潮汐作用下的滨海浅层地下水水质变化
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摘要
利用雷州半岛东部滨海浅层地下水的逐时采样数据,分析潮汐作用下该区浅层地下水水质变化特征,结果表明:1)研究区地下水中主要离子均以Na+和Cl-为主,K+和2-3CO的质量浓度则低至可以忽略。其中,东海岛地下水水质较为稳定,各离子不具有明显的相关性,而南渡河和新寮地下水中各离子的变化具有准同步特征。2)南渡河地下水对于土壤的平均碱化危害程度最低,其次是东海岛,新寮地下水对于土壤的平均碱化危害程度最高,且大潮期尤甚。东海岛地下水对土壤的碱化危害程度随潮汐变化不大;南渡河和新寮则表现出大潮期地下水的土壤碱化危害程度大于小潮期的特点,意味着潮动力的增强导致海水入侵强度变大,进而加剧了地下水对土壤的碱化危害。3)就地下水受海水入侵强度而言,东海岛的平均受侵强度最大,但随潮动力变化不大,危害具有常态化特征;新寮地下水大潮期受海水入侵的最大强度高于东海岛,但平均危害则小于后者;南渡河受海水入侵程度最低,部分时段不存在海水入侵情况。4)各监测井地下水中Na+和Cl-具有同源性,是溶解性固体总量(TDS)的主要成分,也是引起TDS变化的主要原因。就TDS变化的剧烈程度而言,南渡河的水质波动最为显著,其次是新寮,东海岛水质维持在稳定的水平。5)南渡河和新寮可以通过监测地下水电导率的长期变化间接实现对水体矿化度及Na+和Cl-的长期监测;东海岛则不适合做精确的点监测,但可以考虑进行区间监测。
Based on hourly sampling data in coastal shallow groundwater at eastern part of Leizhou Peninsula,water quality fluctuations under tidal influence are analyzed.The results prove that:1) Na+ and Cl-are the chief ions in the groundwater of the research zone,while K+ and CO32-are ignorable.Groundwater quality in Donghai Island is stabilized,and no obvious correlations can be found among ions in the water.Quasi-synchronization variations of ions in the groundwater do exist in Nandu River basin and Xinliao Island.2) The damage of alkalization of groundwater to soil in Nandu River area is the lowest,while that in Xinliao Island the highest,especially during spring tide.Changes of alkalization degree in Donghai Island are within very limited boundaries that are barely affected by tidal power.On the contrary,higher alkalization damage comes about during spring tide in both Nandu River area and Xinliao Island,derived from stronger seawater intrusion caused by strengthened tidal power,which aggravates the damage of alkalization of groundwater to soil.3) As for the intensity of seawater intrusion to the groundwater,Donghai Island suffers the worst hit on average regardless of tidal power,which indicates an ordinary phenomenon.The maximal intensity during spring tide in Xinliao Island is higher than that in Donghai Island,while mean damage in Xinliao Island is lower than that in Donghai Island.Intensity of seawater intrusion is the lowest in Nandu River area and even down to zero at some time.4) Na+ and Cl-in the groundwater of each monitoring well are closely correlated and are the major constituents in TDS,which also lead to main changes in TDS.TDS fluctuation is the most obvious in Nandu River area,and then in Xinliao Island.TDS in Donghai Island barely changes.5) Conductivity monitoring in groundwater can be a way to monitor mineralization of water,as well as Na+ and Cl-in Nandu River and Xinliao Island,while interval instead of precise monitoring can be carried out for Donghai Island.
Based on hourly sampling data in coastal shallow groundwater at eastern part of Leizhou Peninsula,water quality fluctuations under tidal influence are analyzed.The results prove that:1) Na+ and Cl-are the chief ions in the groundwater of the research zone,while K+ and CO32-are ignorable.Groundwater quality in Donghai Island is stabilized,and no obvious correlations can be found among ions in the water.Quasi-synchronization variations of ions in the groundwater do exist in Nandu River basin and Xinliao Island.2) The damage of alkalization of groundwater to soil in Nandu River area is the lowest,while that in Xinliao Island the highest,especially during spring tide.Changes of alkalization degree in Donghai Island are within very limited boundaries that are barely affected by tidal power.On the contrary,higher alkalization damage comes about during spring tide in both Nandu River area and Xinliao Island,derived from stronger seawater intrusion caused by strengthened tidal power,which aggravates the damage of alkalization of groundwater to soil.3) As for the intensity of seawater intrusion to the groundwater,Donghai Island suffers the worst hit on average regardless of tidal power,which indicates an ordinary phenomenon.The maximal intensity during spring tide in Xinliao Island is higher than that in Donghai Island,while mean damage in Xinliao Island is lower than that in Donghai Island.Intensity of seawater intrusion is the lowest in Nandu River area and even down to zero at some time.4) Na+ and Cl-in the groundwater of each monitoring well are closely correlated and are the major constituents in TDS,which also lead to main changes in TDS.TDS fluctuation is the most obvious in Nandu River area,and then in Xinliao Island.TDS in Donghai Island barely changes.5) Conductivity monitoring in groundwater can be a way to monitor mineralization of water,as well as Na+ and Cl-in Nandu River and Xinliao Island,while interval instead of precise monitoring can be carried out for Donghai Island.
引文
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[11]张文杰,谭红兵,陈喜,曹基富,张国桃,周慧芳.广东硇洲岛地下水化学演化及成因机理[J].水文,2012,32(3):51-59.
[12]易泽邦,刘千红,曹建劲,赖佩欣,彭益军,张剑,宾岚.广州珠江三角洲海水入侵地区地下水微粒的TEM分析及意义[J].2015,34(4):194-199.
[13]李伟,崔丽娟,赵欣胜,张曼胤,马牧源,康晓明,王义飞.中国滨海湿地及其生态系统服务功能研究概述[J].林业调查规划,2014,39(4):24-30.
[14]刘周全.湛江红树林自然保护区湿地生物多样性现状及保护[J].林业调查规划,2007,32(6):22-24.
[15]罗强,苏肇汉.硇洲岛地下水海水入侵的特征分析及治理对策[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2007,18(2):28-32.
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[17]杨新华.湛江市的干旱状况及水资源的可持续利用[J].华中农业大学学报,2001,42(4):19-23.
[18]苏肇汉.构建以防海水入侵为侧重点的湛江市地下水动态监测系统[J].工程勘察,2005(2):17-21.
[19]周鹏鹏,李国敏,卢耀东,黎明.大陆岛地下水动力学特征——以湛江东海岛为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2013,40(1):12-18.
[20]HJ/T 164-2004,地下水环境监测技术规范[S.北京:中国环境出版社,2005.
[21]徐恒振,马永安,于涛,等.GB 17378.3-2007,海洋监测规范第3部分:样品采集、贮存与运输[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[22]刘茜.咸淡水过渡带水―岩相互作用研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.
[23]RICHARDS L A.Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils[M].Washington D C:USDA Agricultural Handbook No.60,1954.
[24]谢中华.MATLAB统计分析与应用:40个案例分析[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2010.
[25]吴吉春,薛禹群,张志辉.海水入侵含水层中水―岩间阳离子交换的实验研究[J].南京大学学报,1996,32(1):71-76.
[26]夏楠.大连市海水入侵系统动力学研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2011.
[27]张留俊,王福胜,秦志坚.公路工程水质分析操作指南[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2003.
[28]庄文华,黄婉义.定量分析及地下水分析(水文地质专业用)[M].武汉:武汉地质学院化学教研室,1985.
[29]地质矿产部水文地质工程地质技术方法研究队.水文地质手册[M].北京:地质出版社,1983.
[30]季秀万.关于矿化度和溶解性固体的探讨[J].地质学刊,2011,35(1):82-85.
[31]刘文全,于洪军,徐兴永,陈广泉.莱州湾南岸浅层地下水特征的空间变异性研究[J].2013,32(1):28-33.
[2]高茂生,叶思源,史贵军,袁红明,赵广明,薛振宇.潮汐作用下的滨海湿地浅层地下水动态变化[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(4):24-27.
[3]LEVENSON H.Coastal systems:On the margin[M]//H.Suzanne Bolton.Coastal Wetlands.New York:American Society of Civil Engineers,1991.
[4]高茂生,叶思源,袁红明,赵广明,丁喜桂.滨海湿地咸水冲淡驱动机理[J].海洋地质前言,2011,27(9):40-43.
[5]苏肇汉.湛江市地下水防海水入侵的开发利用保护对策[J].工程勘察,1997(2):29-33.
[6]赵长荣,杨吉龙,肖国强,杜东,潘桐,张素凤.大连大魏家水源地海水入侵过程中水文地球化学作用分析及定量模拟[J].地质调查与研究,2012,35(2):154-160.
[7]姚锦梅,周训,谢朝海.广西北海市海城区西段含水层海水入侵地球化学过程研究[J].地质学报,2011,85(1):136-144.
[8]杨吉龙,韩冬梅,苏小四,肖国强,赵长荣,宋庆春,汪娜.环境同位素特征对滨海岩溶地区海水入侵过程的指示意义[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(12):1344-1352.
[9]陈桥,史文静,芦清水,宋召军,邸宝平.海水入侵对莱州湾地下水氟释放潜在影响研究[J].海洋科学进展,2012,30(2):219-228.
[10]张怡辉,王玉广,魏庆菲,王传珺.地下水位变化在分析海水入侵中的应用[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(5):788-791.
[11]张文杰,谭红兵,陈喜,曹基富,张国桃,周慧芳.广东硇洲岛地下水化学演化及成因机理[J].水文,2012,32(3):51-59.
[12]易泽邦,刘千红,曹建劲,赖佩欣,彭益军,张剑,宾岚.广州珠江三角洲海水入侵地区地下水微粒的TEM分析及意义[J].2015,34(4):194-199.
[13]李伟,崔丽娟,赵欣胜,张曼胤,马牧源,康晓明,王义飞.中国滨海湿地及其生态系统服务功能研究概述[J].林业调查规划,2014,39(4):24-30.
[14]刘周全.湛江红树林自然保护区湿地生物多样性现状及保护[J].林业调查规划,2007,32(6):22-24.
[15]罗强,苏肇汉.硇洲岛地下水海水入侵的特征分析及治理对策[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2007,18(2):28-32.
[16]何亚寿.略论解决雷州半岛缺水的主要途径[J].人民珠江,1998(3):6-8.
[17]杨新华.湛江市的干旱状况及水资源的可持续利用[J].华中农业大学学报,2001,42(4):19-23.
[18]苏肇汉.构建以防海水入侵为侧重点的湛江市地下水动态监测系统[J].工程勘察,2005(2):17-21.
[19]周鹏鹏,李国敏,卢耀东,黎明.大陆岛地下水动力学特征——以湛江东海岛为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2013,40(1):12-18.
[20]HJ/T 164-2004,地下水环境监测技术规范[S.北京:中国环境出版社,2005.
[21]徐恒振,马永安,于涛,等.GB 17378.3-2007,海洋监测规范第3部分:样品采集、贮存与运输[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[22]刘茜.咸淡水过渡带水―岩相互作用研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.
[23]RICHARDS L A.Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils[M].Washington D C:USDA Agricultural Handbook No.60,1954.
[24]谢中华.MATLAB统计分析与应用:40个案例分析[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2010.
[25]吴吉春,薛禹群,张志辉.海水入侵含水层中水―岩间阳离子交换的实验研究[J].南京大学学报,1996,32(1):71-76.
[26]夏楠.大连市海水入侵系统动力学研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2011.
[27]张留俊,王福胜,秦志坚.公路工程水质分析操作指南[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2003.
[28]庄文华,黄婉义.定量分析及地下水分析(水文地质专业用)[M].武汉:武汉地质学院化学教研室,1985.
[29]地质矿产部水文地质工程地质技术方法研究队.水文地质手册[M].北京:地质出版社,1983.
[30]季秀万.关于矿化度和溶解性固体的探讨[J].地质学刊,2011,35(1):82-85.
[31]刘文全,于洪军,徐兴永,陈广泉.莱州湾南岸浅层地下水特征的空间变异性研究[J].2013,32(1):28-33.