美国公路发展政策及资金来源研究
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摘要
为了回答社会公众广泛关注的"美国公路不收费,中国公路收费"问题,并且更加深入地分析我国现行公路发展政策和为未来的政策制定提供建议,以美国公路为研究对象,从公路作为准公共产品的政府责任和实现方式入手,对美国特定历史时期中的政治经济社会背景、公路路网规模、公路发展资金政策等方面进行分析。根据美国州际公路发展情况将美国公路发展历程划分为3个阶段,梳理各阶段美国公路发展进程、资金来源和结构以及发展政策,摸清美国公路历程资金来源在不同历史阶段的变化情况,并且研究其在不同历史社会条件下的演变规律。研究结果表明,美国公路网发展得益于完善的立法和设计合理的税收体系,从而得到对我国公路发展的启示。
In order to answer the topic of "American highways don′t charge, but Chinese highways charge",and make more in-depth study on current highway development policy of China as well as guide the futurepolicy making, American highways were selected as the research objects. From the perspective of the gov-ernment responsibilities and implementation ways of highways as quasi-public goods, a series of factorswere studied, including economic and social background, highway network scale, and highway develop-ment funding policy in different specific historical periods. According to the development situation ofAmerican interstate highway, the development course was divided into three stages. Highway developmentprocesses, funding sources, capital structure and development policies in different phases were investigat-ed, trying to find the changing trend of highway development funding sources in different historical stages,and deducing its evolution rule under different historical and social conditions. It is concluded that Ameri-can highway network development dues to the scientifically construction of legislation system and the rea-sonable design of tax system, which can enlighten the development of Chinese highway funding.
In order to answer the topic of "American highways don′t charge, but Chinese highways charge",and make more in-depth study on current highway development policy of China as well as guide the futurepolicy making, American highways were selected as the research objects. From the perspective of the gov-ernment responsibilities and implementation ways of highways as quasi-public goods, a series of factorswere studied, including economic and social background, highway network scale, and highway develop-ment funding policy in different specific historical periods. According to the development situation ofAmerican interstate highway, the development course was divided into three stages. Highway developmentprocesses, funding sources, capital structure and development policies in different phases were investigat-ed, trying to find the changing trend of highway development funding sources in different historical stages,and deducing its evolution rule under different historical and social conditions. It is concluded that Ameri-can highway network development dues to the scientifically construction of legislation system and the rea-sonable design of tax system, which can enlighten the development of Chinese highway funding.
引文
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[2]雍希宏.美国公路系统现状[J].中外公路,2002,22(6):1-4.
[3]咸同庆.美国的公路收费[J].交通世界,2003,10(1):68-69.
[4]何本万.美国公路交通管理及发展[J].中外公路,2004,24(2):84-88.
[5]徐以群,庄芸蕾.美国公路建设投融资体制的发展趋势及启示[J].交通标准化,2010,35(2):100-102.
[6]申燕.美国公路成本补偿做法及启示[J].地方财政研究,2010,7(1):75-79.
[7]Federal Highway Administration,United States Department of Transport.Highway Statistics Summary to 1995[EB/OL].(2018-03-30)[2018-04-15].https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/oh im/summary95/section4.html.
[8]Federal Highway Administration,United States Department of Transport.Highway Statistics 1995[EB/OL].(2018-03-30)[2018-04-15].https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/1995/.
[9]Federal Highway Administration,United States Department of Transport.Highway Statistics 1998[EB/OL].(2018-03-30)[2018-04-15].https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/hs98/hs98page.htm.
[10]Federal Highway Administration,United States Department of Transport.Highway Statistics 2001[EB/OL].(2018-03-30)[2018-04-15].https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/hs01/.
[11]Federal Highway Administration,United States Department of Transport.Highway Statistics 2004[EB/OL].(2014-11-07)[2018-04-15].https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs04/.
[12]Federal Highway Administration,United States Department of Transport.Highway Statistics 2007[EB/OL].(2014-11-07)[2018-04-15].https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformati on/statistics/2007/.
[13]Federal Highway Administration,United States Department of Transport.Highway Statistics 2008[EB/OL].(2014-11-07)[2018-04-15].https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformati on/statistics/2008/.
[14]Federal Highway Administration,United States Department of Transport.Highway Statistics 2010[EB/OL].(2014-11-07)[2018-05-04].https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformati on/statistics/2010/.
[15]Federal Highway Administration,United States Department of Transport.Highway Statistics 2013[EB/OL].(2016-09-01)[2018-05-04].https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformati on/statistics/2013/.
[16]Federal Highway Administration,United States Department of Transport.Highway Statistics 2015[EB/OL].(2017-07-12)[2018-05-04].https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformati on/statistics/2015/.
[17]国家发改委宏观经济研究院“我国交通运输网络规模研究”课题组.我国交通基础设施远景规模研究[J].经济研究参考,2013,35(9):3-16.
[18]李扬.欧美发达国家高速公路建设和管理的启示[J].交通世界,2004,11(7):22-26.