关税对中国产业全球价值链参与度的影响机制——基于中介效应的实证研究
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摘要
关税作为一种国际贸易保护措施,其中一个目标在于保护国内企业,使其健康发展。现有文献大都探讨关税对全球价值链参与度的直接影响,而忽略了关税所带来的间接影响。为了弥补现有文献的这一不足,本研究利用中介效应模型实证研究了中间产品关税、最终产品关税对中国产业全球价值链参与度的直接影响和间接影响进行了实证考察。实证研究表明,中间产品关税税率不仅可以直接对行业全球价值链参与度产生显著的负向影响,还可以通过降低全要素生产率对行业全球价值链参与度产生显著的负向影响;最终产品关税税率不仅可以直接对行业全球价值链参与度产生显著的负向影响,还可以通过降低研发投入对行业全球价值链参与度产生显著负向影响;这意味着中间产品关税和最终产品关税的直接效用和间接效用都是显著存在的。
As an international trade protection measure, one of the goals is to protect domestic enterprises and make them healthy. Most of the existing literature discusses the direct impact of tariffs on the participation of global value chains, while ignoring the indirect effects of tariffs. In order to make up for this deficiency of the existing literature,this paper empirically investigates the direct and indirect effects of intermediate product tariffs and final product tariffs on the participation of China's industrial global value chains. Empirical studies have shown that the intermediate product tariff rate not only has a significant negative impact on the industry's participation in the global value chain, but also can have a significant negative impact on the participation of the industry's global value chain by reducing total factor productivity; the final product tariff rate Not only can it directly have a significant negative impact on the participation of the industry's global value chain, but it can also have a significant negative impact on the participation of the industry's global value chain by reducing R&D investment; this means the direct utility of intermediate product tariffs and final product tariffs. Indirect utility is significant.
As an international trade protection measure, one of the goals is to protect domestic enterprises and make them healthy. Most of the existing literature discusses the direct impact of tariffs on the participation of global value chains, while ignoring the indirect effects of tariffs. In order to make up for this deficiency of the existing literature,this paper empirically investigates the direct and indirect effects of intermediate product tariffs and final product tariffs on the participation of China's industrial global value chains. Empirical studies have shown that the intermediate product tariff rate not only has a significant negative impact on the industry's participation in the global value chain, but also can have a significant negative impact on the participation of the industry's global value chain by reducing total factor productivity; the final product tariff rate Not only can it directly have a significant negative impact on the participation of the industry's global value chain, but it can also have a significant negative impact on the participation of the industry's global value chain by reducing R&D investment; this means the direct utility of intermediate product tariffs and final product tariffs. Indirect utility is significant.
引文
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[2]李钢,叶欣.新形势下中国关税水平和关税结构的合理性探讨[J].国际贸易问题,2017(7):3-16.
[3]Bustos P.Trade Liberalization,Exports,and Technology Upgrading:Evidence on the Impact of MERCOSUR on Argentinian Firms[J].American Economic Review,2011,101(1):304-340.
[4]王岚,李宏艳.中国制造业融入全球价值链路径研究--嵌入位置和增值能力的视角[J].中国工业经济,2015(2):76-88.
[5]刘斌,王乃嘉,魏倩.中间品关税减让与企业价值链参与[J].中国软科学,2015(8):34-44.
[6]李超,张诚.中国对外直接投资与制造业全球价值链升级[J].经济问题探索,2017(11):114-126.
[7]Romer P M.Endogenous technological change[J].Journal of Political Economy,1990,98(5):71-102.
[8]Riverabatiz L A,Romer P M.Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1991,106(2):531-555.
[9]Duranton G,Puga D.Micro-foundations of urban agglomeration economies[J].Handbook of regional and urban economics,2004,4:2063-2117.
[10]Helsley R W,Strange W C.Matching and agglomeration economies in a system of cities[J].Regional Science and urban economics,1990,20(2):189-212.
[11]刘叶,刘伯凡.生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对制造业效率的影响--基于中国城市群面板数据的实证研究[J].经济管理,2016(6):16-28.
[12]Lu Y,Yu L.Trade Liberalization and Markup Dispersion:Evidence from China's WTO Accession[J].American Economic Journal Applied Economics,2015,7(4):221-253.
[13]王志强,刘伯凡,曹建华.生产性服务业集聚对制造业集聚的影响--基于一般制造业和高技术产业的比较分析[J].经济问题探索,2017(3):56-62.
[14]余淼杰.中国的贸易自由化与制造业企业生产率[J].经济研究,2010(12):97-110.
[15]简泽,张涛,伏玉林.进口自由化、竞争与本土企业的全要素生产率--基于中国加入WTO的一个自然实验[J].经济研究,2014(8):120-132.
[16]温忠麟,叶宝娟.中介效应分析:方法和模型发展[J].心理科学进展,2014(5):731-745.
[17]Hummels D,Ishii J,Yi K.The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade[J].Journal of international Economics,2001,54(1):75-96.
[18]Koopman R,Wang Z,Wei S J.Estimating domestic content in exports when processing trade is pervasive[J].Journal of Development Economics,2012,99(1):178-189.
[19]余淼杰,李乐融.贸易自由化与进口中间品质量升级--来自中国海关产品层面的证据[J].经济学(季刊),2016(3):1011-1028.