively related to higher education opportunities.
Based on CNHS data,using Logit Model. The equality of higher education opportunities for residents is studied under the background of college enrollment. It is found that the college enrollment increases the number of higher education opportunities,but more intense competition in quality opportunities.Urban and rural residents higher education opportunities are not equal,and the quality of inequality is particularly prominent,meanwhile,college enrollment has increased Urban-Rural Inequality of opportunity,and the quality of unequal opportunities are more. Occupying the cultural resources,economic resources and social resources and higher vocational type,the children are obviously dominant in the quantity and quality of university opportunities,and the expansion of colleges and universities did not change this situation,in some areas but increased. Women are more dominant than men in higher education opportunities,and the number of family children is negatively related to higher education opportunities.
引文
(1)Deng Z,Treiman D J.The impact of the cultural revolution on trends in educational attainment in the people's republic of china 1[J].American Journal of Sociology,1997,103(2):391-428.
(1)Raftery A E,Hout M.Maximally maintained inequality:Expansion,reform,and opportunity in Irish education,1921-75[J].Sociology of education,1993:41-62.
(2)Lucas S R.Effectively Maintained Inequality:Education Transitions,Track Mobility,and Social Background Effects1[J].American journal of sociology,2001,106(6):1642-1690.
(3)Bourdieu P.Cultural reproduction and social reproduction[J].1973.;Bourdieu and Passeron J,1990 Bourdieu P,Passeron J C.Reproduction in education,society and culture[M].Sage,1990.
(4)Coleman J S.Social capital in the creation of human capital[J].American journal of sociology,1988:S95-S120.
(1)Simkus A,Andorka R.Inequalities in educational attainment in Hungary,1923-1973[J].American Sociological Review,1982:740-751.
(2)Whyte M K.Inequality and stratification in China[J].The China Quarterly,1975,64:684-711.
(3)Parish W L.Destratification in China[J].Class and social stratification in post-revolution China,1984:84-120.
(4)Deng Z,Treiman D J.The impact of the cultural revolution on trends in educational attainment in the people's republic of china 1[J].American Journal of Sociology,1997,103(2):391-428.
(5)李春玲:《社会政治变迁与教育机会不平等》,《中国社会科学》2003年第3期,第86-98页。
(6)梁晨等:《无声的革命:北京大学与苏州大学学生社会来源研究(1952-2002)》,《中国社会科学》2012年第1期,第98-118页。
(7)李春玲:《“80后”的教育经历与机会不平等---兼评〈无声的革命〉》,《中国社会科学》2014年第4期,第66-77页。
(8)罗立祝:《高校招生考试制度对城乡子女高等教育入学机会差异的影响》,《高等教育研究》2011年第1期,第32-41页。
(1)王朝明、马文武:《城乡教育均衡发展、城乡收入差距与新型城镇化的关系》,《财经科学》2014年第8期,第97-108页。
(1)李春玲:《高等教育扩张与教育机会不平等---高校扩招的平等化效应考查》,《社会学研究》2010年第3期,第101-102页。
(1)Raftery A E,Hout M.Maximally maintained inequality:Expansion,reform,and opportunity in Irish education,1921-75[J].Sociology of education,1993:41-62.
(2)Lucas S R.Effectively Maintained Inequality:Education Transitions,Track Mobility,and Social Background Effects1[J].American journal of sociology,2001,106(6):1642-1690.
(3)Bourdieu P.Cultural reproduction and social reproduction[J].1973.;Bourdieu and Passeron J,1990 Bourdieu P,Passeron J C.Reproduction in education,society and culture[M].Sage,1990.
(4)Coleman J S.Social capital in the creation of human capital[J].American journal of sociology,1988:S95-S120.
(1)Simkus A,Andorka R.Inequalities in educational attainment in Hungary,1923-1973[J].American Sociological Review,1982:740-751.
(2)Whyte M K.Inequality and stratification in China[J].The China Quarterly,1975,64:684-711.
(3)Parish W L.Destratification in China[J].Class and social stratification in post-revolution China,1984:84-120.
(4)Deng Z,Treiman D J.The impact of the cultural revolution on trends in educational attainment in the people's republic of china 1[J].American Journal of Sociology,1997,103(2):391-428.
(5)李春玲:《社会政治变迁与教育机会不平等》,《中国社会科学》2003年第3期,第86-98页。
(6)梁晨等:《无声的革命:北京大学与苏州大学学生社会来源研究(1952-2002)》,《中国社会科学》2012年第1期,第98-118页。
(7)李春玲:《“80后”的教育经历与机会不平等---兼评〈无声的革命〉》,《中国社会科学》2014年第4期,第66-77页。
(8)罗立祝:《高校招生考试制度对城乡子女高等教育入学机会差异的影响》,《高等教育研究》2011年第1期,第32-41页。
(1)王朝明、马文武:《城乡教育均衡发展、城乡收入差距与新型城镇化的关系》,《财经科学》2014年第8期,第97-108页。
(1)李春玲:《高等教育扩张与教育机会不平等---高校扩招的平等化效应考查》,《社会学研究》2010年第3期,第101-102页。